New records of Forcipomyia (Pterobosca) incubans Macfie (1937) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) parasitizing wings of Odonata in Brazil / Novos registros de Forcipomyia (Pterobosca) incubans Macfie (1937) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) parasita de asas de Odonata no Brasil

This report presents the first record of Forcipomyia (Pterobosca) incubans Macfie (1937) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in the states of Amapá and Pará, located in the North Region, and in Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, in the South Region of Brazil. Besides seven new records of species of Odonata parasitized in Latin America. Females of  F. (P.) incubans were collected in the wings of 47 specimens of dragonflies. The species Homeoura chelifera Selys, 1876 and Telebasis willinki Fraser, 1948 family Coenagrionidae, Remartinia luteipennis (Burmeister, 1839) family Aeshnidae, Erythemis peruviana (Rambur, 1842), Erythemis vesiculosa (F. 1775), Erythrodiplax fusca (Rambur, 1842), Erythrodiplax umbrata (L. 1758), Miathyria marcella (Selys in Sagra, 1857), Orthemis concolor Ris, 1919 and Orthemis nodiplaga Karsch, 1891 representatives from family Libellulidae comprise the new records for the Brazil, thus increasing to 13 the number of species with parasitism F. (P.) incubans in the country. 

Passive Transfer of Immunity and Serum Proteinogram during the First 35 Days of Age in Nelore Calves Conceived Naturally or Through In Vitro Fertilization

Background: Some reports indicate that calves produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF) may have excessive birth weights, increasing the rates of dystocia. Prolonged labor can cause the birth of lethargic calves that slowly ingest colostrum; this may compromise the intestinal absorption of immunoglobulins. Although the number of beef calves produced by IVF is high in Brazil, there have been few physiological studies examining the neonatal period in such cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the passive transfer of immunity, and characterize the variation in serum protein concentrations, in Nelore calves up to 35 days of age, comparing naturally conceived calves with those conceived by IVF.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty healthy newborn Nelore calves were randomly selected and allocated into two groups (n = 20) according to their method of conception (natural versus IVF), and each group was composed of ten males and ten females. All calves were born and raised on the same farm, and kept with their mothers on extensive management condition. Blood samples were collected between 24 and 36 h after birth, and at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days of age. Total protein (TP) concentration in serum was measured by the biuret method, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) serum activity was measured by the kinetic method. Concentrations of serum albumin, as well as alpha 1-, alpha 2-, beta, and gamma globulins were measured by agarose gel electrophoresis. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration was estimated by the zinc sulfate turbidity test. The effects of sex, age, and conception method, on aforementioned serum parameters, were tested by repeated measures ANOVA. Sex of calves did not affect the studied variables (P > 0.05) and there was no interaction between the age and the conception method (P > 0.05). Naturally conceived calves presented higher TP and IgG concentrations (P 0.05) with age. These patterns of variation related to age were observed in both groups with no apparent distinctions. Based on values obtained at 24 to 36 h after birth, it can be asserted that the passive transfer of immunity was successful in both groups, despite the differences in total protein and IgG concentrations.Discussion: The age-related variations in serum proteinogram components over the first 35 days of age may be considered physiological; and were consistent with previous studies in healthy Nelore calves. These were characterized by gradual decreases in TP, gamma globulins, IgG, and globulin concentrations, as well as GGT activity, and by increase in albumin concentration. The results do not corroborate the suspicion that calves conceived by IVF are more prone to failure of passive transfer. It can be concluded that Nelore newborn calves conceived through IVF, having standard weight at birth, do not have physiological differences related to serum protein concentrations when compared to calves conceived by natural methods

Assistência de enfermagem ao paciente com infarto agudo do miocárdio em uma urgência e emergência: relato de experiência / Nursing care for patients with acute myocardial infarction in an urgency and emergency: experience report

O infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM), ou ataque cardíaco (AC), é a morte das células de uma região do músculo do coração por conta da formação de um coágulo que interrompe o fluxo sanguíneo de forma súbita e intensa. A principal causa do IAM é a aterosclerose, doença em que placas de gordura se acumulam no interior das artérias coronárias, chegando a obstrui-las. Na maioria dos casos o infarto ocorre quando há o rompimento de uma dessas placas, levando à formação do coágulo e interrupção do fluxo sanguíneo (MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDE, 2018). Este estudo, é descritivo de natureza relato de experiência, elaborado a partir da vivência da equipe de enfermagem na atuação para com um paciente acometido por IAM em uma urgência e emergência de um hospital público do interior do Pará. Dentro desse contexto, faz parte da assistência de enfermagem ao indivíduo com IAM: instalação de oxigênio terapia, punção de acesso venoso periférico, monitorização de sinais, realização de ECG e administração de fármacos como nitratos.  Com isso, a equipe de enfermagem deve estar preparada para atender casos de IAM em uma unidade de urgência e emergência. Portanto, é fundamental que o enfermeiro tenha competências técnicas e conhecimento sobre a patologia evidenciada, tendo em vista que o tempo nessa situação imprescindíveis para o paciente

First record of the soybean stem fly Melanagromyza sojae (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in the Brazilian Savannah

The soybean stem fly [Melanagromyza sojae (Diptera: Agromyzidae)] is a pest widely distributed in the Asian continent. In Brazil, its occurrence has been reported since the 1980s, but it had not been reported in Brazilian Savannah areas yet. This is the first record of M. sojae in this region of great importance for the soybean world production. Specimens of the soybean stem fly were collected in a volunteer soybean area, in April 2018, in the Goiás state, Brazil, and sent for molecular identification. The similarity index of the collected specimens with M. sojae was higher than 99 %, thus confirming the identification of the species. The infestation level in the collection area was approximately 100 % of plants with damage caused by this insect. In Brazil, the occurrence of M. sojae, up to the present time, had been described as restricted to the southern states. This record raises the hypothesis that M. sojae is widespread in other agricultural areas of the Brazilian Savannah, and that its dissemination is favored by the maintenance of volunteer soybean

Total fraction of mononuclear cell or stromal vascular fraction transplant associated with cellulosic membrane in experimental cutaneous wounds in rabbits

The skin presents various important functions to the organism. The maintenance of its integrity is fundamental, among others, to prevent penetration of microorganisms and exit of liquids essential to life maintenance. Due to its constant environment exposure, the skin is highly susceptible to trauma which can result solutions of continuity. The healing of wounded skin should be fast and many alternatives are searched for, aiming to reduce repair time and to guarantee a functional and esthetically acceptable scar. One option to repair injured tissues which is ever more viable is cellular therapy with adult stem cells. The aims of this study consisted in evaluating the transplant of total mononuclear cell fraction (TMCF) from bone marrow (BM) or stromal vascular fraction (SVF) from adipose tissue (AT), associated with the use of cellulose membrane. To carry out this experiment, 20 rabbits were randomly divided in four groups with five animals each. After induction of the experimental cutaneous wound, Group A did not receive any treatment; group B received only cellulose membrane; and groups C and D, in addition to receiving the membrane, were submitted to autologous transplant of TMCF, with total cell value between 6,92 x 10(6) and 4,91 x 10(7) and a viability of 82 to 97% or SVF, with total cell value between 9,6 x 10(5) and 6,5 x 10(6) and a viability of 66 a 87%, respectively. At the end of the evaluation period, the three treated groups presented significant statistical difference of wound area in relation to the control group, and the group which received SVF from adipose tissue presented the shortest wound healing time.A pele apresenta diversas funções importantes para o organismo. A manutenção de sua integridade é fundamental, entre outras, para impedir a penetração de microrganismos e a perda de líquidos essenciais à manutenção da vida. Por estar constantemente exposta ao meio ambiente, a pele é altamente susceptível a traumas que podem acarretar soluções de continuidade. A cicatrização da pele ferida deve ser rápida e diversas alternativas são buscadas, visando à redução do tempo de reparo a fim de garantir cicatriz funcional e esteticamente aceitável. Uma opção cada vez mais viável para reparar tecidos danificados é a terapia celular com células-tronco adultas. Os objetivos deste trabalho consistiram em avaliar o transplante da fração total de células mononucleares (FTCM) da medula óssea (MO) e da fração vascular estromal (FVE) do tecido adiposo (TA), associado ao uso da membrana celulósica. Para realização deste experimento, 20 coelhos foram divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos com cinco animais cada. Após a indução da ferida cutânea experimental, o grupo A, não recebeu nenhum tratamento, o grupo B, recebeu apenas membrana celulósica e os grupos C e D, além de receberem a membrana, foram submetidos a transplante autólogo da FTCM, com valor total de células entre 6,92 x 10(6) a 4,91 x 10(7) e uma viabilidade de 82 a 97% ou da FVE, com valor total de células entre 9,6 x 10(5) e 6,5 x 10(6) e uma viabilidade de 66 a 87%, respectivamente. Ao final do período de avaliação, os três grupos tratados apresentaram diferença estatística significativa da área da ferida em relação ao grupo controle e o grupo que recebeu a FVE do tecido adiposo apresentou o menor tempo de cicatrização da ferida

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost