Documentos para la historia de la medicina en Chile: la obra de Eduardo Cruz Coke: "Procurar curar y alimentar al niño antes de que nazca"

Sin lugar a dudas, las obras de grande mujeres y hombres trascienden fronteras. Y no existe mayor frontera a trascender que la de la salud humana y primordialmente la de los niños, niñas y jóvenes: he ahí el porvenir. En la vida y obra del Doctor Eduardo Cruz Coke podemos apreciar dicha preocupación por los más desvalidos. Durante su corta -y fructífera- estadía en el Ministerio de Salud de Chile, logró colocar los cimientos de lo que podríamos llamar la Salud Materno-Infantil y la Salud y Bienestar Colectivo. No solamente él observa que el cuerpo humano debe estar sano, sino que, la sociedad en su conjunto. Un claro ejemplo de su labor médica y política la encontramos en la presentación al Congreso Nacional de la Ley de protección de la Infancia, la cual también abarcaba a la madre del infante. Por primera vez se da a conocer un documento inédito que descansa en el Archivo Nacional de Chile y que era necesario entregar a la academia para su estudio

Polarization networks around the SDGs in the press from 2020 to 2023

Polarization in the media is a phenomenon classified as ambivalent and volatile because radical positions change to moderate and neutral. The objective of the study was to demonstrate this process in press releases and expert evaluations regarding the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). A documentary, cross-sectional, exploratory, and retrospective work was carried out with a sample of press releases with national circulation and published from 2020 to 2023 headed with SDGs. The results verify the null hypothesis of significant differences between the theoretical structures concerning the empirical observations. The scope and limits of the study are discussed, as well as a local risk communication policy

Public Administration of Zoos in the Sustainable Development Goal

Within the framework of the effects of climate change, the public administration of zoos is a scenario to observe the relationship between sustainability and Human Development. Based on the analysis of risks and vulnerabilities, the management of recreational centers makes its visitors aware of the importance of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). The objective of this work was to establish the network of perceptions around the public administration of species in captivity and for investigative or cultural purposes. Exploratory, correlational and cross-sectional work was carried out with a sample of 100 professional practitioners and social servants from centers of the captivity of endangered species. The results show that the dimensions of public administration were associated with SDGs 1, 5, 7, 12 and 15 related to the end of poverty, gender equality, affordable and clean energy, responsible production and consumption, and life in terrestrial ecosystems. About the studies of Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management (GIRD), lines of study are recommended for the analysis of risks and vulnerabilities in scenarios of captivity of species

Mental health and open society in current reality: Between the Utopia of sanity and the Praxis of madness

Este artículo discute el concepto de salud mental y su relación con la calidad de vida y el medio ambiente; analizando los distintos entornos en los que el ser humano realiza sus actividades y de cómo influyen los factores ambientales, culturales y socioeconómicos en la calidad de vida de estas personasThis article considers the concept of mental health and its relationship with quality of life and the environment. The contexts in which human being performs his activities and how cultural and socioeconomic factors contribute to quality of life of peopl

Outcomes of Frail Patients While Waiting for Kidney Transplantation : Differences between Physical Frailty Phenotype and FRAIL Scale

Frailty is associated with poorer outcomes among patients waiting for kidney transplantation (KT). Several different tools to measure frailty have been used; however, their predictive value is unknown. This is a prospective longitudinal study of 449 KT candidates evaluated for frailty by the Physical Frailty Phenotype (PFP) and the FRAIL scale. During the study period, 296 patients received a KT, while 153 remained listed. Patients who did not get receive a transplant were more frequently frail according to PFP (16.3 vs. 7.4%, p = 0.013). Robust patients had fewer hospital admissions during the 1st year after listing (20.8% if PFP = 0 vs. 43.4% if ≥1, and 27.1% if FRAIL = 0 vs. 48.9% if ≥1) and fewer cardiovascular events (than FRAIL ≥ 1) or major infectious events (than PFP ≥ 1). According to PFP, scoring 1 point had an impact on patient survival and chance of transplantation in the univariate analysis. The multivariable analysis corroborated the result, as candidates with PFP ≥ 3 had less likelihood of transplantation (HR 0.45 [0.26-0.77]). The FRAIL scale did not associate with any of these outcomes. In KT candidates, pre-frailty and frailty according to both the PFP and the FRAIL scale were associated with poorer results while listed. The PFP detected that frail patients were less likely to receive a KT, while the FRAIL scale did not

Increased mortality after kidney transplantation in mildly frail recipients

Physical Frailty Phenotype (PFP) is the most used frailty instrument among kidney transplant recipients, classifying patients as pre-frail if they have 1-2 criteria and as frail if they have ≥3. However, different definitions of robustness have been used among renal patients, including only those who have 0 criteria, or those with 0-1 criteria. Our aim was to determine the impact of one PFP criterion on transplant outcomes. We undertook a retrospective study of 296 kidney transplant recipients who had been evaluated for frailty by PFP at the time of evaluating for transplantation. Only 30.4% of patients had 0 criteria, and an additional 42.9% showed one PFP criterion. As PFP score increased, a higher percentage of women and cerebrovascular disease were found. Recipients with 0-1 criteria had lower 1-year mortality after transplant than those with ≥2 (1.8% vs 10.1%), but this difference was already present when we only considered those who scored 0 (mortality 1.1%) and 1 (mortality 2.4%) separately. The multivariable analysis confirmed that one PFP criterion was associated to a higher risk of patient death after kidney transplantation [hazard ratio 3.52 (95% confidence interval 1.03-15.9)]. Listed kidney transplant candidates frequently show only one PFP frailty criterion. This has an independent impact on patient survival after transplantation

Nanoinformatics: developing new computing applications for nanomedicine

Nanoinformatics has recently emerged to address the need of computing applications at the nano level. In this regard, the authors have participated in various initiatives to identify its concepts, foundations and challenges. While nanomaterials open up the possibility for developing new devices in many industrial and scientific areas, they also offer breakthrough perspectives for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In this paper, we analyze the different aspects of nanoinformatics and suggest five research topics to help catalyze new research and development in the area, particularly focused on nanomedicine. We also encompass the use of informatics to further the biological and clinical applications of basic research in nanoscience and nanotechnology, and the related concept of an extended ?nanotype? to coalesce information related to nanoparticles. We suggest how nanoinformatics could accelerate developments in nanomedicine, similarly to what happened with the Human Genome and other -omics projects, on issues like exchanging modeling and simulation methods and tools, linking toxicity information to clinical and personal databases or developing new approaches for scientific ontologies, among many others

Efectos de la suplementación con microminerales en indicadores de producción y su residualidad en sangre, heces y orina de alpacas (Lama lama) en pastoreo.

Con el objetivo de analizar el efecto del nivel de suplemento de microminerales adicionales a la dieta sobre las variables alzada peso y diámetro de la fibra de alpacas, se evaluó la aplicación de tres dosis de selenio y zinc (0,0; 1,0 y 1,5 cc), bajo un (DCA) en arreglo factorial (3 x 2) + (3 x 2). Los resultados mostraron diferencias estadísticas para tratamientos: dosis de selenio, edades, dosis de zinc, edades y para la interacción zinc por edades (Se1E2 con 74,33 kg a los 90 días para alzada a la cruz, Zn1E2 con un promedio de 91,33 cm). La longitud de la fibra los tratamientos Se1E1 y Se1E2 con promedio de 3 cm. Para el diámetro de la fibra los tratamientos 1 (Se0E1) y tratamiento Se1E1 del grupo 1 y los tratamientos Zn0E2 y Zn1E1 del grupo 2 mostraron mejor calidad de la fibra (P < 0,05), con promedios de 28 micras. Se confirmó un efecto beneficioso en el peso vivo, calidad de la fibra en animales maduros de la suplementación con los microelementos Se y Zn, que mejoró las características fenotípicas de producción como el peso vivo, aunque manifestó residualidad en la orina de los animales de 3 a 5 años de edad.Effects of Supplementation with Microminerals on Production Indicators and Blood, Feces, and Urine Traces of Grazing alpaca (Lama lama) ABSTRACTIn this area was applied three doses of selenium and zinc (0.0; 1.0 and 1.5 cc), under a (DCA) in factorial arrangement (3 x 2) + (3 x 2) in order to analyze the effect of the level of additional mineral supplement micro (Selenium, Zinc) to the diet on the raised variables, weight and fiber diameter of alpacas. Results revealed statistical differences for treatment: selenium doses, age, Zinc doses, Zinc interaction for ages. For this, the treatment 4 (Se1E2) with 74.33 kg to 90 days to cross height (Zn1E2) with 91.33 cm average. The length fiber into treatments 3 (Se1E1) and 4 (Se1E2) with 3 cm average. For fiber diameter on treatments 1 (Se0E1) Treatment 3 (Se1E1) of group 1, treatments 8 (Zn0E2) and 9 (Zn1E1) which group 2 charged better fiber quality with 28 microns average. It was confirmed an beneficial effect on live weight and fiber quality in mature animals for mineral supply with Se and Zn con los microelements, that improved the production phenotypical characteristics like weight, but it was manifested minerals urine residuality in 3-5 years old animals

Use of tocilizumab in kidney transplant recipients with COVID-1

Acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with coronavirus infection is related to a cytokine storm with large interleukin-6 (IL-6) release. The IL-6-receptor blocker tocilizumab may control the aberrant host immune response in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) . In this pandemic, kidney transplant (KT) recipients are a high-risk population for severe infection and showed poor outcomes. We present a multicenter cohort study of 80 KT patients with severe COVID-19 treated with tocilizumab during hospital admission. High mortality rate was identified (32.5%), related with older age (hazard ratio [HR] 3.12 for those older than 60 years, P = .039). IL-6 and other inflammatory markers, including lactic acid dehydrogenase, ferritin, and D-dimer increased early after tocilizumab administration and their values were higher in nonsurvivors. Instead, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels decreased after tocilizumab, and this decrease positively correlated with survival (mean 12.3 mg/L in survivors vs. 33 mg/L in nonsurvivors). Each mg/L of CRP soon after tocilizumab increased the risk of death by 1% (HR 1.01 [confidence interval 1.004-1.024], P = .003). Although patients who died presented with worse respiratory situation at admission, this was not significantly different at tocilizumab administration and did not have an impact on outcome in the multivariate analysis. Tocilizumab may be effective in controlling cytokine storm in COVID-19 but randomized trials are needed

New insights into the pathogenesis and transmission of Brucella pinnipedialis: systemic infection in two bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus)

The emergence of Brucella infections in marine mammals is a growing concern. The present study reports two cases of systemic Brucella pinnipedialis infection detected in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) pair stranded together in the Cantabrian coast of Spain. Both animals showed systemic lesions associated with the Brucella infection, more severe in the younger dolphin, considered the likely offspring of the other individual. Real-time PCR, bacterial culture, and whole-genome sequencing were used to detect and characterize the Brucella strains involved in both dolphins. The phylogenetic analysis performed on the Brucella genomes retrieved revealed that the species involved was B. pinnipedialis (ST25). Both animals resulted seropositive in a commercial multispecies blocking ELISA but tested negative in the standard Rose Bengal test. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a systemic infection resulting in various lesions associated with Brucella pinnipedialis (ST25) in two bottlenose dolphins. It is also the initial isolation of Brucella in the milk of a non-pregnant or non-aborting female cetacean likely stranded with its offspring. These findings provide new insights into the epidemiology and clinical impact of B. pinnipedialis infection in cetaceans and underscore the importance of continued diagnostic surveillance to gain better understanding of brucellosis effects and transmission in marine mammal populations.Este trabajo ha contado con el apoyo de un convenio de colaboración entre la Fundación Oceanogràfic (Valencia), la Consejería de Medio Rural, Ganadería, Pesca, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente del Gobierno de Cantabria y el Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET) de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Este convenio permite la recogida de muestras de cadáveres de cetáceos varados y aporta fondos para la realización de estudios post-mortem. Ignacio Vargas-Castro es beneficiario de una beca FPU del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. El trabajo del CITA fue apoyado por el Gobierno de Aragón (Grupo de Investigación A21_23R). André E. Moura recibió el apoyo del Centro Nacional de Ciencia de Polonia (beca de investigación Sonata 2018/31/D/NZ8/02835) y de la Agencia Nacional Polaca de Intercambio Académico (programa NAWA Ulam PPN/ ULM/2019/1/00162).milkBrucella pinnipedialisbottlenose dolphinmarine mammalssystemic infectionhealth surveillancetransmissionwhole-genome sequencingPublishe