Efeitos da secagem na coloração dos frutos de baru (Dipteryx alata Vogel)

Objetivou-se com este trabalho verificar a influência do teor de água e da temperatura de secagem na coloração dos frutos de baru (Dipteryx alata Vogel). O teor de água inicial foi de 0,333 base seca (b.s.) e os demais teores de água (0,25; 0,177; 0,111 e 0,053 b.s.) foram obtidos por secagem em estufa com ventilação forçada, mantida nas temperaturas de 60, 80 e 100 ºC. A avaliação da cor dos frutos de baru foi feita pela leitura direta de refletância das coordenadas “L”, “a” e “b”, empregando o calorímetro ColorFlex EZ com o sistema Hunter de cor. Com as coordenadas “L”, “a” e “b” foram determinadas e calculados os valores de croma (Cr), ângulo de cor hue (°h) e a diferença total de cor (∆E). Para viabilizar o uso de um único modelo linear para a representação do croma (Cr) e das coordenada “L” e “b” dos frutos de baru, independentemente da temperatura de secagem, procedeu-se o teste de identidade de modelos. Com base nos dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que a coordenada “L” e a diferença total de cor (∆E) aumentaram com a redução do teor de água, enquanto os valores do croma (Cr), ângulo hue (°h) e as coordenadas “a” e “b” se reduziram, provocando alteração na coloração dos frutos de baru, independentemente da temperatura de secagem

Produção de alface americana em sucessão a plantas de cobertura

Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar a produção de massa seca de plantas de cobertura, e seu efeito na produção da alface. O experimento foi conduzido no Setor de Olericultura do Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, GO, em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico. O delineamento experimental foi blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições: vegetação espontânea; guandu + brachiaria; guandu + milheto; crotalária + brachiaria; crotalária + milheto; adubação nitrogenada. Para implantação do experimento procedeu-se o preparo convencional da área com aração e gradagem, em seguida, os canteiros foram levantados com microtrator e enxada rotativa. A semeadura das plantas de cobertura em consórcio foi realizada manualmente de forma intercalar no mesmo sulco de plantio na profundidade de 2cm, com 2 linhas espaçadas de 25cm. Avaliou-se a produção de massa seca das plantas de cobertura, aos 55 dias após a semeadura. Para a cultura da alface, avaliou-se a massa fresca e seca da parte aérea. Os resultados mostraram que o consórcio crotálaria + milheto se destacou com maior produção de massa seca, e conferiu maior produção de massa fresca da alface, o que mostra a viabilidade do uso desse consórcio em substituição à adubação mineral

Hygroscopicity of Anacardium othonianum Rizz. seeds

Studies on conservation and exploitation of the Brazilian Savannah native species are essential to technologies that lead to the rational exploitation of these products. This study aimed at determining the desorption isotherms of Anacardium othonianum seeds for different temperature and water activity conditions, as well as adjusting different mathematical models to the experimental data, by selecting the one that best represents the phenomenon. The hygroscopicity was determined with the aid of the gravity static method, for temperatures of 25ºC, 30ºC, 35ºC and 40ºC and water activity between 0.12 and 0.89 (decimal). It was observed that the equilibrium moisture content decreased while the temperature increased, for the same water activity, similarly to what happens with hygroscopic products. The Chung-Pfost model reached the highest determination coefficient and the lowest values for relative average error, estimated medium error and chi-square test, being the one selected to predict the hygroscopic equilibrium of Anacardium othonianum seeds. The isosteric heat increased, while the moisture content decreased, i.e., it increased the energy required to remove water, varying from 4,586.35 kJ kg-1 to 2,572.7 kJ kg-1, for the moisture content of 1.76-6.56 (d.b. %)

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost