Psychological and Educational Factors of Digital Competence Optimization Interventions Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Lockdown: A Systematic Review

[EN] The rapid development of the ever-changing information and communication society demands skills from its members that allow access to and adapt to the various situations that they may face. To achieve this, it is essential to acquire a set of key competencies throughout different stages of life, among which we find digital competence. This systematic review aims to analyse, through a series of focal points and indicators, the internationally published interventions in the last ten years aimed at improving digital literacy and the acquisition of this competence by students in early childhood education, primary education, and higher education, as well as professionals from various fields. The procedure followed for the selection of the interventions has been documented and graphically represented according to the PRISMA statement, with searches conducted across various databases and journals. In total, 26 studies were selected, covering the period before, during, and after the COVID-19 health lockdown, and the influence of the lockdown on the development of digital competence was examined. The obtained results show the evolution of the selected interventions in terms of general aspects, instructional and evaluative procedures, fidelity, and encountered limitations. The results demonstrate a growing concern for the development of digital competence, amplified by the needs arising during the COVID-19 lockdown and evidenced by an increase in interventions aimed at this goal. It also showcases the relationship between adequate acquisition and the nurturing of other sychoeducational variables like motivation or satisfaction.S

Carateristicas psicossociais e padrões comportamentais associados à reincidência

El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido estudiar las diferencias entre la recurrencia criminal apoyada en las características psicosociales e individuales, identificando si un criminal persistente está principalmente involucrado en un estilo de vida de comportamiento criminal, por lo que es más probable que reincidan, en comparación con un delincuente de primera vez. Excluimos delitos como el tráfico y el consumo de drogas, asegurándonos de que los crímenes estuvieran comprometidos por patrones de comportamiento relacionados con un estilo de vida criminal en lugar de estar relacionados con la drogadicción. Nuestra muestra consistió en 120 presos varones, la mitad de ellos eran delincuentes persistentes y la otra mitad eran delincuentes de primera vez, con edades comprendidas entre 19 y 71 años. Para evaluar e identificar los estilos de vida delictivos, se utilizó el Formulario de Detección de Delincuencia de Lyfestyle - Revisado y un cuestionario de evaluación de información sociodemográfica y de derecho penal. Los resultados muestran que existe una relación directa entre el estilo de vida criminal y los delitos repetidos, mostrando evidencias que pueden ser utilizadas en la promoción de la intervención específica en la integración social y en la prevención de reincidencia.The aim of this paper was to study the differences between criminal recurrence supported in psycossocial and individual characteristics, identifying if a persistent criminal is mainly involved in a criminal lyfestyle behaviour, thereby becoming more likley to reoffend, when compared with a firsttime offender. We excluded crimes such as trafficking and drug consuption, ensuring that the crimes were comitted by behavioural patterns related to a criminal lyfestyle instead of being related with drug dependency. Our sample consisted of 120 male inmates, half of which were persistent offenders and the other half were first time offenders, aged between 19 and 71 years old. To evaluate and identify criminal lifestyles, we used the Lyfestyle Criminality Screening Form – Revised and a questionnaire evaluating sociodemographic and criminal law informations. The results show that there’s a direct relationship between crimnal lifestyle and repeated offenses, showing evidences that can be used in the promotion of specific intervention in social integration and re-incidence prevention.Este estudo teve como objetivo explorar as diferenças de reincidência criminal assente em características psicossociais e individuais, verificando se os reclusos reincidentes têm um maior envolvimento em padrões comportamentais associados ao estilo de vida criminal, tornando mais provável a sua reincidência quando comparados com reclusos primários. Foram critérios de exclusão crimes associados ao tráfico e consumo de estupefacientes, de forma a garantir que os crimes são cometidos por padrões comportamentais associados a um estilo de vida criminal sem compulsão ao crime por dependência de substâncias. A amostra foi constituída por 120 reclusos do género masculino, metade reincidentes e metade primários, com idades compreendidas entre os 19 e 71 anos de idade. Na recolha dos dados foi usado o instrumento Lyfestyle Criminality Screening Form – Revised para avaliar e identificar os estilos de vida criminal e um questionário com informação sociodemográfica e jurídico-penal. Os resultados revelaram que existe relação direta entre o estilo de vida criminal e a reincidencia no crime. Estes resultados fornecem evidência a ter em conta na criação de programas de intervenção específicos para a inclusão social e a prevenção de reincidência.peerReviewe

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Capacidade para o trabalho e fatores psicossociais de saúde mental: uma amostra de profissionais de saúde portugueses

La habilidad laboral se considera como un buen predictor del desempeño en el trabajo. La capacidad de trabajo se ve afectada por factores psicosociales en el trabajo, principalmente los relacionados con la salud mental. Objetivo: Estudiar e identificar la relación entre los factores psicosociales de salud y bienestar en el trabajo y los trastornos mentales y sociodemográficos, determinando qué factores psicosociales influyen en la percepción de Habilidad de Trabajo entre los trabajadores de la salud. Métodos: Se aplicaron cuestionarios WAI y COPSOQ (versión mediana) a 150 profesionales de la salud activos. Resultados: Nuestros resultados muestran que los factores sociodemográficos como la edad y el sexo están influenciados por los factores psicosociales de salud y que la habilidad de trabajo está influenciada por el género y el agotamiento experimentado. Conclusión: A partir de los resultados de este trabajo, así como de otros estudios, se insta a los centros de trabajo a desarrollar y mantener un ambiente adecuado para mantener y proporcionar salud mental y bienestar entre los trabajadores.Work Ability is considered as a good job performance predictor. Work Ability is affected by psychossocial factors at work, mainly the ones related with mental health. Aim: This study tries to explore and identify the relationship between health and wellbeing psychossocial factors at work and mental disturbance and sociodemographic factors, determining which psychossocial factors influence the perception of Work Ability among healthcare workers. Methods: WAI and COPSOQ (medium version) questionnaires were applied to 150 active healthcare professionals. Results: Our results show that sociodemographic factors such as age and sex are influenced by health psychossocial factors and Work Ability is influenced by gender and experienced burnout. Conclusion: Based on the results of this paper, as well as other studies, it urges the need of workplaces to develop and mantain a proper environment in order to keep and provide mental health and wellbeing among workers.A capacidade para o trabalho revelou-se um bom preditor de performance laboral. Esta capacidade tem-se mostrado afetada pelos fatores psicossociais no trabalho, nomeadamente os de saúde mental. Objetivo: O presente trabalho propõe-se explorar e identificar as relações existentes entre os fatores psicossociais de saúde e bem-estar no trabalho e a perturbação mental ligeira e os fatores sociodemográficos, assim como determinar quais os fatores psicossociais que afetam a perceção de capacidade para o trabalho dos trabalhadores no setor da saúde. Métodos: Foram aplicados os questionários ICT e COPSOQ (versão média) a uma amostra de 150 profissionais ativos no setor da saúde. Resultados: Os resultados demonstram que as variáveis sociodemográficas sexo e idade são influenciadas pelos fatores psicossociais de saúde e que a capacidade para o trabalho pode ser influenciada pelo sexo e burnout experienciado. Conclusão: Com base no resultado deste e dos vários estudos efetuados até então sobre o tema, surge a necessidade de os locais de trabalho se debruçarem na criação de um ambiente propício à manutenção da saúde mental e bem-estar dos trabalhadores.peerReviewe

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Proceedings Of The 23Rd Paediatric Rheumatology European Society Congress: Part Two

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