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Do measures of memory, language, and attention predict eyewitness memory in children with and without autism?
Background & aims. There are few investigations of the relationship between cognitive abilities (memory, language and attention) and children’s eyewitness performance in typically developing children (TD), and even fewer in children on the autism spectrum. Such investigations are important to identify key cognitive processes underlying eyewitness recall, and assess how predictive such measures are compared to non-verbal IQ, diagnostic group status (autism or TD) and age.
Methods. A total of 272 children (162 boys; 110 girls) of age 76 months to 142 months (M = 105 months) took part in this investigation: 71 children with autism and 201 TD children. The children saw a staged event involving a minor mock crime and were asked about what they had witnessed in an immediate Brief Interview. This focused on free recall, included a small number of open-ended questions, and was designed to resemble an initial evidence gathering statement taken by police officers arriving at a crime scene. Children were also given standardised tests of intelligence, memory, language and attention.
Results & conclusions. Despite the autism group recalling significantly fewer items of correct information than the TD group at Brief Interview, both groups were equally accurate in their recall: 89% of details recalled by the TD group and 87% of the details recalled by the autism group were correct. To explore the relationship between Brief Interview performance and the cognitive variables, alongside age, diagnostic group status and non-verbal IQ, multiple hierarchical regression analyses were conducted, with Brief Interview performance as the dependant variable. Age and diagnostic group status were significant predictors of correct recall, whereas non-verbal IQ was less important. After age, non-verbal IQ and diagnostic group status had been accounted for, the only cognitive variables that were significant predictors of Brief Interview performance were measures of memory (specifically, memory for faces and memory for stories). There was little evidence of there being differences between the autism and TD groups in the way the cognitive variables predicted the Brief Interview.
Implications. The findings provide reassurance that age – the most straightforward information to which all relevant criminal justice professionals have access – provides a helpful indication of eyewitness performance. The accuracy of prediction can be improved by knowing the child’s diagnostic status (i.e., whether the child is on the autism spectrum), and further still by using more specific assessments (namely memory for faces and memory for stories), possibly via the input of a trained professional. Importantly, the findings also confirm that whilst children with autism may recall less information than TD children, the information they do recall is just as accurate
Two-loop Yang-Mills diagrams from superstring amplitudes
Starting from the superstring amplitude describing interactions among
D-branes with a constant world-volume field strength, we present a detailed
analysis of how the open string degeneration limits reproduce the corresponding
field theory Feynman diagrams. A key ingredient in the string construction is
represented by the twisted (Prym) super differentials, as their periods encode
the information about the background field. We provide an efficient method to
calculate perturbatively the determinant of the twisted period matrix in terms
of sets of super-moduli appropriate to the degeneration limits. Using this
result we show that there is a precise one-to-one correspondence between the
degeneration of different factors in the superstring amplitudes and
one-particle irreducible Feynman diagrams capturing the gauge theory effective
action at the two-loop level.Comment: 42 pages plus appendices, 10 figure
Effect of oleic acid supplementation on prostaglandin production in maternal endometrial and fetal allantochorion cells isolated from late gestation ewes
Elevated circulating non-esterified fatty acids including oleic acid (OA) are associated with many pregnancy related complications. Prostaglandins (PGs) play crucial roles during parturition. We investigated the effect of OA supplementation on PG production using an in vitro model of ovine placenta
HATS-5b: A Transiting hot-Saturn from the HATSouth Survey
We report the discovery of HATS-5b, a transiting hot-Saturn orbiting a G type
star, by the HAT-South survey. HATS-5b has a mass of Mp=0.24 Mj, radius of
Rp=0.91 Rj, and transits its host star with a period of P=4.7634d. The radius
of HATS-5b is consistent with both theoretical and empirical models. The host
star has a V band magnitude of 12.6, mass of 0.94 Msun, and radius of 0.87
Rsun. The relatively high scale height of HATS-5b, and the bright,
photometrically quiet host star, make this planet a favourable target for
future transmission spectroscopy follow-up observations. We reexamine the
correlations in radius, equilibrium temperature, and metallicity of the
close-in gas-giants, and find hot Jupiter-mass planets to exhibit the strongest
dependence between radius and equilibrium temperature. We find no significant
dependence in radius and metallicity for the close-in gas-giant population.Comment: 10 pages, submitted to A
HATS-6b: A Warm Saturn Transiting an Early M Dwarf Star, and a Set of Empirical Relations for Characterizing K and M Dwarf Planet Hosts
We report the discovery by the HATSouth survey of HATS-6b, an extrasolar
planet transiting a V=15.2 mag, i=13.7 mag M1V star with a mass of 0.57 Msun
and a radius of 0.57 Rsun. HATS-6b has a period of P = 3.3253 d, mass of
Mp=0.32 Mjup, radius of Rp=1.00 Rjup, and zero-albedo equilibrium temperature
of Teq=712.8+-5.1 K. HATS-6 is one of the lowest mass stars known to host a
close-in gas giant planet, and its transits are among the deepest of any known
transiting planet system. We discuss the follow-up opportunities afforded by
this system, noting that despite the faintness of the host star, it is expected
to have the highest K-band S/N transmission spectrum among known gas giant
planets with Teq < 750 K. In order to characterize the star we present a new
set of empirical relations between the density, radius, mass, bolometric
magnitude, and V, J, H and K-band bolometric corrections for main sequence
stars with M < 0.80 Msun, or spectral types later than K5. These relations are
calibrated using eclipsing binary components as well as members of resolved
binary systems. We account for intrinsic scatter in the relations in a
self-consistent manner. We show that from the transit-based stellar density
alone it is possible to measure the mass and radius of a ~0.6 Msun star to ~7%
and ~2% precision, respectively. Incorporating additional information, such as
the V-K color, or an absolute magnitude, allows the precision to be improved by
up to a factor of two.Comment: 21 pages, 11 figures, 10 tables. Submitted to AJ. Data available at
http://hatsouth.org Code implementing empirical model available at
http://www.astro.princeton.edu/~jhartman/kmdwarfparam.htm
HATS-15 b and HATS-16 b: Two massive planets transiting old G dwarf stars
We report the discovery of HATS-15 b and HATS-16 b, two massive transiting
extrasolar planets orbiting evolved ( Gyr) main-sequence stars. The
planet HATS-15 b, which is hosted by a G9V star ( mag), is a hot
Jupiter with mass of and radius of
, and completes its orbit in nearly 1.7 days.
HATS-16 b is a very massive hot Jupiter with mass of and radius of ; it orbits around
its G3 V parent star ( mag) in days. HATS-16 is slightly
active and shows a periodic photometric modulation, implying a rotational
period of 12 days which is unexpectedly short given its isochronal age. This
fast rotation might be the result of the tidal interaction between the star and
its planet.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, submitted to PAS
Excessive Activation of TGFβ by Spinal Instability Causes Vertebral Endplate Sclerosis
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