Academic performance and perceptions of undergraduate medical students in case-based learning compared to other teaching strategies: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Case-based learning (CBL) is a teaching method centered on active student learning that can overcome the limitations of traditional teaching methods used in undergraduate medical education. The aim of this systematic review was to compare the effectiveness of CBL against other teaching methodologies in terms of academic performance and perceptions (intra-individual, interpeer and student–faculty) of undergraduate medical students. Literature searches were performed using PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases up to 28 April 2021. We included studies that quantitatively compared the academic performance and perception outcomes of CBL against other teaching methodologies in undergraduate medical students. The risk of bias was judged using the RoBANS tool and certainty of evidence using the GRADE framework. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model and reported as standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Of a total of 4470 records, 41 studies comprising 7667 undergraduate medical students fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in our systematic review. The CBL group was superior to the other teaching method groups in terms of academic performance measured by exam scores (SMD = 2.37, 95% CI 1.25–3.49, large effect, very low certainty) and interest and motivation (SMD = 0.79, 95% CI 0.13–1.44, moderate effect, very low certainty). Other academic performance or perception outcomes were not statistically different between CBL and other teaching methods when considering the pooled effect. Still, they were often superior in the CBL group for specific subgroups. CBL showed superior academic performance (especially compared to didactic lectures and tutorial-based teaching) and interest and motivation compared to other teaching methods used with undergraduate medical students. However, the certainty of evidence was very low and further studies are warranted before a stronger and more definitive conclusion can be drawn

WOMEN SCIENTISTS: DISCUSSING SEXISM AND RACISM IN CHEMISTRY CLASSES IN HIGH SCHOOL

This study aims to discuss sexism and racism in science/Chemistry through a didactic sequence used with students from a public high school in Juazeiro do Norte/CE, with a view to highlighting the role of women in this space, fostering a teaching of Chemistry less racist and sexist. The didactic sequence was organized in three moments, lasting 50 minutes each, involving the participation of 27 students. For the generation of data, two questionnaires were used with the class, at the beginning and at the end of the activity, in addition to the field diary. The activity revealed that the students had a caricatured and reductionist conception of the figure of a scientist, not considering the possibility of women, especially black women, in the production of scientific and technological knowledge. Allied to experimentation, the didactic sequence promoted a socially contextualized teaching of Chemistry, enabling a different vision among students about being a scientist.Este estudio tiene como objetivo discutir el sexismo y el racismo en la ciencia/Química a través de una secuencia didáctica utilizada con estudiantes de una escuela secundaria pública en Juazeiro do Norte/CE, presentando el papel de la mujer en este espacio, promoviendo una enseñanza de la Química menos racista, sexista y sexista. La secuencia didáctica se organizó en tres momentos, con una duración de 50 minutos cada uno, contando con la participación de 27 alumnos. Para la generación de datos se utilizaron dos cuestionarios con la clase, al inicio y al final de la actividad, además del diario de campo. La actividad reveló que los estudiantes tenían una concepción caricaturesca y reduccionista de la figura del científico, sin considerar la posibilidad de las mujeres, especialmente de las negras, en la producción de conocimiento científico y tecnológico. Aliada a la experimentación, la secuencia didáctica promovió una enseñanza de la Química socialmente contextualizada, posibilitando una visión diferente entre los estudiantes sobre el ser científico.Este estudo buscou discutir sexismo e racismo na Ciência/Química através de uma sequência didática com estudantes de uma escola pública de Ensino Médio localizada em Juazeiro do Norte/CE, para evidenciar o papel das mulheres nesse espaço, fomentando um ensino de Química menos racista, machista e sexista. A sequência didática foi organizada em três momentos, com duração de 50 minutos cada, envolvendo a participação de 27 estudantes. Para a geração dos dados foram utilizados dois questionários com a turma, no início e no final da atividade, além do diário de campo. A atividade revelou que os(as) estudantes possuíam uma concepção caricata e reducionista da figura de cientista, não considerando a possibilidade de mulheres, sobretudo negras, na produção do conhecimento científico e tecnológico. Aliado à experimentação, a sequência didática buscou promover um ensino de Química socialmente contextualizado, possibilitando uma outra visão entre os(as) estudantes sobre ser cientista

MULHERES CIENTISTAS: DISCUTINDO SEXISMO E RACISMO NAS AULAS DE QUÍMICA NO ENSINO MÉDIO

Este estudo buscou discutir sexismo e racismo na Ciência/Química através de uma sequência didática com estudantes de uma escola pública de Ensino Médio localizada em Juazeiro do Norte/CE, para evidenciar o papel das mulheres nesse espaço, fomentando um ensino de Química menos racista, machista e sexista. A sequência didática foi organizada em três momentos, com duração de 50 minutos cada, envolvendo a participação de 27 estudantes. Para a geração dos dados foram utilizados dois questionários com a turma, no início e no final da atividade, além do diário de campo. A atividade revelou que os(as) estudantes possuíam uma concepção caricata e reducionista da figura de cientista, não considerando a possibilidade de mulheres, sobretudo negras, na produção do conhecimento científico e tecnológico. Aliado à experimentação, a sequência didática buscou promover um ensino de Química socialmente contextualizado, possibilitando uma outra visão entre os(as) estudantes sobre ser cientista

Análise da Utilização do Cartão BNDES nas Regiões Brasileiras no Período 2004-2014

The work aims to analyze aspects of the destination of the values contracted from the BNDES card. It is intended to verify the sectoral bias of the operations contracted via BNDES card per unit of the Federation (UF), as well as to analyze the distribution of these resources in the UFs compared to that of the population and other economic variables. Applying the locational quotient (QL), for the year 2004, the states with the largest number of sectors (five or more) with QL> 1 in the southeastern region were São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro Minas Gerais. In the South, Rio Grande do Sul, in the Northeast Bahia. In the Midwest, the Federal District and Mato Grosso. For 2014, in the southeast, the state of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo. In the South, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. In the Northeast, Alagoas, Sergipe, Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Norte. In the Midwest, the Federal District, Goiás, Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul. To the North, Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará and Tocantins. There was, through the Lorenz Curve, a change in the use of the card, which in 2004 was concentrated in the South and Southeast regions, which together with the Midwest, had specialization in sectors, in which all the federative units of these regions also featured. In 2014, all regions showed specialization in a given activity in all their federal units, in addition to the decrease in the representativeness of the Southeast in the use of the card, with the Northeast gaining a larger share in the total value of operations.El trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar aspectos del destino de los valores contratados de la tarjeta BNDES. Se pretende verificar el sesgo sectorial de las operaciones contratadas vía tarjeta BNDES por unidad de la Federación (UF), así como analizar la distribución de estos recursos en las UF en comparación con la de la población y otras variables económicas. Aplicando el cociente de ubicación (CV), para el año 2004, los estados con mayor número de sectores (cinco o más) con CV> 1 en la región sureste fueron São Paulo, Río de Janeiro Minas Gerais. En el sur, Rio Grande do Sul, en el noreste de Bahía. En el Medio Oeste, el Distrito Federal y Mato Grosso. Para 2014, en el sureste, el estado de São Paulo, Río de Janeiro, Minas Gerais y Espírito Santo. En el sur, Rio Grande do Sul y Santa Catarina. En el Nordeste, Alagoas, Sergipe, Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco y Rio Grande do Norte. En el Medio Oeste, el Distrito Federal, Goiás, Mato Grosso y Mato Grosso do Sul. Al Norte, Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará y Tocantins. Hubo, a través de la Curva de Lorenz, un cambio en el uso de la tarjeta, que en 2004 se concentró en las regiones Sur y Sudeste, que junto con el Medio Oeste, tenían especialización en sectores, en los que todas las unidades federativas de estas regiones también presentado. En 2014, todas las regiones mostraron especialización en una determinada actividad en todas sus unidades federales, además de la disminución en la representatividad del Sudeste en el uso de la tarjeta, con el Nordeste ganando una mayor participación en el valor total de las operaciones.O trabalho objetiva analisar aspectos da destinação dos valores contratados do cartão BNDES. Intenta-se verificar o viés setorial das operações contratadas via cartão BNDES por unidade da Federação (UF), bem como analisar a distribuição desses recursos nas UFs comparativamente à da população e de outras variáveis econômicas. Aplicando-se o quociente locacional (QL), para o ano de 2004, os estados com o maior número de setores (cinco ou mais) com QL>1 na região sudeste foram São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro Minas Gerais. No Sul, o Rio Grande do Sul, no Nordeste a Bahia. No Centro Oeste, o Distrito Federal e o Mato Grosso. Para o ano de 2014, no sudeste o estado de São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais e o Espírito Santo. No Sul, Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina. No Nordeste, Alagoas, Sergipe, Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco e o Rio Grande do Norte. No Centro Oeste, o Distrito Federal, Goiás, Mato Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul. Para o Norte, Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará e Tocantins. Verificou-se, por intermédio da Curva de Lorenz, uma alteração do quadro de utilização do cartão, que em 2004 se concentrava nas regiões Sul e Sudeste, que juntamente com o Centro-Oeste, apresentaram especialização em setores, no qual todas as unidades federativas dessas regiões também apresentaram. Em 2014, todas as regiões apresentam especialização de determinada atividade em todas as suas unidades federativas, além da diminuição da representatividade do Sudeste na utilização do cartão, com o Nordeste ganhando uma fatia maior no valor total das operações

THE INFLUENCE OF INITIAL IRRIGATION ON THE GROWTH OF TWO HYBRIDS OF EUCALYPTUS

 In order to maximize the productivity of forest species, techniques such as irrigation have been used. The objective of this study was to evaluate the water use efficiency and the influence of the irrigation located in the growth of the hybrids of eucalyptus Grancam and Urograndis at 65 months. The study was carried out in the experimental area of the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), in Aquidauana (state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil). The experimental design was randomized blocks with subdivided plots. The treatments used in the plots were two irrigation systems (microsprinkler and drip) and one control treatment with no irrigation (dryland), and in the subplots, the two hybrids of eucalyptus: Grancam (Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus camaldulensis) and Urograndis (Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis), submitted to irrigation up to the 53° month after planting (MAP). The results were submitted to the analysis of variance and the Tukey test for means comparisons at 5% of probability. The use of irrigation in eucalyptus influences the productivity, providing increased wood volume, height of plants and diameter at breast height (DBH). The hybrid Grancam showed greater increase in height, and Urograndis increased in DBH. The higher efficiency of water use for the volumetric production of wood was observed in drip irrigation for the hybrid Grancam. The hybrid Urograndis is more efficient in the use of water for the volumetric production of wood regardless of the treatment.  In order to maximize the productivity of forest species, techniques such as irrigation have been used. The objective of this study was to evaluate the water use efficiency and the influence of the irrigation located in the growth of the hybrids of eucalyptus Grancam and Urograndis at 65 months. The study was carried out in the experimental area of the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), in Aquidauana (state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil). The experimental design was randomized blocks with subdivided plots. The treatments used in the plots were two irrigation systems (microsprinkler and drip) and one control treatment with no irrigation (dryland), and in the subplots, the two hybrids of eucalyptus: Grancam (Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus camaldulensis) and Urograndis (Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis), submitted to irrigation up to the 53° month after planting (MAP). The results were submitted to the analysis of variance and the Tukey test for means comparisons at 5% of probability. The use of irrigation in eucalyptus influences the productivity, providing increased wood volume, height of plants and diameter at breast height (DBH). The hybrid Grancam showed greater increase in height, and Urograndis increased in DBH. The higher efficiency of water use for the volumetric production of wood was observed in drip irrigation for the hybrid Grancam. The hybrid Urograndis is more efficient in the use of water for the volumetric production of wood regardless of the treatmen

role of female sex hormone receptors

Funding Information: Funding: This study was supported by grant IECT-FAPEMA-05796/18 and FAPEMA IECT 30/2018-IECT Saúde, by the Research Center of the Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (project no. PI86-CI-IPOP-66-2017); by European Investment Funds by FEDER/COMPETE/POCI—Operational Competitiveness and Internationalization Program, and national funds by FCT—Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under projects UID/AGR/04033/2020, UIDB/CVT/00772/2020 and by Base Funding-UIDB/00511/2020 of the Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology, and Energy—LEPABE—funded by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PID-DAC); Project 2SMART-engineered Smart materials for Smart citizens, with reference NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000054, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.A growing proportion of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) are associated with infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). For reasons that remain largely unknown, HPV+OPSCC is significantly more common in men than in women. This study aims to determine the incidence of OPSCC in male and female HPV16-transgenic mice and to explore the role of female sex hormone receptors in the sexual predisposition for HPV+ OPSCC. The tongues of 30-weeks-old HPV16-transgenic male (n = 80) and female (n = 90) and matched wild-type male (n = 10) and female (n = 10) FVB/n mice were screened histologically for intraepithelial and invasive lesions in 2017 at the Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Por-tugal. Expression of estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ), progesterone receptors (PR) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) was studied immunohistochemically. Collagen remodeling was studied using picrosirius red. Female mice showed robust ERα and ERβ expression in intraepithelial and invasive lesions, which was accompanied by strong MMP2 expression and marked collagen remodeling. Male mice showed minimal ERα, ERβ and MMP2 expression and unaltered collagen patterns. These results confirm the association of HPV16 with tongue base cancer in both sexes. The higher cancer incidence in female versus male mice contrasts with data from OPSCC patients and is associated with enhanced ER expression via MMP2 upregulation.publishersversionpublishe

Recognition Of Serous Ovarian Tumors In Human Samples By Multimodal Nonlinear Optical Microscopy.

We used a multimodal nonlinear optics microscopy, specifically two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), second and third harmonic generation (SHG∕THG) microscopies, to observe pathological conditions of ovarian tissues obtained from human samples. We show that strong TPEF + SHG + THG signals can be obtained in fixed samples stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stored for a very long time, and that H&E staining enhanced the THG signal. We then used the multimodal TPEF-SHG-THG microscopies in a stored file of H&E stained samples of human ovarian cancer to obtain complementary information about the epithelium∕stromal interface, such as the transformation of epithelium surface (THG) and the overall fibrillary tissue architecture (SHG). This multicontrast nonlinear optics microscopy is able to not only differentiate between cancerous and healthy tissue, but can also distinguish between normal, benign, borderline, and malignant specimens according to their collagen disposition and compression levels within the extracellular matrix. The dimensions of the layers of epithelia can also be measured precisely and automatically. Our data demonstrate that optical techniques can detect pathological changes associated with ovarian cancer.1609601

FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DOCENTE E ESTÁGIO CURRICULAR SUPERVISIONADO NA LICENCIATURA EM QUÍMICA: PERCEPÇÕES E EXPERIÊNCIAS DE ALUNOS CONCLUINTES

This study aims to analyze the perception of students about the Supervised Curricular Internship in the Teacher formation course in Chemistry, based on their experiences, and discuss the internship as a theoretical-practical space and for reflection on teaching. Based on the reflection on the internship the criticism of the reductionist understanding of this as the time of practice, a qualitative-descriptive study was developed, having as a locus the teacher formation course in Chemistry of a federal institution of higher education in the interior of the state of Ceará, Brazil, with the participation of three undergraduate students who answered five subjective questions about the internship, the answers being analyzed from their meanings and senses. The results indicate in the investigated context the predominance of internships as bureaucratic practice, imitation of models distant from the reflexive-investigative perspective, as well as the critical view of the undergraduate students about the limits of this formative perspective. However, even in the face of the adversities experienced during the internship, students perceive it as an important formative moment for their initial formation.El estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la percepción de los estudiantes de pregrado sobre la Pasantía Curricular Supervisada en la Licenciatura de Química a partir de sus experiencias, y discutir la pasantía como espacio teórico-práctico y de reflexión sobre la docencia. A partir de la reflexión sobre la pasantía y la crítica a la comprensión reduccionista de esta como el tiempo de la práctica, se desarrolló un estudio cualitativo-descriptivo, teniendo como locus la Licenciatura en Química de una institución federal de educación superior en el interior de Ceará, con la participación de tres estudiantes de pregrado que respondieron a cinco preguntas subjetivas sobre la pasantía, analizándose las respuestas desde sus significados y sentidos. Los resultados indican en el contexto investigado el predominio de las pasantías como práctica burocrática, imitación de modelos y distante de la perspectiva reflexiva-investigadora, así como la mirada crítica de los estudiantes sobre los límites de esta perspectiva formativa. Sin embargo, incluso ante las adversidades vividas durante la pasantía, los estudiantes lo perciben como un momento importante para su formación inicial.O estudo objetiva analisar a percepção de licenciandos sobre o Estágio Curricular Supervisionado na Licenciatura em Química a partir de suas experiências, e discutir o estágio como um espaço teórico-prático e de reflexão sobre a docência. Partindo da reflexão sobre o estágio e a crítica à compreensão reducionista deste como a hora da prática, foi desenvolvido um estudo qualitativo-descritivo, tendo como lócus o curso de Licenciatura em Química de uma instituição federal de ensino superior no interior do Ceará, com a participação de três licenciandos que responderam a cinco perguntas subjetivas sobre o estágio, sendo as respostas analisadas a partir de suas significações e sentidos. Os resultados indicam no contexto investigado a predominância de estágios como prática burocrática, imitação de modelos e distante da perspectiva reflexivo-investigativa, assim como a visão crítica dos licenciandos acerca dos limites dessa perspectiva formativa. Contudo, mesmo diante das adversidades vivenciadas ao longo do estágio, os alunos o percebem como um momento importante para sua formação inicial.

Impact of dietary Chlorella vulgaris and carbohydrate-active enzymes incorporation on plasma metabolites and liver lipid composition of broilers

ResearchBackground: Chlorella vulgaris has been proposed as a sustainable green feedstock in poultry nutrition due to its ease of cultivation, minimal environmental impact and balanced nutritional composition. However, the majority of studies documents the use of C. vulgaris as a dietary supplement in broilers instead of a feed ingredient. To the best of our knowledge, no report has shown the effect of a high-level incorporation (>2 % in the diet) of C. vulgaris on plasma metabolites and hepatic lipid composition of broilers. One hundred and twenty Ross 308 male birds were housed in 40 wired-floor cages and randomly distributed by the following experimental diets at 22 days of age (n = 10) during 15 days: (1) a corn-soybean meal based diet (control); (2) based diet with 10% of C. vulgaris; (3) diet 2 supplemented with 0.005% Rovabio® Excel AP; and (4) diet 2 supplemented with 0.01% of a pre-selected four-CAZyme mixture. Results: The inclusion of C. vulgaris at 10% in the diet, regardless of the presence of exogenous CAZymes, changed plasma metabolites but did not compromise broilers growth. Plasma total lipids increased in broilers fed C. vulgaris combined with the two feed CAZymes (p < 0.001) compared with the control diet. Moreover, the supplementation with Rovabio® increased total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, while the addition of the four-CAZyme mixture increased triacylglycerols, VLDL-cholesterol and ALP activity. In opposition, HDL-cholesterol levels decreased in broilers fed microalga alone (p = 0.002). Regarding hepatic composition, the inclusion of C. vulgaris in broiler diets, individually or combined with exogenous CAZymes, had a minor effect on fatty acids but improved the n-6/n-3 ratio and total carotenoids. Conclusions: In summary, the inclusion of a high level (10%) of C. vulgaris in broiler´s diet, regardless of the presence of exogenous CAZymes, improved hepatic antioxidant composition and did not impair broiler’s performance. In addition, the feed supplementation with CAZymes increased broilers lipemia. Therefore, dietary C. vulgaris at this incorporation level seems to be safe for animal health and do not compromise performance traits, with no need of CAZymes supplementationinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Shell choice and occupation by the hermit crab (Crustacea: Diogenidae) in laboratory environment

The Neotropical hermit crabs’ behaviour is rarely studied, although it is an important tool for the conservation of these invertebrates. In this context, the present study aimed to describe the hermit crab ethogram on its behaviour in the choice and dispute by shells. 60 specimens of hermit crabs were collected that were occupying mollusc shells Cerithium atratum, in sandstone reefs. In the laboratory, 30 hermit crabs were removed from their host shells by heating, the rest remained in their shells. The specimens were submitted to five experimental tests: (I) behaviour, (II) shell dispute, (III) shell preference, (IV) specimen behaviour with and without shell, and (V) shell contention between individuals with and without shell. The ethogram was built and evaluated by the Ad Libitum type of observational sampling methods and by the scanning type, for 30 uninterrupted minutes, records every two minutes, in total 15 observations per each observer. There were eight behavioural acts divided into 4 categories: immobility, interaction between specimen, environment exploration, and shell occupation. The most frequent behaviour was "walking", for both hermit crabs (54.2%) and those without shell (59.3%), followed by the rest of the individuals with and without shell, 16.9% and 12.4%, respectively. All hermits preferred mollusc shell Bulla striata, when offered in conjunction with the shell of Astrea tecta. However, all specimens returned to C. atratum shells when it was experimentally offered with all shells. Studies with hermits have shown that the species has preferences of gastropods shell C. atratum