Update on the correlation of the highest energy cosmic rays with nearby extragalactic matter

Data collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory through 31 August 2007 showed evidence for anisotropy in the arrival directions of cosmic rays above the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuz'min energy threshold, \nobreak{$6\times 10^{19}$eV}. The anisotropy was measured by the fraction of arrival directions that are less than $3.1^\circ$ from the position of an active galactic nucleus within 75 Mpc (using the V\'eron-Cetty and V\'eron $12^{\rm th}$ catalog). An updated measurement of this fraction is reported here using the arrival directions of cosmic rays recorded above the same energy threshold through 31 December 2009. The number of arrival directions has increased from 27 to 69, allowing a more precise measurement. The correlating fraction is $(38^{+7}_{-6})$, compared with $21$ expected for isotropic cosmic rays. This is down from the early estimate of $(69^{+11}_{-13})$. The enlarged set of arrival directions is examined also in relation to other populations of nearby extragalactic objects: galaxies in the 2 Microns All Sky Survey and active galactic nuclei detected in hard X-rays by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope. A celestial region around the position of the radiogalaxy Cen A has the largest excess of arrival directions relative to isotropic expectations. The 2-point autocorrelation function is shown for the enlarged set of arrival directions and compared to the isotropic expectation.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics on 31 August 201

Advanced functionality for radio analysis in the Offline software framework of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The advent of the Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) necessitates the development of a powerful framework for the analysis of radio measurements of cosmic ray air showers. As AERA performs "radio-hybrid" measurements of air shower radio emission in coincidence with the surface particle detectors and fluorescence telescopes of the Pierre Auger Observatory, the radio analysis functionality had to be incorporated in the existing hybrid analysis solutions for fluoresence and surface detector data. This goal has been achieved in a natural way by extending the existing Auger Offline software framework with radio functionality. In this article, we lay out the design, highlights and features of the radio extension implemented in the Auger Offline framework. Its functionality has achieved a high degree of sophistication and offers advanced features such as vectorial reconstruction of the electric field, advanced signal processing algorithms, a transparent and efficient handling of FFTs, a very detailed simulation of detector effects, and the read-in of multiple data formats including data from various radio simulation codes. The source code of this radio functionality can be made available to interested parties on request.Comment: accepted for publication in NIM A, 13 pages, minor corrections to author list and references in v

Search for First Harmonic Modulation in the Right Ascension Distribution of Cosmic Rays Detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory

We present the results of searches for dipolar-type anisotropies in different energy ranges above $2.5\times 10^{17}$ eV with the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory, reporting on both the phase and the amplitude measurements of the first harmonic modulation in the right-ascension distribution. Upper limits on the amplitudes are obtained, which provide the most stringent bounds at present, being below 2% at 99% $C.L.$ for EeV energies. We also compare our results to those of previous experiments as well as with some theoretical expectations.Comment: 28 pages, 11 figure

Depth Of Maximum Of Air-shower Profiles At The Pierre Auger Observatory. I. Measurements At Energies Above 1017.8ev

901

Response Of The Resting Metabolic Rate After 16 Weeks Of Resistance Training In Postmenopausal Women

Introduction: The physical changes from menopause such as decrease in lean mass (LM), growth and redistribution of body fat and decrease in resting energy expenditure, contribute to the increase in body size and subsequent increase in total body mass. Accordingly, the recognized benefits of resistance training (RT) are not only linked to increased strength and muscle hypertrophy, but also to body composition and consequently to the resting metabolic rate (RMR). Objective: To evaluate the RMR response after 16 weeks of RT in postmenopausal women. Methods: 28 female volunteers subdivided into two groups participated in the study: training (TG n = 17) and control (CG n = 11). The RT program was conducted in three weekly sessions, on alternate days and lasted approximately 60 min/session during 16 weeks. Load intensity was determined by means of target area of maximum repetitions, with weekly load readjustment. The oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2), using open circuit indirect calorimetry was used to calculate the RMR according to Weir equation (1949). Statistical analysis: statistical package Bioestat, version 5.0, with a significance level of p <0.05 was used. Results: There was significant increase of the LM values and muscle strength in TG only. No significant differences were found for the RMR values after intervention for both groups. Conclusion: The RT program of 16 weeks was effective in promoting changes in body composition and muscle strength in postmenopausal women; nevertheless, there was not change in RMR after intervention.175350353Jovine, M.S., Buchalla, C.M., Santarém, E.M.M., Santarém, J.M.S., Aldrighi, J.M., Efeito do treinamento resistido sobre a osteoporose, após a menopausa: Estudo de atualização (2006) Epidemiol, 9, pp. 493-505Janssen, I., Heymsfield, S.B., Ross, R., Low relative skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) in older persons is associated with functional impairment and physical disability (2002) J Am Geriatr Soc, 50, pp. 889-896Sternfeld, B., Bhat, A.K., Hua, W., Sharp, T., Quesenberry, C.P., Menopause, physical activity, and body composition/ fat distribution in midlife women (2005) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 37, pp. 1195-1202NCEP executive summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) (2001) JAMA, 285, pp. 2486-2497Hunter, G.R., McCarthy, J.P., Bamman, M.M., Effects of resistance training on older adults (2004) Sports Med, 34, pp. 329-348Silva, C.M., Gurjão, A.L.D., Ferreira, L., Gobbi, L.T.B., Gobbi, S., Efeito do treinamento com pesos, prescrito por zona de repetições máximas, na força muscular e composição corporal em idosas (2006) Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum, 8, pp. 39-45Maesta, N., Nahas, E.A.P., Nahas-Neto, J., Orsatti, F.L., Fernandes, C., Traiman, P., Burini, R.C., Effects of soy protein and resistance exercise on body composition and blood lipids in postmenopausal women (2007) Maturitas, 56, pp. 350-358Bocalini, D.S., Serra, J.S., Santos, L., Murad, N., Levy, R.F., Strength training preserves the bone mineral density of postmenopausal women without hormone replacement therapy (2009) J. Aging Health, 21, pp. 519-527Trevisan, M.C., Burini, R.C., Metabolismo de repouso de mulheres pós-menopausadas submetidas a programa de treinamento com pesos (hipertrofia) (2007) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 13, pp. 133-137Heyward, V.H., Stolarczyk, L.M., (2000) Avaliação da Composição Corporal Aplicada, , 10Edição. São Paulo: ManoleJackson, A.S., Pollock, M.L., WARD. Generalized equations for predicting body density of women (1980) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 12, pp. 175-182Siri, W.E., Body composition from fluid spaces and density (1961) Techniques for measuring body composition, pp. 223-244. , In: Brozek J, Henschel A., Washington, DC: National Academy of ScienceGuedes, D.P., Guedes, J.E.R.P., (2006) Manual prático para avaliação em educação física, , Barueri: ManoleClarke, D.H., Adaptations in strength and muscular endurance resulting from exercise (1973) Exercise Sports Sci Rev, pp. 73-102. , In: Wilmore JH (editor), New York, Academic PressDias, R.M.R., Cyrino, E.S., Salvador, E.P., Caldeira, L.F.S., Fábio Yuzo, N.F.Y., Papst, R.R., Influência do processo de familiarização para avaliação da força muscular em testes de 1-RM (2005) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 11, pp. 34-38Weir, J.B., New methods for calculating metabolic rate with especial references to protein metabolism (1949) J Physiol, 62, pp. 20-27Position stand: Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults (2002) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 34, pp. 364-380. , ACSM-American College of Sports MedicineBird, S.P., Tarpenning, K.M., Marino, F.E., Designing resistance training programmes to enhance muscular fitness. A review of the acute programme variables (2005) Sports Med, 35, pp. 841-851Byrne, H.K., Wilmore, J.H., The relationship of mode and intensity of training on resting metabolic rate in women (2001) Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 11, pp. 1-14Luhrmann, P.M., Herbert, B.M., Neuhauser-Berthold, M., Effects of fat mass and body composition on resting metabolic rate in the elderly (2001) Metabolism, 50, pp. 972-975Antunes, H.K.M., Hanna, K.M., Santos, R.F., Boscolo, R.A., Bueno, O.F.A., Mello, M.T., Análise da taxa metabólica basal de idosos do sexo masculino antes e seis meses após exercícios de resistência (2005) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 11, pp. 71-75Foreaux, G., Pinto, K.M.C., Dâmaso, A., Efeito do consumo excessivo de oxigênio após exercício e da taxa metabólica de repouso no gasto energético (2006) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 12, pp. 393-398Aubertin-Leheudre, M., Goulet, E.D.B., Dionne, I.J., Enhanced rate of resting energy expenditure in women using hormone replacement therapy: Preliminary results (2008) J Aging Physical Activity, 16, pp. 53-60Day, D.S., Gozansky, W.S., Van Pelt, R.E., Schwarts, R.S., Kohrt, W.M., Sex hormones suppression reduces resting energy expenditure and β-adrenergic support of resting energy expenditure (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metabolism, 90, pp. 3312-3317Armellini, F., Zamboni, M., Mino, A., Bissoli, L., Micciolo, R., Bosello, O., Postabsorptive resting metabolic rate and thermic effect of food in relation to body composition and adipose tissue distribution (2000) Metabolism, 149, pp. 6-10Lemmer, J.T., Ivey, F.M., Ryan, A.S., Martel, G.F., Hurlbut, D.E., Metter, J.E., Effect of strength training on resting metabolic rate on physival activity: Age and gender comparisons (2001) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 33, pp. 532-541Tataranni, P.A., Ravussin, E., Variability in metabolic rate: Biological sites of regulation (1995) Int J Obes, 19, pp. S102-S106Dionne, I.J., Mélançon, M.O., Brochu, M., Ades, P.A., Poelhman, E.T., Age-related differences in metabolic adaptations following resistance training in women (2004) Experimental Gerontology, 39, pp. 133-138Rothenberg, E.M., Bosaeus, I.G., Westerterp, K.R., Steen, B.C., Resting energy expenditure, activity energy expenditure and total energy expenditure at age 91-96 years (2000) Br J Nutr, 84, pp. 319-32

Resting Metabolic Rate And Body Composition In Postmenopausal Women [taxa Metabólica De Repouso E Composição Corporal Em Mulheres Na Pós-menopausa]

Objective: The present study evaluated the relationship between resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition of postmenopausal women. Methods: Thirty physically inactive women participated in the study, and their age average was 54,33 ± 5,20 years old. Oxygen consumption was measured by indirect calorimetry after 12 hours of fasting and the values were calculated according to the equation of Weir. Body composition was obtained by the method of skinfolds and the measurement of waist circumference (WC) was used to assess abdominal fat. The linear correlation of Pearson was used to establish correlations between the variables. Results: We found significant correlations of TMR with the CC (0.42) and the lean mass (LM) (r = 0.48). Conclusions: The variables of body composition that can be involved in the determination of the RMR are LM and WC. © ABE&M todos os direitos reservados.536755759Hallal, P.C., Victora, C.G., Wells, J.C., Lima, R.C., Physical inactivity: Prevalence and associated variables in Brazilian adults (2003) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 35 (11), pp. 1894-900Melby, C., Scholl, C., Edwards, G., Bullough, R., Effects of acute resistance on post-exercise energy expenditure and resting metabolic rate (1993) J Appl Physiol, 75 (4), pp. 1847-53Leal, D.B., Fonseca, P.H.S., Implicações na medida de taxa metabólica de repouso em idosos (2007) Rev Bras Nutr Clin, 22 (1), pp. 65-71Aubertin-Leheudre, M., Goulet, E.D.B., Dionne, I.J., Enhanced rate of resting energy expenditure in women using hormone replacement therapy: Preliminary results (2008) J Aging Physi Activ, 16 (1), pp. 53-60Foreaux, G., Pinto, K.M.C., Dâmaso, A., Efeito do consumo excessive de oxigênio após exercício e da taxa metabólica de repouso no gasto energético (2006) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 12 (6), pp. 393-8Nelson, K.M., Weinsier, R.L., Long, C.L., Schutz, Y., Prediction of resting energy expenditure from fat-free mass and fat mass (1992) Am J Clin Nutr, 56 (5), pp. 848-56Antunes, H.K.M., Santos, R.F., Boscolo, R.A., Bueno, O.F.A., Mello, M.T., Análise da taxa metabólica basal de idosos do sexo masculine antes e seis meses após exercícios de resistência (2005) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 11 (1), pp. 71-5Day, D.S., Gozansky, W.S., van Pelt, R.E., Schwarts, R.S., Kohrt, W.M., Sex hormones suppression reduces resting energy expenditure and β-adrenergic support of resting energy expenditure (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metabolism, 90 (6), pp. 3312-7Armellini, F., Zamboni, M., Mino, A., Bissoli, L., Micciolo, R., Bosello, O., Postabsorptive resting metabolic rate and thermic effect of food in relation to body composition and adipose tissue distribution (2000) Metabolism, 149 (1), pp. 6-10Sternfeld, B., Bhat, A.K., Wang, H., Sharp, T., Quesenberry, C.P., Menopause, physical activity, and body composition/fat distribution in midlife women (2005) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 37 (7), pp. 1195-202Janssen, I., Heymsfield, S.B., Ross, R., Low relative skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) in older persons is associated with functional impairment and physical disability (2002) J Am Geriatr Soc, 50 (5), pp. 889-96Choi, J.W., Pai, S.H., Bone mineral density correlates strongly with basal metabolic rate in postmenopausal women (2003) Clin Chimica Acta, 333 (1), pp. 79-84Anderson, E.J., Lavoio, H.B., Strauss, C.C., Hubbard, J.L., Sharpless, J.L., Hall, J.E., Body composition and energy balance: Lack of effects of short-term hormone replacement in postmenopausal women (2001) Metabolism, 50 (3), pp. 265-9Lemoine, S., Granier, P., Tiffoche, C., Rannou-Bekono, F., Thieulant, M.L., Delamarche, P., Estrogen receptor alpha mRNA in human skeletal muscles (2003) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 35 (3), pp. 439-43Hackney, A.C., Muoio, D., Meyer, W.R., The effect of sex steroids hormones on substrate oxidationduring prolonged submaximal exercise in women (2000) Jpn J Physiol, 50 (5), pp. 489-94Luhrmann, P.M., Herbert, B.M., Neuhauser-Berthold, M., Effects of fat mass and body composition on resting metabolic rate in the elderly (2001) Metabolism, 50 (8), pp. 972-5Rankinen, T., Kim, S.Y., Pérusse, L., Després, J.-P., Bouchard, C., The prediction of abdominal visceral fat level from body composition and anthropometry: ROC analysis (1999) Int J Obes, 23 (8), pp. 801-9Wong, S.L., Janssen, L., Ross, R., Abdominal adipose tissue distribution and metabolic risk (2003) Sports Med, 33 (10), pp. 709-26Gibbons, M.D.R., Henry, C.J.K., Ulijaszek, S.J., Lightowler, H.J., Intra-individual variation in RMR in older people (2004) Br J Nutr, 91 (3), pp. 485-9(1988) Anthropometric standardizing reference manual, pp. 55-80. , Lohman TG, Roche AF, Martorell R, editors, Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics BooksJackson, A.S., Pollock, M.L., Generalized equations for predicting body density of women (1980) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 12 (3), pp. 175-82Siri, W.E., Body composition from fluid spaces and density (1961) Techniques for measuring body composition, pp. 223-44. , In: Brozek J, Henschel A, Washington, DC: National Academy of ScienceWeir, J.B., New methods for calculating metabolic rate with especial references to protein metabolism (1949) J Physiol, 62, pp. 20-7Trevisan, M.C., Burini, R.C., Metabolismo de repouso de mulheres pós-menopausadas submetidas a programa de treinamento com pesos (hipertrofia) (2007) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 13 (2), pp. 133-7Sparti, A., Delany, J.P., Bretonne, J.A., Sander, G.E., Bray, G.A., Relationship between resting metabolic rate and the composition of the fat-free mass (1997) Metabolism, 46 (10), pp. 1225-30Bouchard, C., Bray, G.A., Hubbard, V.S., Basic and clinical aspects of regional fat distribution (1990) Am J Clin Nutr, 52 (5), pp. 946-50Tataranni, P.A., Ravussin, E., Variability in metabolic rate: Biological sites of regulation (1995) Int J Obes, 19 (SUPPL. 4), pp. S102-6Kabir, M., Catalano, K.J., Ananthnarayan, S., Kim, S.P., van Citters, G.W., Mk, D., Molecular evidence supporting the portal theory: A causative link between visceral adiposity and hepatic insulin resistance (2005) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 288 (2), pp. 454-61(2001) Third report of the National Institute Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults, (1), p. 3670. , National Institute of Health, (Adult Treatment Panel III). Executive Summary. NIH PublicationsMacera, C.A., Jones, D.A., Yore, M.M., Ham, S.A., Col, H.W., Kimsey, C.D., Prevalence of physical activity, including lifestyle activities among adults (2003) Weekly, 52 (32), pp. 764-

Skeletal Muscle Adaptive Responses to Different Types of Short-Term Exercise Training and Detraining in Middle-Age Men

Introduction Whether short-term, single-mode exercise training can improve physical fitness prior to a period of reduced physical activity (e.g. post-surgery recovery) is not well characterized in clinical populations nor middle-age adults. We investigated skeletal muscle adaptive responses following endurance exercise training (ENT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or resistance exercise training (RET), and a subsequent period of detraining, in sedentary, middle-age men. Methods Thirty-five sedentary, males (39±3 yr) were randomized to parallel groups and undertook six weeks of either ENT (n=12), HIIT (n=12) or RET (n=11) followed by 2.5 weeks of detraining. Skeletal muscle fiber characteristics, body composition, muscle thickness, muscle strength, aerobic capacity, resting energy expenditure and glucose homeostasis were assessed at baseline, and after exercise training and detraining. Results Lean mass increased after RET and HIIT (+3.2±1.6% and +1.6±2.1%, P<0.05). Muscle strength (sum of leg press, leg extension and bench press 1RMs) increased after all training interventions (RET: +25±5%; HIIT: +10±5%; ENT: +7±7%, P<0.05). Aerobic capacity increased only after HIIT and ENT (+14±7% and +11±11%, P<0.05). Type I and II muscle fiber size increased for all groups post-training (main effect of time, P<0.05). Following a period of detraining, the gains in lean mass and maximal muscle strength were maintained in RET and HIIT groups, but maximal aerobic capacity declined below post-training levels in HIIT and ENT (P<0.05). Conclusion Six weeks of HIIT induced widespread adaptations prior to detraining in middle-age men. Exercise training-induced increases in aerobic capacity declined during 2.5 weeks of detraining but gains in lean mass and muscle strength were maintained

Inflammatory Responses After Different Velocities Of Eccentric Exercise

Objective: The present study aimed to verify the indirect markers of muscle damage and inflammatory response following different velocities of eccentric exercise in women. Methods: Nine women performed isokinetic eccentric actions at a slow velocity (Ecc30 group, 23.8 ± 2.0 years; 57.8 ± 7.0 Kg; 1.6 ± 0.5 m) and another ten women performed at high velocity (Ecc210 group, 22.2 ± 3.9 years; 56.4 ± 6.0 Kg; 1.6 ± 0.5 m). Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), range of motion (ROM), upper-arm circumference, muscle soreness, creatine kinase (CK), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured before, immediately after (except CK and cytokines), and 24, 48 and 72 h following exercise. Normalized changes in the variables following exercise were compared between velocities by a mixed model. Results: The Ecc30 demonstrated greater CK activity than the Ecc210 (group vs. time interaction, P< 0.001). A group effect for circumference and ROM (P< 0.001) and a time effect for circumference (P=0.003), ROM (P=0.004), soreness (P< 0.001), TNF-α (P=0.004), IL-6 (P=0.001) and IL-10 (P=0.041) were found. The Ecc30 showed large effect sizes for TNF-α and IL-6 compared to Ecc210, which presented small and moderate effect sizes, respectively. IL-10 showed a moderate effect size for both groups. Conclusions: The velocity of the eccentric exercise does not modulate the systemic anti-inflammatory response, at least for a low number of muscle contractions performed by a small muscle group in women. © 2014-IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.2217784Clarkson, P.M., Hubal, M.J., Exercise-induced muscle damage in humans (2002) Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 81 (11 SUPPL.), pp. S52-S69Conceição, M.S., Libardi, C.A., Nogueira, F.R., Bonganha, V., Gaspari, A.F., Chacon-Mikahil, M.P., Effects of eccentric exercise on systemic concentrations of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin (E2): Comparison between young and postmenopausal women (2012) Eur J Appl Phys-iol, 112 (9), pp. 3205-3213Peake, J.M., Suzuki, K., Wilson, G., Hordern, M., Nosaka, K., Mackinnon, L., Exercise-induced muscle damage, plasma cy-tokines, and markers of neutrophil activation (2005) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 37 (5), pp. 737-745Stupka, N., Lowther, S., Chorneyko, K., Bourgeois, J.M., Hogben, C., Tarnopolsky, M.A., Gender differences in muscle inflammation after eccentric exercise (2000) J Appl Physiol, 89 (6), pp. 2325-2332Hirose, L., Nosaka, K., Newton, M., Laveder, A., Kano, M., Peake, J., Changes in inflammatory mediators following eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors (2004) Exerc Immunol Rev, 10, pp. 75-90Pedersen, B.K., Fischer, C.P., Physiological roles of muscle-derived interleukin-6 in response to exercise (2007) Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 10 (3), pp. 265-271Moldoveanu, A.I., Shephard, R.J., Shek, P.N., The cytokine response to physical activity and training (2001) Sports Med, 31 (2), pp. 115-144Petersen, A.M., Pedersen, B.K., The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise (2005) J Appl Physiol, 98 (4), pp. 1154-1162Smith, L.L., Cytokine hypothesis of overtraining: A physiological adaptation to excessive stress (2000) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 32 (2), pp. 317-331Chapman, D.W., Newton, M., McGuigan, M., Nosaka, K., Effect of lengthening contraction velocity on muscle damage of the elbow flexors (2008) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 40 (5), pp. 926-933Chapman, D., Newton, M., Sacco, P., Nosaka, K., Greater muscle damage induced by fast versus slow velocity eccentric exercise (2006) Int J Sports Med, 27 (8), pp. 591-598Frd, N., Conceição, M.S., Vechin, F.C., Emm, J., Gfc, R., Fazolin, M.A., The effect of eccentric contraction velocity on muscle damage: A review (2013) Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 21, pp. 1-9Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.G., Buchner, A., GPower 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences (2007) Behav Res Methods, 39 (2), pp. 175-191Lavender, A.P., Nosaka, K., Changes in markers of muscle damage of middle-aged and young men following eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors (2008) J Sci Med Sport, 11 (2), pp. 124-131Ugrinowitsch, C., Fellingham, G.W., Ricard, M.D., Limitations of ordinary least squares models in analyzing repeated measures data (2004) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 36 (12), pp. 2144-2148Hopkins, W.G., Spreadsheets for Analysis of Controlled Trials, with Adjustment for a Subject Characteristic (2006) Sportscience, 10, pp. 46-50Chapman, D.W., Newton, M.J., Zainuddin, Z., Sacco, P., Nosaka, K., Work and peak torque during eccentric exercise do not predict changes in markers of muscle damage (2008) Br J Sports Med, 42 (7), pp. 585-591Paddon-Jones, D., Keech, A., Lonergan, A., Abernethy, P., Differential expression of muscle damage in humans following acute fast and slow velocity eccentric exercise (2005) J Sci Med Sport, 8 (3), pp. 255-263Malm, C., Yu, J.G., Exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation: Re-evaluation by proteomics (2012) Histochem Cell Biol, 138 (1), pp. 89-99Yu, J.G., Malm, C., Thornell, L.E., Eccentric contractions leading to DOMS do not cause loss of desmin nor fibre necrosis in human muscle (2002) Histochem Cell Biol, 118 (1), pp. 29-34Kaplanski, G., Marin, V., Montero-Julian, F., Mantovani, A., Farnarier, C., IL-6: A regulator of the transition from neutrophil to monocyte recruitment during inflammation (2003) Trends Immunol, 24 (1), pp. 25-29Steensberg, A., Keller, C., Starkie, R.L., Osada, T., Febbraio, M.A., Pedersen, B.K., IL-6 and TNF-alpha expression in, and release from, contracting human skeletal muscle (2002) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 283 (6), pp. E1272-E1278Pedersen, B.K., Febbraio, M.A., Muscle as an endocrine organ: Focus on muscle-derived interleukin-6 (2008) Physiol Rev, 88 (4), pp. 1379-1406Petersen, A.M., Pedersen, B.K., The role of IL-6 in mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise (2006) J Physiol Pharmacol, 57 (SUPPL. 10), pp. 43-51Tidball, J.G., Inflammatory processes in muscle injury and repair (2005) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 288 (2), pp. R345-R35

Erratum To: Effects Of Eccentric Exercise On Systemic Concentrations Of Pro- And Anti-inflammatory Cytokines And Prostaglandin (e2): Comparison Between Young And Postmenopausal Women

[No abstract available]