Estudio del moco cérvico vaginal de vacas lecheras con endometritis subclínica al momento de la inseminación artificial

Se utilizaron 61 hembras con status uterino sano Holstein, en un establecimiento estabulado. Las vacas se clasificaron según el resultado de cytobrush (PMNN ≥ 5%) en vacas sanas (S) y vacas con endometritis subclínica (ES). El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar las características físico químicas del moco cérvico vaginal (MCV) bovino, en hembras con endometritis subclínica (ES) en el momento de la inseminación artificial. El MCV se extrajo por aspiración y se depositó en eppendorf y se remitió refrigerado al laboratorio para su procesamiento. En cuanto al pH, se encontró que, en las muestras con ES (7.9±0.15) fue más alcalino que en las S (7.4±0.58), encontrándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p=0.01). La relación Na+/K+ fue significativamente menor (p= 0.04) en vacas con ES (6.78±3.8) que en vacas S (10.24±5.5) siendo esto muy similar a la reportado por diferentes autores. Por el contrario, el Mg2+ fue mayor en vacas con ES (8.3±4.2 mg/dL) que en vacas S (5.5±4.3 mg/dL) habiendo diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p=0.02), valores superiores a los informados. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las proteínas (p= 0.82) entre los dos grupos S (2.68±1.75 mg/dL) y el grupo ES (2.81±2.80 mg/dL), ni en los sólidos totales en vacas S (1.36 ± 0.48 g/dL) y ES (1.3±0.63 g/dL). Este resultado es similar a lo reportado por otros autores, quien tampoco encontró diferencia significativa entre los grupos. Aunque los valores encontrados en este trabajo son menores a los hallados en Argentina. La osmolaridad del grupo S (208 ± 4,8 mosm/kg) y del grupo ES (217±36,35 mosm/kg) no mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p=0.97) con una tendencia de osmolaridad mayor en vacas ES. Los resultados obtenidos podrían ser la base de futuras investigaciones que profundicen el análisis de MCV en el momento de la inseminación

The effect of dietary calcium inclusion on broiler gastrointestinal pH: quantification and method optimization

There is little consensus as to the most appropriate methodology for the measurement of gastrointestinal pH in chickens. An experiment was conducted to establish the optimum sampling method for the determination of broiler digesta pH in birds fed differing levels of dietary calcium. Ross 308 broilers (n = 60) were fed one of two experimental diets, one containing 0.8% monocalcium phosphate and 2% limestone and one containing 0.4% monocalcium phosphate and 1% limestone. Four factors were investigated to determine the most appropriate method of measuring broiler gastrointestinal digesta pH: removal from the tract, prolonged air exposure, altering the temperature of the assay, and controlling the water content of the digesta. The conditions were assessed at bird ages from 7 to 42 d post hatch. Dietary Ca content had no significant effect on in situ pH, but it contributed towards variance in ex situ pH of both gizzard and duodenum digesta

Citología vaginal en cerdas: determinación de patrones celulares en relación con la fase del ciclo estral.

Reproductivamente, la cerda se clasifica como poliéstrica continua, con un ciclo estral de 21 días promedio, que se divide en una fase folicular (proestro y estro); y una fase luteal (metaestro y diestro). Durante este ciclo participan diferentes hormonas que inducen cambios comportamentales, anatómicos e histológicos en las cerdas. Estos últimos pueden observarse mediante el uso de citología vaginal exfoliativa2. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar mediante citología vaginal exfoliativa los distintos tipos celulares presentes en cada estadio del ciclo estral de la cerda. El estudio se realizó en una granja de 2800 madres. Se seleccionaron 31 hembras al momento del destete. Se tomaron muestras para estudios citológicos. Durante la observación microscópica se identificaron y contaron células epiteliales vaginales (células parabasales, intermedias, superficiales y escamas) estableciendo el porcentaje promedio de cada tipo celular. Se compararon dos grupos celulares: grupo 1 (parabasales e intermedias) vs grupo 2 (superficiales y escamas) según Rodgers 19933. Se observó un descenso progresivo del grupo 1 desde el 1er día del proestro hacia el final del estro, a la inversa del grupo 2. En relación al metaestro, el % de ambos grupos fue similar. En el diestro temprano se observó un predominio de células del grupo 2, mientras que, en el diestro tardío, predominaron las células del grupo 1

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Phosphorylation of the Synthetic Hexasaccharide Repeating Unit Is Essential for the Induction of Antibodies to Clostridium difficile PSII Cell Wall Polysaccharide

Clostridium difficile is emerging worldwide as a major cause of nosocomial infections. The negatively charged PSII polysaccharide has been found in different strains of C. dif f icile and, thereby, represents an important target molecule for a possible carbohydrate-based vaccine. In order to identify a synthetic fragment that after conjugation to a protein carrier could be able to induce anti-PSII antibodies, we exploited a combination of chemical synthesis with immunochemistry, confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, and solid state NMR. We demonstrate that the phosphate group is crucial in synthetic glycans to mimic the native PSII polysaccharide; both native PSII and a phosphorylated synthetic hexasaccharide repeating unit conjugated to CRM197 elicit comparable immunogenic responses in mice. This finding can aid design and selection of carbohydrate antigens to be explored as vaccine candidates

Endothelial S1P 1 Signaling Counteracts Infarct Expansion in Ischemic Stroke

International audienceRationale: Cerebrovascular function is critical for brain health, and endogenous vascular protective pathways may provide therapeutic targets for neurological disorders. S1P (Sphingosine 1-phosphate) signaling coordinates vascular functions in other organs, and S1P 1 (S1P receptor-1) modulators including fingolimod show promise for the treatment of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. However, S1P 1 also coordinates lymphocyte trafficking, and lymphocytes are currently viewed as the principal therapeutic target for S1P 1 modulation in stroke. Objective: To address roles and mechanisms of engagement of endothelial cell S1P 1 in the naive and ischemic brain and its potential as a target for cerebrovascular therapy. Methods and Results: Using spatial modulation of S1P provision and signaling, we demonstrate a critical vascular protective role for endothelial S1P 1 in the mouse brain. With an S1P 1 signaling reporter, we reveal that abluminal polarization shields S1P 1 from circulating endogenous and synthetic ligands after maturation of the blood-neural barrier, restricting homeostatic signaling to a subset of arteriolar endothelial cells. S1P 1 signaling sustains hallmark endothelial functions in the naive brain and expands during ischemia by engagement of cell-autonomous S1P provision. Disrupting this pathway by endothelial cell-selective deficiency in S1P production, export, or the S1P 1 receptor substantially exacerbates brain injury in permanent and transient models of ischemic stroke. By contrast, profound lymphopenia induced by loss of lymphocyte S1P 1 provides modest protection only in the context of reperfusion. In the ischemic brain, endothelial cell S1P 1 supports blood-brain barrier function, microvascular patency, and the rerouting of blood to hypoperfused brain tissue through collateral anastomoses. Boosting these functions by supplemental pharmacological engagement of the endothelial receptor pool with a blood-brain barrier penetrating S1P 1 -selective agonist can further reduce cortical infarct expansion in a therapeutically relevant time frame and independent of reperfusion. Conclusions: This study provides genetic evidence to support a pivotal role for the endothelium in maintaining perfusion and microvascular patency in the ischemic penumbra that is coordinated by S1P signaling and can be harnessed for neuroprotection with blood-brain barrier-penetrating S1P 1 agonists

Systemic and Local Cytokine Profile in Biliary Atresia

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