Distribution And Adsorption of Mercury in Abandoned Mines in The Laberinto - Tambopata -Puerto Maldonado Sector

The study was conducted in the Laberinto Sector. It determined the distribution and adsorption capacity of mercury in the soil, how the physical-chemical characteristics of the soil influence the adsorption, and the entry of mercury into the vegetation. An area of 20 km2 was studied, applying the Soil Sampling Guide of the Ministry of the Environment, using the Circular Grid sampling, obtaining 4 Quadrants (A, B, C, and D) with 8 sectors, extracting a total of 33 samples, with 17 samples for physical-chemical study. For the vegetation samples, it was based on the Inventory Guide of Flora and Vegetation of the Ministry of the Environment, obtaining a total of 21 samples. The concentration of mercury in soil and vegetation samples was analyzed in the laboratory by atomic adsorption analysis, and the adsorption capacity was obtained by the Langmuir Isotherm formula. As a result, the distribution of mercury concentration is not homogeneous in the study area, and the concentration of mercury in the soil does not exceed the Environmental Quality Standards of the Peruvian Ministry of the Environment but does exceed the standards of the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP). The adsorption capacity of mercury decreases as the mercury concentration increases, being fundamental to the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil in the entry of mercury into the plants. The concentration of mercury in vegetation exceeds the maximum standards allowed by the European Union Commission by Regulation

The student's socio-cultural environment: A determining factor in didactics for learning a foreign language in basic education in Colombia.

El propósito de este documento es motivar a los involucrados en el diseño y aplicación de la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras en Colombia a buscar vías que permitan una optimización del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras en el país, a través de la contextualización didáctica, que considere la cultura, el desarrollo personal y social de los estudiantes de primaria del país. Entre los hallazgos de este documento se puede mencionar el impacto de la inequidad económica y los antecedentes culturales del país en la educación primaria bilingüe en Colombia que se evidencia en los últimos resultados de las evaluaciones internacionales; la organización de la educación colombiana y cómo los recursos docentes y la fuerza laboral docente inciden en el proceso de bilingüismo en el país, en comparación con los dos países mejor clasificados según los estándares del Programa Internacional de Evaluación de Alumnos. Se abordan igualmente temas como la didáctica desde lo general y lo particular, algunos aspectos del aprendizaje de la lengua extranjera y la segunda lengua en el contexto colombiano, así como la relevancia didáctica en el aprendizaje de lenguas en Colombia; y la importancia del equilibrio entre contenido, contextualización y estándares internacionales, en la aplicación didáctica para el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras en Colombia. Las conclusiones de este documento nos invitan a adoptar una perspectiva del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la lengua extranjera en el país que nos permita aprovechar los elementos didácticos en un punto de vista local con proyección internacional. Finalmente, la respuesta a la pregunta de indagación propuesta busca continuar motivando a todos los involucrados en el campo de la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras en Colombia a reflexionar sobre los métodos, materiales, contexto, rol del docente y preconceptos de los estudiantes para lograr una optimización del aprendizaje del inglés en los estudiantes de primaria haciéndolo significativo y ajustado a su realidad y también a estándares internacionales.The purpose of this document is to motivate those involved in the design and application of the teaching of foreign languages in Colombia to seek ways that allow an optimization of the teaching-learning process of foreign languages in the country, through the didactic contextualization, that considers the culture, personal and social development of primary school students in the country. Among the findings of this document can be mentioned the impact of economic inequity and cultural background of the country on bilingual basic education in Colombia which is evident in the latest results of the international assessments. The organization of Colombian education, the teaching resources, and the teaching workforce affect the process of bilingualism in the country when compared with the two highest-ranked educated countries according to the standards of the International Program for Student Assessment. Likewise, the didactic, from the general and particular aspects of the learning of the foreign language and the second language in the Colombian context as well as the investigation of the didactic relevance in the learning of languages in Colombia, is addressed. Finally, the importance of the balance between content, contextualization, and international standards in the didactic application for learning foreign languages in Colombia is also considered. The conclusions of this document invite us to adopt a perspective of the teaching-learning process of the foreign language in the country allowing us to take advantage of the didactic elements from a local standpoint with international projection. Finally, this study seeks to continue motivating all those involved in the field of foreign language teaching in Colombia to reflect on the methods, materials, context, role of the teacher, and preconceptions of the students to achieve an optimization of the learning of English in the primary school students, making it meaningful and adjusted to their reality and international standards

The Past in the Present . Looking Inside Collective Reincorporation of FARC-EP Ex-Members

In 2016, the Colombian government signed the peace agreement with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia-People’s Army (FARC-EP) and aimed to reintegrate more than 13,000 ex-combatants into society based on a collective reincorporation approach. This approach promotes alternatives for social, economic and political reincorporation beyond Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR) standards by valuing the ex-combatants’ legacy in conflict times. This research aims to analyse under a sociological micro-perspective the meanings, transitions, dimensions and relationships around collective reincorporation. Instead of focusing on a single dimension on reintegration, I analyse how these dimensions are present and interact in FARC-EP ex-members everyday practices. I discuss the influence that former comrades, families, surrounding communities and institutions have on the configuration of ex-combatants’ legacy, identity, social capital, concept of citizenship and agency. Based on a trans-local perspective, I use a multi-sited ethnography approach to make an in-depth analysis of the everyday life of FARC-EP ex-members and their commonalities beyond geographical boundaries in three territories in which they are collectively settled. I find that the building of relationships among FARC-EP ex-members and the use of their agency contribute in not just their reincorporation process, but also in the transformation of the social, political and economic dynamics of their surroundings. I conclude by saying that the social visibility of FARC-EP ex-members becomes an alternative to increase local agency, and a valuable strategy to break the divide between past and present trajectories. Therefore, collective reincorporation is an approach to social transformation in which FARC-EP ex-members through their collective initiatives, become visible agents of change in peacebuilding

Effects of ionic concentration dynamics on neuronal activity

Neuronen sind bei der Informationsübertragung des zentralen Nervensystems von entscheidender Bedeutung. Ihre Aktivität liegt der Signalverarbeitung und höheren kognitiven Prozessen zugrunde. Neuronen sind in den extrazellulären Raum eingebettet, der mehrere Teilchen, darunter auch Ionen, enthält. Ionenkonzentrationen sind nicht statisch. Intensive neuronale Aktivität kann intrazelluläre und extrazelluläre Ionenkonzentrationen verändern. In dieser Arbeit untersuche ich das Wechselspiel zwischen neuronaler Aktivität und der Dynamik der Ionenkonzentrationen. Dabei konzentriere ich mich hauptsächlich auf extrazelluläre Kalium- und intrazelluläre Natriumkonzentrationen. Mit Hilfe der Theorie dynamischer Systeme zeige ich, wie moderate Änderungen dieser Ionenkonzentrationen die neuronale Aktivität qualitativ verändern können, wodurch sich möglicherweise die Signalverarbeitung verändert. Dann modelliere ich ein leitfähigkeitsbasiertes neuronales Netzwerk mit Spikes. Das Modell sagt voraus, dass eine moderate Änderung der Konzentrationen, die einen Mikroschaltkreis von Neuronen umgeben, die Leistungsspektraldichte der Populationsaktivität verändern könnte. Insgesamt unterstreicht diese Arbeit die Bedeutung der Dynamik der Ionenkonzentrationen für das Verständnis neuronaler Aktivität auf langen Zeitskalen und liefert technische Erkenntnisse darüber, wie das Zusammenspiel zwischen ihnen modelliert und analysiert werden kann.Neurons are essential in the information transfer mechanisms of the central nervous system. Their activity underlies both basic signal processing, and higher cognitive processes. Neurons are embedded in the extracellular space, which contains multiple particles, including ions which are vital to their functioning. Ionic concentrations are not static, intense neuronal activity alters the intracellular and extracellular ionic concentrations which in turn affect neuronal functioning. In this thesis, I study the interplay between neuronal activity and ionic concentration dynamics. I focus specifically on the extracellular potassium and intracellular sodium concentrations. Using dynamical systems theory, I illustrate how moderate changes in these ionic concentrations can qualitatively change neuronal activity, potentially altering signal processing. I then model a conductance-based spiking neural network. The model predicts that a moderate change in the concentrations surrounding a microcircuit of neurons could modify the power spectral density of the population activity. Altogether, this work highlights the need to consider ionic concentration dynamics to understand neuronal activity on long time scales and provides technical insights on how to model and analyze the interplay between them

Challenges Veterans Encounter Receiving or Seeking Mental Health Services

The goal of this research was to identify the challenges U.S. Veterans faced when accessing mental health services within the Veterans Affairs (V.A.) Healthcare System. The V.A. serves approximately six million U.S. military veterans annually and is considered a leader in providing high-quality care in the USA. Despite the V.A.\u27s efforts to improve its patient care system, many veterans do not seek treatment or follow through with mental health services. The study found that participants had difficulty getting appointments with V.A. mental health services. When they did, the appointments were usually convenient and took place as scheduled. While some participants were satisfied with V.A. services, others preferred outside providers because they were easier to access. Participants who did not seek mental health services felt they did not need them but would be more likely to seek them if the process were simplified. The main challenges preventing participants from seeking services were appointments being scheduled too far in advance, societal stigma, and potential obstacles from leadership. Many participants believed that seeking help would make them appear weak and that their peers would have less confidence. Talking about mental health was difficult for many, and they feared it could negatively impact their careers

Contribution to the floristic knowledge of the Eastern Chaco, Formosa province, Argentina

El sureste de la provincia de Formosa integra parte de la Región del Chaco Oriental, caracterizada por una gran heterogeneidad ambiental, donde se mezclan componentes leñosos y pastizales. Esta característica compleja está vinculada con las formas del paisaje, la cual, es el resultado de la dinámica aluvional durante el Pleistoceno-Holoceno y de la migración de los cinturones fluviales de los principales ríos. En esta contribución se analiza la composición florística de las comunidades dentro del Departamento de Laishi (Formosa), con la finalidad de establecer la composición y variabilidad de sus elementos. A través datos de campo, de herbario y bibliográficos se encontraron 625 especies, donde predominan las familias de Asteraceae, Poaceae y Fabaceae. Se establecieron las siguientes unidades de vegetación: selvas, bosques, palmares, arbustales, pastizales mesófilos, pastizales hidrófilos y esteros/lagunas, donde predominaron las selvas y pastizales hidrófilos. Sobre la información obtenida de imágenes satelitales, se analizó la distribución espacial de la vegetación según la altura topográfica de preferencia, resaltando la presencia de las comunidades arbóreas. Las especies chaqueñas fueron encontradas conviviendo en muchos casos con componentes selváticos amazónicos (Yungas y Paranaense).The southeastern of Formosa province integrates part of the Oriental Chaco, characterized by a great environmental heterogeneity, where woody components and grassland are mixed. This complex characteristic is linked to the forms of the landscape, which it is the result of alluvial dynamics during the Pleistocene-Holocene and of the migration of fluvial belts of principal rivers. In this contribution, the floristic composition of different communities of Laishi (Formosa) is analyzed, in order to establish the composition and variability of its elements. For this, species collected near the town, herbarium and bibliography data showed the presence of 625 species, where Asteraceae, Poaceae and Fabaceae families were predominated. There are different vegetation units: forests, palms, shrubs, mesophyte and hydrophyte grasslands, and marshes, where forests and hydrophyte grasslands are dominated. Spatial distribution of the vegetation was analyzed according to the topographic height preference, especially the distribution of tree communities. This information was obtained from satellite images. In addition, Amazon forest components (Yungas and Paranaense) among Chaquenian species were found.Fil: Contreras, Silvina Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agrimensura. Departamento de Biología. Cátedra de Paleontología; ArgentinaFil: Contreras, Félix Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Lutz, Alicia Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agrimensura. Departamento de Biología. Cátedra de Paleontología; ArgentinaFil: Zucol, Alejandro Fabián. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; Argentin

A Rosquinha Econômica (Doughnut Economics) como Indicador de Sustentabilidade: uma Bússola para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Brasil

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado ao Instituto Latino-Americano de Economia, Sociedade e Política da Universidade Federal da Integração Latino- Americana, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Bacharel em Ciências Econômicas – Economia, Integração e Desenvolvimento.A incessante demanda de recursos naturais para satisfação das necessidades materiais da humanidade, combinada com a pouca atenção dada a finitude dos mencionados recursos e as limitações biofísicas do planeta Terra, têm gerado como consequência o Antropoceno, uma nova era geológica marcada pelo impacto da atividade humana que coloca em risco a estabilidade planetária da qual dependem para prosperar como espécie. No intuito de reverter este cenário surge o conceito de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, abrangendo as dimensões sociais, econômicas e ambientais que integram à realidade dos seres humanos, e visa garantir a satisfação das necessidades das gerações atuais, sem comprometer as gerações futuras. Junto com o conceito, têm surgido diversas ferramentas para mensurá-lo e apoiar a formulação das estratégias que permitam o alcance de dito objetivo, entre estas a Rosquinha Econômica (Doughnut Economics), estudada no presente trabalho como indicador de desenvolvimento sustentável, analisando a estrutura da ferramenta e sua adaptabilidade ao cenário brasileiro. A análise, no sentido estrutural, foi realizada através da perspectiva da Teoria de Sistemas e a abordagem sistémica da sustentabilidade proposta por Hartmut Bossel (1999), enquanto a adaptação para o Brasil representa um primeiro esboço de uma Rosquinha Econômica Brasileira. O trabalho se configura como uma pesquisa bibliográfica-experimental, ao se basear inicialmente numa ampla revisão da literatura relacionada a indicadores de sustentabilidade, complementada empiricamente através da elaboração e quantificação da Rosquinha Econômica para o Brasil, sendo para isso necessário a reformulação dos indicadores ilustrativos (de uma escala global para uma escala nacional) e a substituição de indicadores, metas e fontes de dados que não fossem efetivos para avaliação do desenvolvimento sustentável brasileiro. A partir desta investigação foi possível comprovar a contribuição pratica que a Rosquinha Econômica traz para avaliação da sustentabilidade, através de uma estrutura que permite observar o mundo como um sistema socioambiental, capturando os principais aspectos necessário para o desenvolvimento sustentável, apresentando o estado da situação numa linguagem comum e didática que democratiza o acesso à informação para todos os stakeholders. Quando analisada sob a abordagem sistémica postulada por Bossel (1999), a estrutura responde à avaliação da satisfação dos orientadores básicos do sistema de desenvolvimento sustentável, embora possua limitações específicas, principalmente com relação ao volume de indicadores e ao uso de indicadores de estado e não dinâmicos. No que a adaptação brasileira se refere, foi possível constatar que três indicadores sociais e um indicador ambiental já estão posicionados dentro do espaço justo e seguro que se propõe como desenvolvimento sustentável, assim mesmo, outros dois indicadores sociais estão muito próximos à meta estipulada para estes. No entanto, existem ainda 18 privações sociais a ser superadas e pelo menos três excessos ecológicos que precisam ser reduzidos. A partir desta monografia, recomenda-se a realização de pesquisas complementares para aprofundar o estudo e aprimoramento dos indicadores que compõe o framework da Rosquinha Econômica, através da articulação com instituições e equipes multidisciplinares

Loss of sales due to incorrect forecasting of demand

The main objective is to gather and document the information about the solution process a Mexican company followed. The problem was the loss of sales due to a forecasting error in demand. The company determined a supposition of what they thought was the cause to their problem was forecasting error in demand. There are different methods and techniques that can be used in solving such problem. They performed different stages of a known methodology, known as Total Quality Management. This methodology requires to measure, calculate, evaluate, plan and improve processes or tools in order to achieve, the set goal. In the end, results were very positive, although the use of a more robust forecasting method was necessary to be more successful

Estudio de caso proyecto de fortalecimiento de capacidades asociativas por medio de Negocios Inclusivos desarrollado en El Carmen de Bolívar por parte de la Fundación Crecer en Paz

81 páginasEl presente estudio de case se concentra en el proyecto de fortalecimiento de capacidades asociativas por medio de Negocios Inclusivos desarrollado par la Fundación Crecer en Paz, creada par iniciativa del Grupo Argos. Este proyecto tiene lugar en el municipio de El Carmen de Bolívar, departamento de Bolívar, Colombia, en la región de Montes de María que entre marzo de 2014 y julio de 2016, desarrollo cultivos frutales de mango, frijol, ajonjolí, proyectos apícolas, arboles maderables y proyectos ganaderos, todos con comercialización asegurada, con una vinculación de 407 familias pertenecientes a la Base de la Pirámide algunas sin tierras propias. La investigación, de corte cualitativo, permitió identificar, que los Negocios Inclusivos impulsados en zonas de posconflicto, pueden aportar a la construcción de paz y mantener un vínculo de mutuo beneficio, mientras exista la suma de acciones por parte de los actores clave presentes en el territorio: campesinos, empresas privadas, organizaciones de la sociedad civil e instituciones estatales, liderados por una organización articuladora, esta construcción se ve representada en transformaciones en las formas de relacionamiento social, en la capacidad de trabajar asociativamente, y en la búsqueda de un desarrollo socio-económico come modelo de negocio.This study case document, systematize and value the experience in the light of theories on Corporate Social Responsibility and peace building. The investigation, a qualitative one, allowed to identify, among others, that inclusive business driven in post conflict areas, can contribute to peace building and to keep a mutual benefit agreement, meanwhile it exists the communion of actions from several key actors in the territory: farmers, private companies, civil society organizations and government institutions, led by a coordinator organism, in this case the Crecer en Paz Foundation. This communion of actions might be seen in networking transformations, in the ability of team working and in the seeking of social-economic development as a business model. Throughout the study case it was observed that inclusive business does not guarantee necessarily success or profitability. In fact, external factors such as climatic changes (El Nino and La Nina phenomena) can represent a risk to both the allied company and the producers, resulting in a business relationship with sharing of losses. Nevertheless, these business relationships end in a good scenario to contribute to the strengthen o reconstruction of social weave and thus offer other benefits that far exceed the merely economic.Magíster en Responsabilidad Social y SostenibilidadMaestrí