Estudo de prevalência de sintomas de distúrbios da articulação temporomandibular em estudantes de medicina da Universidade da Beira Interior

INTRODUÇÃO E OBJECTIVOS: Os Distúrbios Temporomandibulares (DTM) englobam todos os distúrbios funcionais do complexo crânio-cervico mandibular (CCCM) e têm elevada prevalência na população geral. A etiologia dos DTM é complexa e multifactorial, destacando-se as alterações na morfologia das superfícies articulares, os traumatismos, as alterações da oclusão, os factores psicossociais e emocionais e os factores sistémicos. As estruturas mais afectadas são os músculos, as articulações temporomandibulares (ATMs) e os dentes. Como sintomas mais comuns, assinalam-se o desgaste dentário, a mobilidade dos dentes, a dor nos músculos da mastigação, a dor na ATM, a limitação no movimento da mandíbula, os sons na ATM, a otalgia e a cefaleia. O objectivo principal deste trabalho é a determinação da prevalência de sintomas de DTM nos estudantes de Medicina da Universidade da Beira Interior (UBI). Pretende-se, ainda, verificar a existência de uma relação entre os DTM e o seu grau com as características sócio-demográficas da amostra. MÉTODOS: Este estudo populacional transversal consistiu na aplicação online de um questionário anónimo, que esteve disponível entre 15 de Setembro e 15 de Dezembro de 2009, constituído por duas secções: I. Dados sócio-demográficos; II. Questionário Fonseca et al. (1994)6. Os resultados foram analisados nos programas Microsoft Excel 2007® e SPSS® versao 17.0, ambos para Windows e consideraram-se os resultados significativos para p <0,05. RESULTADOS: No total, 324 estudantes (53,1% da população) responderam ao questionário, sendo 240 do género feminino. As idades distribuíram-se entre os 18 e os 51 anos. A prevalência de sintomas de DTM foi de 58,3%, sendo que o grau mais prevalente foi o ligeiro (41,7%). No género feminino encontrou-se maior prevalência de DTM (60,8%) do que no género masculino (51,2%), não se tendo obtido significância estatística. No estudo da relação entre as variáveis sócio-demográficas e DTM, verificou-se uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre a presença de DTM e o ciclo de curso frequentado, com maior predomínio nos anos clínicos da formação. Os sintomas mais frequentes foram as cefaleias frequentes, as cervicalgias, os ruídos nas ATMs associados ao movimento, o bruxismo e o cerrar dos dentes e a percepção de ansiedade. DISCUSSÃO E CONCLUSÃO: Nos estudantes de Medicina da UBI, existem DTM com maior prevalência no género feminino e essencialmente nos anos clínicos de formação. Neste sentido, propõe-se a realização de investigações que procurem compreender em que medida as actividades constituintes desses anos se relacionam com a prevalência de sintomas de DTM. Além disso, pretende-se alertar para a importância do diagnóstico precoce destes distúrbios.INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) include all functional disturbances of masticatory system and have high prevalence in the general population. The etiology of TMD is complex and multifactorial; the most common causes are: changes in the morphology of articular surfaces, injuries, changes in occlusion and dental malocclusion, psychosocial and emotional factors and systemic factors. The main affected structures are the muscles, the temporomandibular joints (TMJ) and the teeth. Some of the more commom symptoms are: tooth wear, tooth mobility, masticatory muscle pain, Temporomandibular joint pain, jaw movement limitation, TMJ sounds during movement, ear pain and headache. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of TMD symptoms in students of Master in Medicine of the University of Beira Interior (UBI). Furthermore we aim to verify the existence of a relationship between the DTM and its severity, with socio-demographic characteristics of the sample. METHODS: This cross-sectional population study consisted of an online application questionnaire, available between 15th September and 15th December 2009, with two sections: I. Socio-demographic data; II. Questionnaire Fonseca et al. (1994)6 . The results were analyzed on Microsoft Excel 2007 ® and SPSS ® version 17.0, both for Windows and significant results for p <0,05 were considered. RESULTS: A total of 324 students (53,1% of the population) answered the questionnaire, of which 240 were female, aged 18 to 51 years. The prevalence of TMD symptoms in students was 58,3%; the light TMD was the most prevalent with 41,7%. In females, a higher prevalence of TMD (60,8%), was revealed, compared to males (51,2%); such relation had no statistical significance. When the relation between socio-demographic data and TMD was examined, it was found a statistically significant association between the presence of TMD and the cycle of the attended course, with a higher prevalence in the clinical years. The most common symptoms reported were frequent headaches, neck pain, TMJ sounds associated with movement, bruxism and clench and perception of anxiety. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In medical students of the UBI, there are TMD with higher prevalence in females and mostly in the clinical years of the course. In this sense, it is proposed to conduct investigations that seek to understand the extent in which the activities of those years relate to the prevalence of TMD symptoms, in this population in particular. Moreover, it is intended to alert to the importance of early diagnosis of this disorders

Mental health awareness intervention in schools

The lack of information and stigma associated with mental disorders are major obstacles to the promotion of mental health. The “UPA Makes the Difference: Mental health awareness intervention in schools” project aims to contribute to increase young people knowledge regarding mental health issues. This project is part of the “United to Help Movement”, focusing on the combat of mental illness stigma and discrimination. Objectives: to describe the psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire UH (United to Help) and to verify the adequacy of action to promote mental health. Methods: this study was conducted with 26 students (15-17 year-olds). The mental health intervention is composed by 2 sessions. The questionnaire was administered at the beginning of the 1st session and in the end of the 2nd session. Results: cronbach’s alpha regarding 2 sections of the “Questionnaire UPA” stated poor and acceptable levels of internal consistency (stigmatizing perceptions and perceptions of knowledge, respectively). The post intervention assessment showed a significant increase in the total score of the perceptions of knowledge; no significant differences in stigmatizing perceptions; and a significant decrease in help-seeking intentions when facing a mental health problem, although most participants have come to consider different types of help. Conclusion: the results suggest the need to review the structure of the “stigmatizing perceptions” section of the questionnaire, as well as to conduct new analyses with a larger sample. Furthermore, results show the adequacy of the methodology used in the intervention, particularly in the capacity showed to promote the increase of knowledge regarding mental health issues.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The rare isolated adult Chaput-Tillaux fracture: two case reports and review of the literature

The authors present two isolated chaput-tillaux fractures in an adult skeleton. A high level of suspicion is required to prevent diagnostic failure. Computerized tomography scan detects hidden fractures and enables a more detailed preoperative assessment of each case. Most of the cases reported in the literature are associated with other ankle lesions. This typical juvenile pattern is rare in the adults and ideal treatment is yet to be determined.

The rare isolated adult Chaput-Tillaux fracture: two case reports and review of the literature

The authors present two isolated chaput-tillaux fractures in an adult skeleton. A high level of suspicion is required to prevent diagnostic failure. Computerized tomography scan detects hidden fractures and enables a more detailed preoperative assessment of each case. Most of the cases reported in the literature are associated with other ankle lesions. This typical juvenile pattern is rare in the adults and ideal treatment is yet to be determined.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effects of light-curing time on the cytotoxicity of a restorative composite resin on odontoblast-like cells

This in vitro study evaluated the cytotoxicity of an experimental restorative composite resin subjected to different light-curing regimens. METHODS: Forty round-shaped specimens were prepared and randomly assigned to four experimental groups (n=10), as follows: in Group 1, no light-curing; in Groups 2, 3 and 4, the composite resin specimens were light-cured for 20, 40 or 60 s, respectively. In Group 5, filter paper discs soaked in 5 µL PBS were used as negative controls. The resin specimens and paper discs were placed in wells of 24-well plates in which the odontoblast-like cells MDPC-23 (30,000 cells/cm²) were plated and incubated in a humidified incubator with 5% CO2 and 95% air at 37ºC for 72 h. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by the cell metabolism (MTT assay) and cell morphology (SEM). The data were analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p<0.05). RESULTS: In G1, cell metabolism decreased by 86.2%, indicating a severe cytotoxicity of the non-light-cured composite resin. On the other hand, cell metabolism decreased by only 13.3% and 13.5% in G2 and G3, respectively. No cytotoxic effects were observed in G4 and G5. In G1, only a few round-shaped cells with short processes on their cytoplasmic membrane were observed. In the other experimental groups as well as in control group, a number of spindle-shaped cells with long cytoplasmic processes were found. CONCLUSION: Regardless of the photoactivation time used in the present investigation, the experimental composite resin presented mild to no toxic effects to the odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells. However, intense cytotoxic effects occurred when no light-curing was performed.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Nursing workers' perceptions regarding the handling of hazardous chemical waste

Se objetivó identificar la percepción de trabajadores de enfermería sobre el manejo de residuos químicos peligrosos en el Hospital Universitario de la Universidad de São Paulo y elaborar una propuesta para manejar dichos residuos. Investigación cualitativa, muestra intencional, constituida por 18 trabajadores de enfermería. Datos fueran recolectados por técnica de grupo focal. En el análisis temático se identificaron cuatro categorías que evidenciaron la deficiencia de capacitación en las etapas del manejo, como la primera dificultad expresada, habiendo aparecido incluso el desconocimiento sobre la exposición y sus impactos, así como el uso de equipamientos de protección individual en detrimento de la protección colectiva, seguidos de sugerencias respecto de las medidas de competencia institucional y de los trabajadores para el manejo seguro de residuos químicos peligrosos. Dichos datos permitirán recomendar propuestas para el manejo adecuado de residuos químicos peligrosos para la enfermería.The objectives of this study were to identify the perceptions of nursing workers regarding the handling of hazardous chemical waste at the University of São Paulo University Hospital (HU-USP), and develop a proposal to improve safety measures. This study used a qualitative approach and a convenience sample consisting of eighteen nursing workers. Data collection was performed through focal groups. Thematic analysis revealed four categories that gave evidence of training deficiencies in terms of the stages of handling waste. Difficulties that emerged included a lack of knowledge regarding exposure and its impact, the utilization of personal protective equipment versus collective protection, and suggestions regarding measures to be taken by the institution and workers for the safe handling of hazardous chemical waste. The present data allowed for recommending proposals regarding the safe management of hazardous chemical waste by the nursing staff.Este estudo objetivou identificar a percepção dos trabalhadores de enfermagem sobre o manejo dos resíduos químicos perigosos no Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo e elaborar uma proposta para o manejo desses resíduos. Trata-se de pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, cuja amostra foi intencional, composta por dezoito trabalhadores de enfermagem. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da técnica de grupo focal. Com a análise temática foram identificadas quatro categorias que evidenciaram a deficiência de treinamento nas etapas do manejo, como a primeira dificuldade expressa, tendo aparecido ainda o desconhecimento da exposição e impactos, assim como o uso dos equipamentos de proteção individual em detrimento da proteção coletiva, seguidos das sugestões quanto às medidas de competência institucional e dos trabalhadores para o manejo seguro dos resíduos químicos perigosos. Esses dados permitiram recomendar propostas para o manejo adequado dos resíduos químicos perigosos pela enfermagem

Toxicity of chlorhexidine on odontoblast-like cells

Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) is recommended for a number of clinical procedures and it has been pointed out as a potential cavity cleanser to be applied before adhesive restoration of dental cavities. OBJECTIVE: As CHX may diffuse through the dentinal tubules to reach a monolayer of odontoblasts that underlies the dentin substrate, this study evaluated the cytotoxic effects of different concentrations of CHX on cultured odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cells were cultured and exposed to CHX solutions at concentrations of 0.06%, 0.12%, 0.2%, 1% and 2%. Pure culture medium (&#945;-MEM) and 3% hydrogen peroxide were used as negative and positive control, respectively. After exposing the cultured cells to the controls and CHX solutions for 60 s, 2 h or 60 s with a 24-h recovery period, cell metabolism (MTT assay) and total protein concentration were evaluated. Cell morphology was assessed under scanning electron microscopy. CHX had a dose-dependent toxic effect on the MDPC-23 cells. RESULTS: Statistically significant difference was observed when the cells were exposed to CHX in all periods (

Nutrition education in portuguese medical students: impact on the attitudes and knowledge

Nutrition has been underrepresented in the curriculum of many medical schools and therefore physicians do not feel adequately prepared to provide dietary counselling. The aim of the present study is to determine the impact of a Nutrition and Metabolism curricular unit on nutrition attitudes, knowledge and confidence on future clinical practice of medical students.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

UPA faz a diferença - Acções de sensibilização pro‐saúde mental junto de jovens entre os 15 e os 18 anos: Diferenças de género

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Diversity and abundance of planktonic communities in the deep waters off the galician coast (NW Spain)

Comunicación oralPlanktonic communities play pivotal roles within marine ecosystems, affecting their structure, functioning and services. Although they have been extensively studied in the epipelagic ocean, the knowledge about these communities in the dark ocean is rather short. In this study, we explored patterns of abundance and biomass of a wide variety of taxonomic groups from the prokaryotes to mesozooplankton in the epi-, meso- and bathypelagic waters off the Galician coast. As expected, ciliate and zooplankton abundances are depleted in the bathypelagic waters relative to abundances of prokaryotes and nanoflagellates. The rate of decrease of zooplankton biomass with depth is twice as that of prokaryotes and nanoflagellates, indicating that relative contribution of mesozooplancton to the total plankton biomass decreases with depth. Overall, the diversity of prokaryotes in the dark ocean is almost as high as in the epipelagic layer, although the phylotypes are different. The major fraction of epipelagic ciliates belongs to alloricate genera, whereas tintinnids dominate the deep ciliate populations. Small copepods were dominant in the epi- and meso-pelagic zone. By contrast, foraminiferans, big copepods and myctophic fishes were more abundant in the deep ocean