Epidemiology of diagnosed cluster headache in Norway

Background: Cluster headache (CH) is one of the most painful conditions in humans and there is limited epidemiological data on this debilitating condition. Objectives: To describe the epidemiology of CH in Norway Methods: We conducted a nationwide study to investigate the prevalence, incidence, and comorbidity of CH in Norway between January 1 2008 and December 31 2016. Treatment and outcome data from the Norwegian patient registry and the Norwegian prescription database were linked on an individual basis. Results: Among 3,892,260 individuals ≥18 years old of age, we identified a total of 1891 patients with CH. The prevalence of CH was 48.6 per 100,000, and the male-to-female ratio was 1.47. The estimated incidence of CH was 3.0 per 100,000/year. Among patients with CH, increased age and sex adjusted odds ratios ([OR], all with p-values <0.0001, were observed for medication-induced headache (OR 50.7, 95% CI 36.7–69.9), migraine (OR 25.2, 95% CI 22.5–28.3), chronic posttraumatic headache (OR 22.2, 95% CI 12.8–38.45), history of cranial trauma (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.5–2.4), somatoform disorders (OR 4.2, 95% CI 3.0–5.8), suicide attempt (OR 3.9, 95% CI 2.6–5.8), personality disorder (OR 3.6, 95% CI 2.6–4.9), bipolar disorder (OR 3.6, 95% CI 2.8–4.8), peptic ulcer (OR 2.8, 95% CI 2.3–3.3), depression (OR 2.8, 95% CI 2.4–3.1), substance abuse (OR 2.6, 95% CI 2.0–3.3), and cerebrovascular disease (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.8–3.1). Use of opioid analgesics during the study period was more common among patients with CH compared to others (81% vs. 22%, sex and age adjusted OR 23.4, 95% CI 20.8–26.2, p < 0.0001)

Gender Equality Programs in the accommodation sector: a critical review in Catalonia

The presence of invisible male standards in the organizations determines their culture and their functional and operational policies. Therefore, the current agendas are determined by the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (UN, 2015). SGD number 5 refers to gender equality. Therefore, one of the main challenges facing the contemporary society is to achieve the gender equality in the organizational structures. Considering this defiance and this need, the objective of this paper is to analyze the gender equality programs implemented by hotel chains located in Catalonia, since they are mandatory for companies with more than 50 employees. A qualitative research is carried out around the six central axes defined in the Strategic Gender Equality Police Plan 2019-2022 of the Regional Government of Catalunya, to analyze the points that these hotel chains consider in their gender equality programs and which aspects are not taken into consideration. Finally, it is concluded with some recommendations to human resource policies with a gender focus, to better achieve positive results in productivity and in improving the quality of services of these hotel chains

Minerales supergénicos de Hg de Almadén: Una forma natural de fijar mercurio

Como es conocido, la zona de Almadén constituye uno de los reservorios de mercurio más importantes del mundo (Higueras et al., 2006)

Los programas de igualdad de género en el sector hotelero: revisión crítica de la situación en Cataluña

The presence of invisible male standards in the organizations determines their culture and their functional and operational policies. Therefore, the current agendas of these organizations are determined by the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (UN, 2015). SGD number 5 refers to gender equality. Therefore, one of the main challenges facing the contemporary society is to achieve the gender equality in the organizational structures. Considering this defiance and this need, the objective of this paper is to analyze the gender equality programs implemented by hotel chains located in Catalonia, since they are mandatory for companies with more than 50 employees (...

Structure detection and segmentation of documents using 2D stochastic context-free grammars

[EN] In this paper we define a bidimensional extension of stochastic context-free grammars for structure detection and segmentation of images of documents. Two sets of text classification features are used to perform an initial classification of each zone of the page. Then, the document segmentation is obtained as the most likely hypothesis according to a stochastic grammar. We used a dataset of historical marriage license books to validate this approach. We also tested several inference algorithms for probabilistic graphical models and the results showed that the proposed grammatical model outperformed the other methods. Furthermore, grammars also provide the document structure along with its segmentation. & 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Work is partially supported by the Spanish MEC under the STraDA Research Project (TIN2012-37475-C02-01), the Spanish Project 2010-CONES-00029, the FPU Grant (AP2009-4363), and through the EU 7th Framework Programme Grant tranScriptorium (Ref: 600707).Álvaro Muñoz, F.; Cruz Fernández, F.; Sánchez Peiró, JA.; Ramos Terrades, O.; Benedí Ruiz, JM. (2015). Structure detection and segmentation of documents using 2D stochastic context-free grammars. Neurocomputing. 150:147-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2014.08.076S14715415

Infected pancreatic necrosis: outcomes and clinical predictors of mortality. A post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study

: The identification of high-risk patients in the early stages of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is critical, because it could help the clinicians to adopt more effective management strategies. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study to assess the association between clinical risk factors and mortality among adult patients with IPN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality. We identified 247 consecutive patients with IPN hospitalised between January 2019 and December 2020. History of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.135-15.882; aOR 4.245), qSOFA (p = 0.005; 95% CI 1.359-5.879; aOR 2.828), renal failure (p = 0.022; 95% CI 1.138-5.442; aOR 2.489), and haemodynamic failure (p = 0.018; 95% CI 1.184-5.978; aOR 2.661), were identified as independent predictors of mortality in IPN patients. Cholangitis (p = 0.003; 95% CI 1.598-9.930; aOR 3.983), abdominal compartment syndrome (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.090-6.967; aOR 2.735), and gastrointestinal/intra-abdominal bleeding (p = 0.009; 95% CI 1.286-5.712; aOR 2.710) were independently associated with the risk of mortality. Upfront open surgical necrosectomy was strongly associated with the risk of mortality (p < 0.001; 95% CI 1.912-7.442; aOR 3.772), whereas endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis (p = 0.018; 95% CI 0.138-0.834; aOR 0.339) and enteral nutrition (p = 0.003; 95% CI 0.143-0.716; aOR 0.320) were found as protective factors. Organ failure, acute cholangitis, and upfront open surgical necrosectomy were the most significant predictors of mortality. Our study confirmed that, even in a subgroup of particularly ill patients such as those with IPN, upfront open surgery should be avoided as much as possible. Study protocol registered in ClinicalTrials.Gov (I.D. Number NCT04747990)

Cranial autonomic ganglia in headache disorders

Headache disorders are amongst the most prevalent causes of disability worldwide. Most of the effort to develop new therapeutics has focused on migraine. Patients suffering from less common headache disorders such as trigeminal neuralgia (TN) or cluster headache (CH) are also in need of new and better treatments. Our group has developed a new navigation based surgical tool that allows accurate targeting of small anatomical structures that might be involved in cranial and facial pain. Two previous pilot trials have used this technique to inject botulinum toxin type A (BTA) towards the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) in 10 patients with intractable chronic CH (1) and in 10 patients with intractable chronic migraine (2). In this Thesis, we further explore the possibilities of this new device. Most of the studies targeting the SPG do not localize the ganglion directly and use anatomical landmarks which have not been validated (3). Our group has depicted the SPG in living humans using MRI for the first time (4). Nonetheless, MRI might not always be available or some patients might have medical contraindications to undergo this examination. For this reason, we developed an algorithm to predict the location of the SPG using bony landmarks identified in CT-scans (paper 1). Classical TN is not classified under trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias but recent studies have shown that one third of the patients might present autonomic symptoms and the SPG has been involved in its pathophysiology. In paper 2, we conducted a pilot study with 10 patients with classical TN (ICHD-3 beta criteria). Patients were injected with 25 units (U) BTA towards the ipsilateral SPG. The primary outcome was the occurrence of adverse events (AEs). The main efficacy outcome was the number of TN attacks at weeks 5-8 after injection compared to baseline. CH is the most common trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia and it inflicts great suffering among patients. The SPG has been involved in its pathophysiology but no other cranial autonomic ganglia have been targeted in this condition. In paper 3 we describe the rational for the role of the otic ganglion (OG) in autonomic cephalalgias. The OG is a smaller and less studied cranial autonomic ganglion. It cannot be seen in CT-scans or in conventional MR imaging. Its relation to the mandibular nerve has been described to be constant in the literature, with the OG being in direct contact to the medial surface of the third division of the trigeminal nerve (5). The mandibular nerve can be easily localized in MRI. In order to target one structure, which cannot be directly depicted, at least one other anatomical landmark is necessary in addition to the mandibular nerve. The foramen ovale (FO) can be seen clearly in CT-images. One anatomicalcadaveric study describes that the OG “lies immediately below the FO”, however the distance between the FO and the OG was not reported in this study (5). In order to target the OG we measured the average distance between the FO and the OG in 21 high definition photographs of 21 infratemporal fossae from 18 cadavers (paper 3). In a pilot study with 10 patients with intractable chronic CH (paper 4), 5 patients were injected with 12.5 U of BTA and 5 patients with 25 U of BTA towards the ipsilateral OG. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of AEs. The main efficacy outcome was the number of attacks in month 2 after injection compared to baseline. Main findings of this Thesis: • The SPG localization can be predicted on CT-images using 2 bony landmarks. Localizing the SPG on CT-images will be important for patients with contraindications to undergo an MRI (e.g. claustrophobia, MR-incompatible metallic foreign bodies or stimulators, etc.), when access to MRI is limited, and in those patients where repeated injections are needed. • Injection of BTA towards the SPG in classical TN (ICHD-3 beta) appears to be safe. We did not find any indication for effect in reducing the number of TN attacks after injection of 25 U of BTA towards the SPG. A better understanding of the role of the SPG in TN is necessary. • The OG appears to have a constant location, being situated 4.5 mm inferior of the FO and medial to the mandibular nerve. The FO is easily localized on CT-scans and may be an interesting anatomical landmark when trying to develop navigation-based therapies towards the OG • Injection of BTA towards the OG in CH appears to be feasible and safe. We did not find a clear indication for effect in reducing the number of CH attacks after injection of 25 U of BTA towards the OG. A better description of the topography of the OG in living humans should precede further clinical studies targeting this structure

The Stereochemistry of Complex Inorganic Compounds. I. Preferential Coordination in Complexes Containing Trans-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane. Ii. Studies on the Resolution of Inorganic Complexes by Microorganisms. Iii. Oxidation of Dextro-Catechin as Catalyzed by Some Optically Active Cobaltcomplexes

98 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1960.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD