Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Prevalência de alterações da tireoide em adultos com doença celíaca

BACKGROUND: An increased prevalence of autoimmune disorders, including thyroid diseases, has been reported in patients with celiac disease (CD). This study aimed to identify the prevalence of thyroid-related abnormalities in adults with CD. METHODS: Thirty-nine subjects with biopsy-proven CD, three men (7.7%) and 36 women (92.3%), answered a questionnaire. All patients were followed at the outpatient clinic of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Thyroid-related abnormalities were evaluated by serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4) and anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies (anti-TPO) levels. RESULTS: Three subjects had grade 1 lesions; one had grade 2; 13 had grade 3a; eight had grade 3b; and 14 had grade 3c, according to the modified Marsh classification. Mean age was 50.8 ± 12.9 years. Twenty-nine (74.4%) subjects were euthyroid. Ten subjects (25.6%) had hypothyroidism: eight of them (20.5%) were already taking levothyroxine, and subclinical hypothyroidism was identified during the study in the other two patients (5.1%). No patients were hyperthyroid. Mean serum FT4 levels were 1.15 ± 0.25 ng/dl. Median serum TSH levels were 2.39 (0.06- 6.64)IU/ml. Serum anti-TPO levels were positive in six patients (15.4%): one with hypothyroidism, one with subclinical hypothyroidism, and four with normal thyroid function. No factors associated with thyroid-related abnormalities were identified. CONCLUSION: This study showed a high prevalence of thyroid-related abnormalities, as did other studies. Since anti-thyroid antibodies were positive in some patients with normal thyroid function, periodic evaluation of thyroid function in CD patients is recommended.INTRODUÇÃO: Tem-se observado um aumento na prevalência de doenças autoimunes, incluindo doenças da tireoide, em pacientes com doença celíaca (DC). O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a prevalência de alterações da tireoide em adultos com DC. MÉTODOS: Trinta e nove indivíduos com diagnóstico comprovado de DC, três homens (7,7%) e 36 mulheres (92,3%), responderam a um questionário. Todos os pacientes foram acompanhados no ambulatório do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, alterações relacionadas à tireoide foram detectadas por meio da medição dos níveis de hormônio estimulador da tireoide (TSH), tiroxina livre (T4 livre) e intraanticorpos antitireoperoxidase (anti-TPO), no soro. RESULTADOS: Três pacientes apresentavam lesões tipo 1; um paciente apresentava tipo 2; 13 pacientes, tipo 3a; oito pacientes, tipo 3b; e 14 tipo 3c, de acordo com a classificação modificada de Marsh. A média de idade foi de 50,8 ± 12,9 anos. Vinte e nove (74,4%) pacientes apresentaram tireoide nomal. Dez indivíduos (25,6%) apresentaram hipotireoidismo: oito pacientes (20,5%) já usavam levotiroxina e dois pacientes (5,1%) com hipotireoidismo subclínico foram identificados durante a avaliação. Nenhum paciente apresentou hipertireoidismo. Os níveis médios séricos de T4L foram 1,15 ± 0,25 ng/dl. A mediana do TSH sérico foi 2,39 (0,06-6,64) UI/ ml. Níveis séricos de anti-TPO foram positivos em seis pacientes (15,4%), um com hipotireoidismo, um com hipotireoidismo subclínico e quatro com função tireoidiana normal. Não se identificou fator associado a anormalidades relacionadas à tireoide. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo demonstrou uma alta prevalência de anormalidades tireoidianas, como observado em outros estudos. Uma vez que os anticorpos antitireoide estavam presentes em alguns pacientes com função tireoidiana normal, recomenda-se a avaliação periódica da função tireoidiana em pacientes com DC