From Mexico to Michigan and back: An international collaboration investigating primate behavior, ecology, and evolution from multiple perspectives

Evolutionary research benefits form the integration of laboratory and field components to determine factors and processes that affect the evolutionary trajectories of species. Our shared interest in understanding hybridization with genetic admixture as a process that may impact social, behavioral, and ecological features of primates, brought us together in a collaborative project aimed at addressing how vocal variation in two species of howler monkeys in Mexico affects and is affected by hybridization. To achieve this goal, we joined our academic expertise in studying primate genetics, ecology, and behavior under different natural and experimental conditions. We took advantage of decades of experience studying and handing wild howler monkeys for translocation projects to safely sample and study wild populations for this project. Here, we describe the history of our collaboration highlighting how our different perspectives, academic realities, and individual strengths built the foundation for our successful collaboration. We also share our perspectives on how this collaboration opened up new academic venues, broadened our individual perspectives on the integration of different research approaches to address a complex topic, and allowed us to recognize the strength of international collaboration.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149745/1/ajp22992_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149745/2/ajp22992.pd

Isotopic niche partitioning in two sympatric howler monkey species

ObjectivesEcological similarity between species can lead to interspecific trophic competition. However, when ecologically similar species coexist, they may differ in foraging strategies and habitat use, which can lead to niche partitioning. As the body tissues of consumers contain a stable isotope signature that reflects the isotopic composition of their diet, stable isotope analysis is a useful tool to study feeding behavior. We measured the isotopic niche width, which is a proxy for trophic niche width, of mantled (Alouatta palliata) and black (A. pigra) howler monkeys. Specifically, studied populations in allopatry and sympatry to assess whether these species showed niche partitioning.Materials and MethodsBetween 2008 and 2012, we collected hair samples from 200 subjects (113 black and 87 mantled howler monkeys) and used continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry to estimate δ13C and δ15N. We described the isotopic niche width of each species in allopatry and sympatry with the Bayesian estimation of the standard ellipse areas.ResultsIn allopatry, isotopic niche width and isotopic variation were similar in both species. In sympatry, black howler monkeys had a significantly broader isotopic niche, which was mainly determined by high δ15N values, and included the majority of mantled howler monkeys’ isotopic niche. The isotopic niche of mantled howler monkeys did not differ between sympatry and allopatry.ConclusionsThe coexistence of these ecologically similar species may be linked to trophic niche adjustments by one species, although the particular features of such adjustments (e.g., dietary, spatial, or sensory partitioning) remain to be addressed.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/155926/1/ajpa24028.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/155926/2/ajpa24028_am.pd

Alouatta pigra males ignore A. palliata loud calls: A case of failed rival recognition?

ObjectivesWhen closely related species overlap geographically, selection may favor speciesâ specific mate recognition traits to avoid hybridization costs. Conversely, the need to recognize potential sameâ sex rivals may select for lower specificity, creating the possibility that selection in one domain constrains evolution in the other. Despite a wealth of data on mate recognition, studies addressing rival recognition between hybridizing species are limited to a few bird species. Using naïve populations, we examine the extent to which failed rival recognition might have affected hybridization patterns when two species of howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra and A. palliata) first met after diverging in allopatry.MethodsWe simulated first contact between naïve subjects using playback experiments in allopatric populations of the two purebred species. Using linear mixed models, we compared their look, move, and vocal responses to conspecific and heterospecific loud calls.ResultsAlthough not different in overall response strength to playbacks, the two species differed in reaction to heterospecific callers. Male A. pigra ignored calls from male A. palliata, but the reverse was not true.DiscussionDespite striking differences in vocalizations, A. palliata respond equally to calls from both species whereas A. pigra respond only to conspecifics. This apparent failure of A. pigra males to recognize interspecific rivals might have biased hybridization (F1 hybridsâ =â male A. palliata x female A. pigra), a pattern previously hypothesized based on genetic analysis of hybrids. Given that A. pigra males could be losing reproductive opportunities to heterospecific males, our findings add to growing evidence of potential costs for overly specific species recognition.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144221/1/ajpa23443.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144221/2/ajpa23443_am.pd

News and Perspectives: Words matter in primatology

Postings on social media on Twitter (now X), BioAnthropology News (Facebook), and other venues, as well as recent publications in prominent journals, show that primatologists, ecologists, and other researchers are questioning the terms “Old World” and “New World” due to their colonial implications and history. The terms are offensive if they result in erasing Indigenous voices and history, ignoring the fact that Indigenous peoples were in the Americas long before European colonization. Language use is not without context, but alternative terminology is not always obvious and available. In this perspective, we share opinions expressed by an international group of primatologists who considered questions about the use of these terms, whether primatologists should adjust language use, and how to move forward. The diversity of opinions provides insight into how conventional terms used in primatological research and conservation may impact our effectiveness in these domains

Ancient DNA of the pygmy marmoset type specimen Cebuella pygmaea (Spix, 1823) resolves a taxonomic conundrum

The pygmy marmoset, the smallest of the anthropoid primates, has a broad distribution in Western Amazonia. Recent studies using molecular and morphological data have identified two distinct species separated by the Napo and Solimões-Amazonas rivers. However, reconciling this new biological evidence with current taxonomy, i.e., two subspecies, Cebuella pygmaea pygmaea (Spix, 1823) and Cebuella pygmaea niveiventris (Lönnberg, 1940), was problematic given the uncertainty as to whether Spix's pygmy marmoset (Cebuella pygmaea pygmaea) was collected north or south of the Napo and Solimões-Amazonas rivers, making it unclear to which of the two newly revealed species the name pygmaea would apply. Here, we present the first molecular data from Spix's type specimen of Cebuella pygmaea, as well as novel mitochondrial genomes from modern pygmy marmosets sampled near the type locality (Tabatinga) on both sides of the river. With these data, we can confirm the correct names of the two species identified, i.e., C. pygmaea for animals north of the Napo and Solimões-Amazonas rivers and C. niveiventris for animals south of these two rivers. Phylogenetic analyses of the novel genetic data placed into the context of cytochrome b gene sequences from across the range of pygmy marmosets further led us to reevaluate the geographical distribution for the two Cebuella species. We dated the split of these two species to 2.54 million years ago. We discuss additional, more recent, subdivisions within each lineage, as well as potential contact zones between the two species in the headwaters of these rivers

News and Perspectives: Words matter in primatology

Postings on social media on Twitter (now X), BioAnthropology News (Facebook), and other venues, as well as recent publications in prominent journals, show that primatologists, ecologists, and other researchers are questioning the terms “Old World” and “New World” due to their colonial implications and history. The terms are offensive if they result in erasing Indigenous voices and history, ignoring the fact that Indigenous peoples were in the Americas long before European colonization. Language use is not without context, but alternative terminology is not always obvious and available. In this perspective, we share opinions expressed by an international group of primatologists who considered questions about the use of these terms, whether primatologists should adjust language use, and how to move forward. The diversity of opinions provides insight into how conventional terms used in primatological research and conservation may impact our effectiveness in these domains

Corrigendum: A Severe Lack of Evidence Limits Effective Conservation of the World's Primates

In the originally published version of this article, the author's name, Kathy Slater, was incorrectly spelt in the author list and within the “Author Biographical” section. This has now been corrected online.Additional co-authors: Fabiano R de MELO, P Fan, Cyril C Grueter, Diana C Guzmán-Caro, Eckhard W Heymann, Ilka Herbinger, Minh D Hoang, Robert H Horwich, Tatyana Humle, Rachel A Ikemeh, Inaoyom S Imong, Leandro Jerusalinsky, Steig E Johnson, Peter M Kappeler, Maria Cecília M Kierulff, Inza Koné, Rebecca Kormos, Khac Q LE, Baoguo Li, Andrew J Marshall, Erik Meijaard, Russel A Mittermeier, Yasuyuki Muroyama, Eleonora Neugebauer, Lisa Orth, Erwin Palacios, Sarah K Papworth, Andrew J Plumptre, Ben M Rawson, Johannes Refisch, Jonah Ratsimbazafy, Christian Roos, Joanna M Setchell, Rebecca K Smith, Tene Sop, Christoph Schwitzer, Kathy Slater, Shirley C Strum, William J Sutherland, Maurício Talebi, Janette Wallis, Serge Wich, Roman M Wittig, Hjalmar S Küh

Procesos agroindustriales en piña md2

Ilustraciones (principalmente a color), diagramas, figuras, fotografías,En este documento se incluyen los resultados de los productos y los procesos seleccionados de acuerdo con las brechas identificadas para piña md2, tanto en fresco como procesada, y se realiza un análisis comparativo de dichos resultados. La vigilancia tecnológica se llevó a cabo incluyendo 4 tipos de vigilancias (competitiva, comercial, científico-tecnológica y estratégica). Con base en estas, se seleccionaron los productos y procesos correspondientes a la fruta que fue objeto de este estudio. (Texto tomado de la fuente)1° ed

Procesos agroindustriales en mora de Castilla

Ilustraciones (principalmente a color), diagramas, figuras, fotografías, mapasDentro del proyecto BPIN 2014000100010 “Incremento de la competitividad sostenible en la agricultura de ladera en todo el departamento, Valle del Cauca, Occidente”, la Universidad del Valle propuso la actividad 2: diseñar e implementar procesos agroindustriales que generen, con base en estándares internacionales, valor agregado a los productos seleccionados, así como desarrollar y/o evaluar empaques innovadores apropiados para los productos seleccionados en fresco y procesados. Esta actividad incluye las siguientes acciones específicas: 1) vigilancia tecnológica sobre procesos agroindustriales y productos; 2) selección de productos procesados a desarrollar y 3) selección de los procesos, entre otras. Este documento corresponde al entregable de las actividades específicas 1, 2 y 3. Se incluyen los resultados de los productos y los procesos seleccionados de acuerdo con las brechas identificadas en mora de Castilla, tanto en fresco como procesada, tras un análisis comparativo de los resultados. La vigilancia tecnológica se llevó a cabo incluyendo cuatro tipos de vigilancias (competitiva, comercial, científico-tecnológica y estratégica). Con base en estas, se seleccionaron los productos y procesos correspondientes a la fruta objeto de este estudio. A partir de lo anterior, se evidenció que aumentar la vida útil del producto fresco es un reto para la exportación. En el caso de mora de Castilla, se presentan problemas como el carácter altamente perecedero de esta fruta, con altas pérdidas poscosecha a causa de la escasa tecnología de conservación y transformación en las zonas de producción. El transporte del producto fresco es difícil, debido a que las zonas de producción generalmente están en regiones de ladera con malas vías de comunicación. Para responder a las situaciones presentadas, es necesario buscar alternativas de conservación y transformación que permitan aumentar la productividad y competitividad de los sectores mencionados. Se definieron los siguientes productos y procesos: • Mora fresca: mora refrigerada y congelada. • Mora procesada: mora en polvo obtenida por secado en bandejas.1° ed

Tejiendo diálogos. Reflexiones contemporáneas sobre la expresión y el sentido

El presente libro se divide en tres grandes bloques temáticos que contienen a los conceptos guía del título: Complejidad, expresión y sentido y, se organizan de acuerdo con lo que podría considerarse manifestaciones contextuales de las relaciones complejas y manifestaciones de sentido, que emergen como organizadoras a partir de diferentes formas en las que se manifiesta el diseño, las artes y la comunicación, El primer bloque obedece al principio dialógico de la no exclusión en donde que reza: “A no puede ser A y no A” y se titula: Complejidad y expresiones de la cultura contemporánea componiéndose por cinco textos que tocan dimensiones problemáticas en contextos contemporáneos como la intervención urbana y el feminismo como diálogo a través de la imagen y la educación; los discursos de odio como emergencia y la aparición de nuevas necesidades de formación universitaria ante ámbitos de competencia complejos. La primera sección titulada Condiciones emergentes de organización y sentido se presentan los textos en los que la expresión y el sentido aparecen como formas específicas a través de los cuáles es posible no solo asegurar las fronteras de operaciones sociales sino proyectarlas hacia nuevas condiciones de organización y sentido como sería el mundo de la virtualidad. En la segunda sección compuesta por cinco ensayos que de algún modo coinciden en la importancia de los puntos de conexión e interacciones en los fenómenos complejos como inductores de orden-desorden-complejidad, ponen de manifiesto su papel como productores de relaciones que permiten dar cuenta de la incertidumbre, comprender y exponer acontecimientos a nivel educativo, social y artístico. Finalmente en la tercera sección, el bloque que cierra el contenido del libro, se compone por cinco textos que dentro de su argumentación podrían verse alineados con el postulado de Nicolescu del Tercero incluido en donde A no puede ser A y a la vez existe no A, aludiendo a dimensiones problemáticas en contextos contemporáneos como: la intervención urbana y el feminismo como diálogo a través de la imagen y la educación; los discursos de odio como emergencia y la aparición de nuevas necesidades de formación universitaria ante ámbitos de competencia complejos.Olivia Fragoso Susunaga, María Teresa Olalde Ramos y Gustavo Garduño Oropeza, coordinadores