Effects of Irrigation and Tree Spacing on Soil and Air Temperature Profiles of Olive Orchards

Changes on the climate of the boundary layer occur when a vegetation cover above a bare soil is introduced, namely on temperatures and humidity profiles, above and under soil surface. Since air and soil temperatures affect crop growth and development and also soil moisture, they have been used as driving variables in numerous crop growth and development models as well as in those referred to soil mineralization, evaporation, transpiration, etc. The aim of this work was to evaluate (a) the soil thermal behavior in two olive orchards (Olea europaea sp. europaea), both grown on soils with little profile development (Regosol and Cambisol) and subject to drip irrigation but with different spacing between trees, and (b) the air thermal profile over olive rows. Experiments were performed from April to June 2012 in Southern Portugal. Soil and air temperatures were measured by thermocouples. The two orchards changed spatial distribution of soil surface temperature, soil temperature profiles and air temperature within the canopy, either on a daily or hourly basis. Olive tree spacing and irrigation affected both the soil thermal behavior and air thermal profiles. Tree spacing affected the horizontal gradients established along the interrows (intensity and rhythm). Irrigation reduced hourly and daily mean soil surface temperatures and daily thermal amplitudes of both profiles. Differences were also found on damping depths of the thermal wave estimated for the driest and the wettest profiles. Along the row, the effect of shading seems to overlap that of irrigation in a hourly basis

Seasonal dynamics and operational monitoring of hedgerow olive tree transpiration in response to applied water

We used 2012 sap-flow measurements to assess the seasonal dynamics of daily plant transpiration (ETc) in a high-density olive orchard (Olea europaea L. ‘Arbequina’) with a well-watered (HI) control treatment A, to supply 100% of the crop water needs, and a moderately watered (MI) treatment B, which replaced 70% of crop needs. We then tested the hypothesis of indirectly monitoring olive ETc from readily available vegetation index (VI) and ground-based plant water stress indicators. In the process, we used the FAO56 dual crop coefficient (Kc) approach. For the HI olive trees, we defined Kcb as the basal transpiration coefficient, and we related Kcb to the remotely sensed soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) through a Kcb-SAVI functional relationship. For the MI treatment, we defined the actual transpiration ETc as the product of Kcb and the stress reduction coefficient Ks, and we correlated Ks with MI midday stem water potential (ψst) values through a Ks-ψ functional relationship. Operational monitoring of ETc was then implemented with the relationship ETc = Kcb(SAVI) × Ks(ψ) × ET0 derived from the FAO56 approach and validated, taking as inputs collected SAVI and ψst data reporting to year 2011. Low validation error (6%) and high goodness-of-fit of prediction were observed (R2=0.94, RSME=0.2 mm day-1, P=0.0015), allowing us to consider that, under field conditions, it is possible to predict ETc values for our hedgerow olive orchards if SAVI and water potential (ψst) values are known

Digital marketing in hospitality - case study of social networks as a communication toll in Oporto hotels

Digital marketing and social networks are progressively becoming the most important communication tool in almost all business areas. This has considerably increased the information available online. In the tourism context, these developments have had a considerable effect, as they have altered the way tourists search for information, plan trips and share experiences. In a post-COVID-19 world, the innovative use of technologies to engage visitors online through virtual information has gained increasing importance, as it has the ability to provide displaced destination experiences, thus attracting consumer interest in relation to tourist attractions. In this sense, the objective of the present investigation is to understand the influence that generic and non-generic social networks have on the hotel sector, both from the perspective of the hotel and the consumer. To this end, data were collected on several digital channels from twelve hotels located in the Portuguese city of Porto. According to the results obtained, it was clear that the content and presence vary according to the stars of the hotels and the type of the social network analyzed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Symington family estates : how to mitigate buyers’ bargaining power?

Port wine is a traditional Portuguese beverage that can only be produced in Douro Demarcated Region. The Portuguese consumption has been increasing while the exports have been decreasing. In terms of value the market as sustained its position due to an increase of sales in the special categories. This dissertation aims to assess the challenges SFE, one of the biggest Port producers, has been facing in its relationship with large retailers – super and hyper markets. The latter impose some pressures to the former, mainly through their bargaining power, resultant from a dependency on retailers. Price is the main variable of dependency, with implications on SFE’s profitability and economic performance. In order to mitigate such pressures and to ensure the future sustainability of SFE, the analysis here conducted will attempt on provide and summarize the drivers of this unbalanced power amongst the players, as well as, some solutions to mitigate them.O vinho do Porto é um vinho tradicional Português que apenas pode ser produzido na região demarcada do Douro. O consumo Portuguêstem aumentado ao mesmo tempo que as exportações diminuem. Em termos de valor o mercado ten«m conseguido manter a sua posição devido ao aumento de vendas de vinhos do Porto de categoria especial. Esta dissertação propõe-se a avaliar os desafios enfrentados pela SFE, um dos maiores produtores Portugueses de vinho do Porto, devido à grade distribuição – super e hipermercados. A grande distribuição, através do seu poder negocial, impõe certas pressões à SFE, nomeadamente de preço que têm implicações na performance e rentabilidade da empresa. No sentido de mitigar as pressões mencionadas e, para garantir a futura sustentabilidade da SFE, a análise aqui conduzida tenta evidenciar as principais causas deste poder desequilibrado, assim como, possíveis soluções

Patterns of use of mental health care in Portugal, before and during an economic crisis

RESUMO: Enquadramento: Eliminar a lacuna de cuidados de saúde mental deve ser uma prioridade de saúde pública em todo o mundo, porque o baixo acesso a cuidados de qualidade é uma negação de direitos humanos fundamentais e traduz-se em sofrimento, incapacidade e custos económicos substanciais. Os períodos de crise económica podem aumentar ainda mais a lacuna de tratamento, particularmente em grupos da população já vulneráveis. Organizada em três fases de investigação, esta tese de doutoramento pretende contribuir para um conhecimento mais sistematizado sobre a utilização dos cuidados de saúde mental em Portugal e para uma melhor compreensão do impacto das crises económicas na utilização dos cuidados de saúde mental. Na 1ª fase, foi feita uma revisão sistemática da evidência sobre a associação entre períodos de crise económica e o uso de cuidados de saúde mental. Na 2ª fase, foram avaliados o uso, os padrões e as barreiras à utilização de cuidados de saúde mental em adultos com doença mental em Portugal e o impacto da Grande Recessão no consumo de psicofármacos. Na 3ª fase foram explorados os fatores individuais e contextuais que influenciam os padrões de internamento de doentes agudos, especificamente a demora média, a readmissão e o internamento compulsivo, antes e durante uma crise económica. Métodos: Na 1ª fase da investigação, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura seguindo o PRISMA Statement. Na segunda fase, foram usados dados do Estudo Epidemiológico Nacional de Saúde Mental (2008/09), um estudo transversal representativo da população portuguesa (n=3849) parte da World Mental Health Survey Initiative, e dados do Follow-up do Estudo Epidemiológico Nacional de Saúde Mental (2015/16) (n=911). Foram efetuados quatro modelos de regressão logística múltipla para avaliar a associação entre variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas e ter recebido tratamento (sim/não) ou barreiras ao tratamento (baixa necessidade percebida, barreiras atitudinais, barreiras estruturais) nos participantes com doença mental em 2008/09, ajustando por idade, género e presença de doença física. Foram efetuados modelos de equações de estimativas generalizadas múltiplas para estimar a probabilidade na população de consumo de psicofármacos em 2008/2009 (T0) e em 2015/2016 (T1), ajustando por educação. Foram estimados e interpretados odds ratios em níveis específicos dos efeitos principais e dos termos de interação considerando as diferenças de consumo de psicofármacos em T0 e T1, de acordo com o género e a idade. A 3ª fase de investigação usou dados do projeto SMAILE, que estudou utentes das áreas de influência de cinco serviços de Psiquiatria públicos com pelo menos um internamento em 2002, 2007 e 2012. Foram efetuados modelos de regressão logística múltipla para estimar a associação entre demora média mais longa (≥ 17 dias) e readmissão (> 1 admissão) e os fatores sociodemográficos, clínicos e contextuais em estudo. Além disso, foi utilizado um modelo linear generalizado de Poisson para modelar o número esperado de internamentos compulsivos em função das seguintes covariáveis: género, grupo etário, estado civil, educação, situação profissional, presença de tentativa de suicídio, diagnóstico psiquiátrico, ano de avaliação e serviço de Psiquiatria. Resultados: Na 1ª fase foi encontrado que 1) os períodos de crise económica estão associados a aumento da procura de cuidados gerais para problemas de saúde mental, com evidência contraditória quanto à utilização de cuidados especializados psiquiátricos; 2) esses períodos estão associados a maior consumo de psicofármacos e a aumento de internamentos por doença mental, com resultados contraditórios na utilizaçãos de cuidados de saúde mental por comportamento suicidário. Na 2ª fase foi encontrado que 1) a maioria dos participantes (65,4%) com doença mental não recebeu tratamento; 2) o determinante mais importante da utilização de serviços de saúde foi a presença de perturbação do humor, seguido da incapacidade, sendo os participantes solteiros e os que têm ensino básico e secundário os que menos acederam aos serviços de saúde; 3) as barreiras atitudinais foram as mais frequentemente reportadas, seguidas da baixa necessidade percebida e das barreiras estruturais; 4) a probabilidade de reportar barreiras atitudinais foi maior nos participantes com níveis mais baixos de educação e menor nos participantes com perturbação por utilização de substâncias; 5) a baixa necessidade percebida foi mais reportada por solteiros e menos reportada por participantes com perturbação da ansiedade e do humor; 6) a probabilidade de reportar barreiras estruturais foi maior nos participantes desempregados; 7) ajustando para idade, género e educação, foi estimado que a probabilidade na população de consumir qualquer psicofármaco em 2015/16 foi 1,5 vezes maior do que em 2008/09 (OR = 1,50; IC 95%: 1,13–2,01), particularmente para hipnóticos / sedativos (OR = 1,60; IC 95%: 1,14–2,25); 8) as mulheres e os idosos apresentaram maior probabilidade de consumir qualquer psicofármaco, mas a crise económica teve um impacto desproporcional nos homens e nos jovens. Na 3ª fase da investigação, os principais resultados foram: 1) a demora média mais longa foi associada a idade superior, diagnóstico de psicose e internamento compulsivo; 2) a demora média mais curta foi associada a ser casado, ter ensino secundário, ter feito uma tentativa de suicídio, ter o diagnóstico de perturbação de utilização de substâncias e “outras doenças mentais”, ter sido internado em 2012 e pertencer à área de influência de dois dos serviços de Psiquiatria avaliados (Hospital de Magalhães Lemos EPE e Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa); 3) a maior probabilidade de readmissão foi associada a ser reformado, ter o diagnóstico de psicose, ter internamento compulsivo e pertencer à área de influência de quatro dos serviços de Psiquiatria avaliados (Hospital de Magalhães Lemos EPE, Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa, Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca EPE e Unidade Local de Saúde do Baixo Alentejo EPE); 4) a menor probabilidade de readmissão foi associada a ter idade superior e ter ensino secundário ou superior; 5) o aumento de internamento compulsivo foi associado a sexo masculino, ensino secundário ou superior, diagnóstico psiquiátrico de psicose e internamento em 2007 e em 2012; 6) a diminuição de internamento compulsivo foi associada a ser casado ou coabitar, ter feito uma tentativa de suicídio e pertencer à área de influência de três dos serviços de Psiquiatria avaliados (Hospital de Magalhães Lemos EPE, Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa e Unidade Local de Saúde do Baixo Alentejo EPE). Conclusões: Os resultados desta tese de doutoramento confirmam as elevadas necessidades não satisfeitas de saúde mental em Portugal, sugerem quais são as principais barreiras aos cuidados e identificam os subgrupos mais vulneráveis a essas barreiras e a padrões de hospitalização mais graves. Esta evidência pode ajudar a estabelecer prioridades de ação quando estamos a viver uma grave crise económica e há uma necessidade urgente de reduzir a lacuna nos cuidados de saúde mental. O atual momento de interesse pela saúde mental deve ser uma oportunidade para investir e melhorar a utilização dos recursos e a organização dos serviços. As estratégias para melhorar a capacidade do setor da saúde mental para responder às necessidades de saúde mental incluem modelos de cuidados mais próximos da população, que facilitam a identificação precoce de problemas de saúde mental e a implementação de intervenções integradas e psicossociais. Este objetivo poderá ser alcançado com o desenvolvimento de uma rede mais robusta e ampla de equipas e de serviços de saúde mental baseados na comunidade, a solução mais efetiva para melhorar a continuidade de cuidados, reforçar a adesão ao tratamento, melhorar o apoio e a colaboração com as famílias e aprofundar a coordenação com os cuidados de saúde primários e os serviços sociais. É também essencial melhorar a procura de ajuda, implementando intervenções de literacia em saúde mental, usando tecnologias digitais e incentivando o contacto interpessoal com pessoas com doença mental. Por último, mas não menos importante, as pessoas com doença mental devem ser envolvidas em todos os aspetos dos cuidados de saúde mental, com pleno reconhecimento de seus desejos e das suas preferências e respeito pelos seus direitos humanos.ABSTRACT: I would like to thank my supervisor, Professor Benedetto Saraceno, for his warm support and critical feedback during the work for this thesis. I am truly grateful for his constant positive reinforcements and for the friendship throughout the years. I also would like to thank Professor Joaquim Gago for co-supervising this thesis. I am especially thankful for his kind support, availability and generosity, fundamental for the completion of this work. I am grateful to my team of the Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health: it is a privilege to be part of this wonderful group, and this thesis was possible only with your continuous support. To Professor José Miguel Caldas de Almeida, I thank the encouraging advices, friendship and generosity for the implementation of this research project. To Professor Graça Cardoso, I thank the valuable comments, the brainstorm and companionship throughout the execution of the project, and the friendship. I am deeply grateful to Ana Antunes for having been so important for the completion of this work, with our long conversations about everything, her attention to detail, the help with the manuscripts, and her friendship. I also thank Sofia Azeredo-Lopes for her rigour and invaluable help with statistics, essential to accomplish this work, and for the friendship. I thank Ana Oliveira for her always good teamwork. I want to express my gratitude to my colleagues over the years: Diana Frasquilho, Joana Zózimo, Ana Meireles, Marta Agostinho, Daniel Neto, Cheila Almeida, Gina Tomé, and Isa Figueira. I would like to thank Professor Miguel Xavier for all his support. My thanks also go to the SMAILE project team for the excellent learning experience. I am thankful for the fruitful collaboration with Professor Paula Santana, PI of the project. To Adriana Loureiro, thank you for the support, the availability and the beautiful maps. I extend my acknowledgments to all the members of the team: Professor Carla Nunes, Professor João Ferrão, Professor Pedro Pita Barros, Professor Maria do Rosário Partidário, Joana Lima, and all the other members of Centro de Estudos de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território da Universidade de Coimbra I thank the support of the coordinators of the SMAILE project in each participating hospital: Dr. Ana Matos Pires, Dr. António Leuschner, Dr. José Salgado, Dr. Luís Sardinha, and Professor Teresa Maia. I also thank the Psychiatry residents that contributed to the data collection: Drs. Sofia Gomes, Catarina Cochat, José Luís Fernandes, Maria Lima Peixoto, Marlene Alves, Marta Queirós, and Vítor Pimenta (Hospital de Magalhães Lemos EPE); Drs. Rafael Costa, Beatriz Lourenço, Catarina Agostinho, Ciro Oliveira, Filipe Gonçalves, Filipe Vicente, Gonçalo Sobreira, Guilherme Pereira, Gustavo Jesus, Inês Coelho, João Oliveira, Marco Duarte, Margarida Bairrão, Miguel Nascimento, Sérgio Saraiva, Sofia Charro, Tiago Sousa, and Vânia Viveiros (Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa); Drs. Ana Sofia Sequeira, Daniel Neto, Hugo da Silva, Ricardo Duque, and Sérgio Pereira (Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental EPE); Drs. Ana Filipa Correia, Guilherme Martins, Salomé Magalhães, Márcia Sequeira, Marta Nascimento, Sara Castro, Sofia Barbosa, and Sílvia Batista (Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca EPE); and Dr. Catarina Gaspar (Unidade Local de Saúde do Baixo Alentejo EPE). Your collaboration was essential to complete this work. To my global friends Davínia, Patricia, Maria Luisa, Pilar and Anna: it was great to share experiences and to learn from you. I thank Professor Marco Paulino for his role and example in my training as a psychiatrist and for the availability to monitor this thesis. I thank my team at Serviço de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental of Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte EPE (Joana Pinheiro, Patrícia Plácido, Paula Alves and Tânia Carneiro) for the friendship. To Professor Daniel Sampaio, who inspired me to become a psychiatrist. To Dr. António Neves, Dr. Nazaré Santos, Professor Carlos Góis and Dr. Dulce Bouça, I thank all the good years and experiences that we’ve shared. To Professor António Barbosa, for his trust and encouragement. To Professor Luís Câmara Pestana, for his support. I thank Tiago, for his support over the years and help proofreading this thesis. All my gratitude to my parents and to Ana, for the constant trust, inspiration and availability. And to João, for all his support, understanding, and endless encouragement Background: Closing the mental health care gap should be at the top of the public health agenda worldwide, because low access to quality care is a denial of fundamental human rights and leads to substantial suffering, disability, and economic costs. Periods of economic crisis might further increase the treatment gap, particularly in already vulnerable population groups. Organised in three research phases, this doctoral thesis aims to contribute to a more systematised knowledge about the use of mental health care in Portugal, and to a better understanding of the impact of economic crises on the use of mental health care. A systematic review of the current evidence on the association between periods of economic crisis and the use of mental health care was conducted in the 1st phase. In the 2nd phase the use, patterns and barriers to mental health care among adults with mental disorders in Portugal, and the impact of the Great Recession on the use of psychotropic drugs were evaluated. The individual and contextual factors that influence patterns of use of acute psychiatric inpatient services, specifically length of hospital stay (LOS), readmission and involuntary hospitalisation, before and during an economic crisis, were explored in the 3rd phase. Methods: In the 1st research phase, a systematic literature review was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines. In the 2nd phase research was conducted using data from the National Mental Health Survey (2008/09), a nationally representative cross-sectional survey (n=3849) part of the World Mental Health Survey Initiative, and from the National Mental Health Survey Follow-up (2015/16) (n=911). Four multiple logistic regression models were performed to evaluate the association between sociodemographic and clinical variables and having received treatment (yes/no) or barriers to treatment (low perceived need, attitudinal barriers, structural barriers) among the participants with any 12-month mental disorder in 2008/09, adjusting for age, gender and presence of any physical disorder. Multiple generalised estimating equations models were performed to estimate the population odds of consuming psychotropic drugs in 2008/2009 (T0) and in 2015/2016 (T1), adjusting for education. Odds ratios were estimated and interpreted at specific levels of the main effects and of interaction terms considering differences in psychotropic drugs use in T0 and T1, according to gender and age. The 3rd research phase used data from the SMAILE project which studied patients from the catchment areas of five public psychiatric services who had at least one admission during 2002, 2007 and 2012. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between longer LOS (≥17 days) and readmission (>1 admission) with the sociodemographic, clinical, and contextual factors under study. Additionally, a Poisson generalised linear model was employed for modelling the expected number of involuntary hospitalisations as a function of the following covariates: gender, age group, marital status, education, employment status, suicide attempt, psychiatric diagnosis, year of evaluation and psychiatric service. Results: In the 1st phase the main findings were that 1) periods of economic crisis are linked to an increase in seeking general help for mental health problems, with conflicting results regarding the changes in the use of specialised psychiatric care; 2) these periods are associated with a higher use of psychotropic drugs and an increase in hospital admissions for mental disorders, with mixed evidence on the use of mental health care specifically due to suicide behaviour. In the 2nd phase the main findings were that 1) the majority of participants (65.4%) with a mental disorder did not receive treatment; 2) the most important determinant of the use of health services was the presence of a mood disorder, followed by disability, while single participants and those with basic or secondary education were the ones who least accessed mental health care; 3) attitudinal barriers were the most commonly reported barrier to treatment, followed by low perceived need and structural barriers; 4) attitudinal barriers were more likely among participants with lower levels of education, and less likely among participants with substance use disorders; 5) low perceived need was higher among single people, and lower among those with anxiety and mood disorders; 6) structural barriers were more likely among unemployed participants; 7) after adjusting for age, gender and education, population odds of consuming any psychotropic drugs in 2015/16 were estimated to be 1.5 times higher than in 2008/09 (OR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.13–2.01), particularly for hypnotics/sedatives (OR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.14–2.25); 8) women and older individuals presented higher odds of consuming any psychotropic drugs, but the economic crisis had a disproportionate impact on men and younger individuals. In the 3rd research phase the main findings were that: 1) longer LOS was associated with older age, a diagnosis of psychosis, and compulsory admission; 2) shorter LOS was associated with being married, having a secondary education, having experienced a suicide attempt, having been diagnosed with a substance use disorder and “other mental disorders”, being admitted in 2012, and belonging to the catchment area of two of the psychiatric services evaluated (Hospital de Magalhães Lemos EPE and Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa); 3) higher odds of readmission were associated with being retired, a diagnosis of psychosis, compulsory admission, and belonging to the catchment area of four of the psychiatric services evaluated (Hospital de Magalhães Lemos EPE, Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa, Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca EPE, and Unidade Local de Saúde do Baixo Alentejo EPE); 4) lower odds of readmission were associated with older age and with having secondary or higher education; 5) an increase of involuntary hospitalisations was associated with male gender, secondary or higher education, a psychiatric diagnosis of psychosis, and admission in 2007 and in 2012; 6) a decrease in involuntary hospitalisations was associated with being married or cohabitating, having experienced a suicide attempt, and belonging to the catchment area of three of the psychiatric services evaluated (Hospital de Magalhães Lemos EPE, Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa and Unidade Local de Saúde do Baixo Alentejo EPE). Conclusions: The results of this doctoral thesis confirm the high unmet mental health needs in Portugal, suggest what are the main barriers to care, and identify the subgroups most vulnerable to these barriers and to more severe hospitalisation patterns. This evidence might help to establish priorities for action when we are experiencing a serious economic crisis and there is an urgent need to reduce the mental health care gap. The current momentum of interest in mental health should be an opportunity to invest and improve the use of resources and the organisation of services. Strategies to improve the capacity of the mental health sector to respond to the mental health demands include models of care that are closer to the population, facilitating the early identification of mental health problems and the implementation of integrated and psychosocial interventions. This could be achieved by developing a more robust and widespread network of community-based mental health teams and services, the best solution to enhance continuity of care, to reinforce treatment compliance, to improve support for and collaboration with families, and to improve coordination with primary care and social services. It is also essential to improve help-seeking attitudes by implementing mental health literacy interventions, using digital technologies, and encouraging interpersonal contact with people with mental disorders. Last but not least,people with mental disorders should be engaged in all aspects of mental health care, with the full recognition of their desires and preferences and respect for their human right

Income and mental health

RESUMO: A enorme carga e o sofrimento provocado pelas doenças mentais no mundo tornam imperioso conhecer melhor os seus determinantes. Combater as desigualdades em saude tornou-‐se uma prioridadade de saúde publica, mas e necessário estabelecer as suas vias causais para ser possível implementar intervenções e politicas efetivas. A literatura cientifica tem sugerido a importância dos determinantes sociais na etiologia e evolucao das principais doenças mentais e do suicidio, com especial enfase no papel da desvantagem social. Ainda assim, o papel dos factores psicossociais na saúde mental, e especificamente o papel do rendimento e da sua distribuição não tem sido investigado no meu pais, Portugal. No meu projecto de investigação proponho‐me a estudar se em Portugal existe uma associação entre as doenças mentais e o rendimento absoluto e relativo. Pretendo usar os dados do primeiro inquérito epidemiológico sobre saude mental realizado em Portugal,um inquérito nacional transversal no domicilio que foi conduzido em 2009, integrado no WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium. Nesta tese de mestrado apresento os resultados da minha revisão da literatura Sobre a relação entre oestatuto socio-economico e a saúde mental e esboço uma proposta de pesquisa para continuar a investigar estetema. A evidencia que apresento mostra que a exposição aum vasto leque de riscos psicossociais, como o baixo rendimento, a educação limitada e o estatuto ocupacionalbaixo,aumenta a probabilidade de desenvolver problemas de saúde mental.. As diferencas em saúde seguem um gradiente social, com piores resultados de saúde a medida que a posição na hierarquia social diminui. Tambem sumarizo a literatura sobre o papel do contexto na produção de desigualdades em saúde para alem das características individuais. Tem especial interesse o potencial efeito na saúde do rendimento relativo e a importância da distribuição dos rendimentos como determinante de saude. Finalmente, delineio os possíveis mecanismos através dos quais o estatuto socio-economico contribui para as disparidades em saúde.-------------------ABSTRACT: The enormous burden and suffering from mental disorders worldwide makes it imperative to better understand its determinants. Tackling nhealth inequalities has become a public health priority, but it is necessary to establish their causalpathways in order to implement effective interventions and policies. Scientific literature has suggested the importance of social determinants in the aetiology and course of major mental disorders and suicide, with special emphasis on the role of social disadvantage. Nevertheless, the role of psychosocial factors on mental health, and specifically the role of income and its distribution, has not been researched in my home country, Portugal. In my research project I propose to study whether in Portugal there is an association between mental disorders and absolute and relative income. I intend to use data from the first Portuguese Mental Health Survey, a national cross-sectional household survey that was conducted in 2009, integrated in the WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium. In this masters thesis I present the results of my literature review on the relation between Socioeconomic status and mental health and outline a research proposal to further nvestigate this topic. The body of evidence that I present shows that exposure to a wide range of psychosocial risks, such as low income, limited education, and low occupational status, increases the likelihood of mental health problems. Differences in health follow a social gradient, with worsening health as the position in the social ladder decreases. I also summarize the literature on the role of context in producing health inequalities beyond individual characteristics. Of special interest is the potential health effect of relative income and the importance of income distribution as a health determinant. Finally, I outline the various possible mechanisms for health disparities associated with socioeconomic status

An open-source solution

Correia, R., Vieira, J., & Aparicio, M. (2019). Community radio stations sustainability model: An open-source solution. Radio Journal, 17(1), 29-45. https://doi.org/10.1386/rjao.17.1.29_1Community radio stations are important social-inclusion structures, empowering communities through media access and production, reinforcing their ties with the wider civil society. The free and open-source software movement has been established since the 1980s, founded on the freedom to use, to study, to share and to improve a software’s source code. It focuses on sharing knowledge, enabling action within a community towards a common goal. With millions of projects and market dominance in specific areas of IT, open source is one of the most successful community movements of our time. In this article, we argue that theoretical frameworks and other insights drawn from the open-source movement can be valuable tools for understanding and critically analysing the designated community radio sphere in terms of technology, content creation and community management to provide a sustainable broadcast practice, expanding already-existing inclusive environments and potentiating empowerment through participation.publishe

Tipos de expertise na tomada de decisão política em educação: contribuições de uma discussão teórico-concetual

In this article we present some reflections from a conceptual analysis and discussion that are part of a wider research intending to understand and questioning current ways of expertise in educational policy-making, namely, concerning to the characteristics of the expert actors and the kind of knowledge recognized as valid to legitimize political decisions. Starting from a contextualization of the research interests in the recent (last decades) changes on modes of governance and policy decision-making, we synthesize and try to put in discussion the perspective of some authors, in an approach to the concepts of expert and expertise that take as particular reference the articulations established between these and other concepts, professional fields and nearby spheres of action. Some considerations that have resulted from this analysis indicate an interpretative variability with such amplitude that allows the inclusion of opposite concepts for expert, especially if we consider knowledge formalization level and knowledge specialization level. We also provide some clues about the pertinence of analyzing political decision-making processes through an approach of the expert as a collective figure.En este artigo presentamos las reflexiones producidas en el dominio de la análisis y discusión conceptuales que hacen parte de un investigación más larga que visa comprender e interpelar formas actuales de expertise en la producción de políticas educativas, a saber lo que concierne a las características de los atores que constituyen la figura del expert y los tipos de conocimiento que son reconocidos como válidos para legitimar las decisiones políticas. Empezando por una contextualización de los intereses de lo estudio en el contexto de las mudanzas que tienen ocurrido, en las últimas décadas, en los modos de gobernación y de hacer política, revisitamos e intentamos colocar en dialogo perspectivas de algunos autores, dentro de una abordaje a los conceptos de expert y expertise que toma como referencia particular las articulaciones que se establecen entre estos y otros conceptos, mundos profesionales y esferas de acción vecinas. Algunas de las consideraciones que resultan de esta análisis apuntan para una variabilidad interpretativa con tamaña amplitud que permite incluir conceptos opuestos, especialmente si consideramos el grado de formalización y el grado de especialización del conocimiento. Proporcionamos también pistas sobre la pertinencia del análisis de procesos de decisión política a través de un abordaje del expert como figura colectiva.Neste artigo apresentamos as reflexões produzidas no domínio da análise e discussão concetuais, que fazem parte de uma investigação mais ampla que visa compreender e interpelar formas atuais de expertise na produção de políticas educativas, nomeadamente no que concerne às características dos atores que constituem a figura do expert e aos tipos de conhecimento reconhecidos como válidos na legitimação das decisões políticas. Partindo de uma contextualização do interesse do estudo no âmbito das mudanças que têm ocorrido, nas últimas décadas, nos modos de governação e de fazer política, revisitamos e procuramos colocar em diálogo perspetivas de alguns autores, numa abordagem aos conceitos de expert e de expertise que toma como referência particular as articulações que se estabelecem entre estes e outros conceitos, campos profissionais e esferas de ação vizinhos. Algumas das considerações que resultam desta análise apontam para uma variabilidade interpretativa com uma amplitude tal que permite incluir conceitos opostos, especialmente se considerarmos o grau de formalização e o grau de especialização do saber. Lançamos também algumas pistas sobre a pertinência da análise de processos de decisão política através da abordagem do expert enquanto figura coletiva.

Evolution drivers for the higher education teacher

Social and economic studies within the framework of emerging global developments / ed. Muhammed Veysel Kaya and Seda Bayrakdar. - Lausanne : Peter Lang, 2023. - V. 3. - ISBN 978- 3- 631- 90121- 2. - P. 307-317.Este trabalho foi financiado por fundos nacionais através da FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., no âmbito do projeto «UIDB/04005/2020.

Influence of nutrient availability on drought-induced changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in sunflower leaves

We aimed to evaluate if plants with different nutrient availability evidenced a different capacity to overcome drought-induced oxidative stress. Membrane peroxidative damages as MDA concentration and the activity of several antioxidant enzymes were determined in leaves of well watered (WW) and water stressed (WS) H. annuus plants grown either with adequate (Adeq Nutr) or limited (Limit Nutr) nutrient regimes. Constitutive capacity to eliminate ROS was not overall changed by growing plants with different nutrient supply regimes, but a diverse enzyme-dependent response was observed. In response to drought SOD and DHAR activity increased only in plants with limited nutrient supply, while in plants with adequate nutrient supply the activity of these enzymes did not change and were constitutively higher, but the activity APX increased by 50%. The subtle observed changes in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes are discussed, given that no oxidative damage was observed