A History of Maine Roads 1600 - 1970

A History of Maine Roads 1600 - 1970. State Highway Commission, Augusta, Maine, 1970. Sections: Two Transportation Firsts, Early Roads, The Stagecoach Arrives, Steamboats and Railroads, Better Roads Movement, The Automobile, State Roads, First Highway Commissioner, State Highway Department, State Highway Commission, Patrol Maintenance, Bridge Law, Federal Aid, Highway Finances, World War 1, First Route Markers, Traffic Counts, Snow and Ice Control, Planning Activities, World War 2, The Maine Turnpike, Right of Way, Division Offices, Chairman Full-Time Position, Engineering Tools and Techniques, Engineering Pioneers, The Interstate Program, Roadside Beauty, Highway Safety, Operation of the Department Today.https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/me_collection/1012/thumbnail.jp

Handbook of good practices for participation in Codex Alimentarius meetings.

Índice: 1 Descripción de la organización. 2 Funcionamiento de los comités del CODEX. 3 Procedimientos internos. 4 Documentos del Codex Alimentarius. 5 Proceso de trámites para la aprobación de documentos en el Codex Alimentarius. 6 Cómo prepararse antes de las reuniones? 7 Cómo preparo mis intervenciones para cada punto de agenda? 8 La reunión.Publicado en inglés y español.Este documento es un manuel de buenas prácticas de participación en las reuniones del Codex Alimentarius, el cual presenta una descripción de la organización Codex Alimentarius, sus principios, estructura y la importancia del Codex Alimentarious para el país. Además se presentan los procedimientos internos, como lo son actas, quórum, presentación de propuestas, entre otras. Igualmente presenta los documentos que genera el Codex Alimentarius y cuál es el proceso para la aprobación de documentos de esta organización.This document is a manual of good practices for participation in Codex Alimentarius meetings, which presents a description of the Codex Alimentarius organization, its principles, structure and the importance of Codex Alimentarious for the country. In addition, the internal procedures are presented, such as minutes, quorum, presentation of proposals, among others. It also presents the documents generated by the Codex Alimentarius and what is the process for the approval of documents of this organization

What prevents Finnish women from applying to software engineering roles? A preliminary analysis of survey data

Finland is considered a country with a good track record in gender equality. Whilst statistics support the notion that Finland is performing well compared to many other countries in terms of workplace equality, there are still many areas for improvement. This paper focuses on the problems that some women face in obtaining software engineering roles. We report a preliminary analysis of survey data from 252 respondents. These are mainly women who have shown an interest in gaining programming roles by joining the Mimmit koodaa initiative, which aims to increase equality and diversity within the software industry. The survey sought to understand what early experiences may influence later career choices and feelings of efficacy and confidence needed to pursue technology-related careers. These initial findings reveal that women's feelings of computing self-efficacy and attitudes towards software engineering are shaped by early experiences. More negative experiences decrease the likelihood of working in software engineering roles in the future, despite expressing an interest in the field

A review of floating photovoltaic installations: 2007 2013

[EN] The paper gives a review of the various projects that have been realised in throughout the years. These have all been in enclosed water bodies such as reservoirs, ponds and small lakes. The main motivation for the floating photovoltaic (PV) panels was the land premium, especially for agricultural sites were the land was more valuable for growth of the crops (in these cases, grapes because the sites were wineries). The PV panels of the existing projects are mounted on a rigid pontoon structure and vary between horizontal and tilted installations. Future concepts proposed for marine and large lacusterine sites are envisaged to incorporate laminated thin film PV, which would allow the structure to be flexible and able to yield with the oncoming waves, and submergible arrays, which would be submerged in harsh weather conditions. Interest and research has been developing in this niche field throughout the years and has currently reached the megawatt scale with even bigger plans for the future. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.The author acknowledges the co-operation of Prof. Marco Rosa-Clot from Scienza Industria Technologia (SCINTEC), Dr. Miguel Redon Santafe from the Polytechnic University of Valencia, SPG Solar, Pontili Gallegianti, and Dr. Yuzuru Ueda from the Tokyo Institute of Technology in collaboration with the Japan National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology in providing photographic images of the projects and also details about the installations. The author also would like to acknowledge the support given by MIRARCO in funding their on-going research in floating photovoltaics.Trapani, K.; Redón-Santafé, M. (2015). A review of floating photovoltaic installations: 2007 2013. Progress in Photovoltaics. 23(4):524-532. doi:10.1002/pip.2466S52453223

A GIS model-based assessment of the environmental distribution of g-hexachlorocyclohexane in European soils and waters

The MAPPE GIS based multimedia model is used to produce a quantitative description of the behaviour of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH) in Europe, with emphasis on continental surface waters. The model is found to reasonably reproduce γ-HCH distributions and variations along the years in atmosphere and soil; for continental surface waters, concentrations were reasonably well predicted for year 1995, when lindane was still used in agriculture, while for 2005, assuming severe restrictions in use, yields to substantial underestimation. Much better results were yielded when same mode of release as in 1995 was considered, supporting the conjecture that for γ-HCH, emission data rather that model structure and parameterization can be responsible for wrong estimation of concentrations. Future research should be directed to improve the quality of emission data. Joint interpretation of monitoring and modelling results, highlights that lindane emissions in Europe, despite the marked decreasing trend, persist beyond the provisions of existing legislation. An spatially-explicit multimedia modelling strategy was applied to describe the historical distribution of γ-HCH in European soils and surface waters

Factors associated with the donation and non-donation of embryos for research: a systematic review

Background: Systematic knowledge on the factors that influence the decisions of IVF users regarding embryo donation for research is a core need for patient-centred policies and ethics in clinical practice. However, no systematic review has been provided on the motivations of patients who must decide embryo disposition. This paper fills this gap, presenting a systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies, which synthesizes the current body of knowledge on the factors and reasons associated with IVF patients’ decisions to donate or not to donate embryos for research. Methods: A systematic search of studies indexed in PubMed, ISIWoK and PsycINFO, published before November 2013, was conducted. Only empirical, peer-reviewed, full-length, original studies reporting data on factors and reasons associated with the decision concerning donation or non-donation of embryos for research were included. Eligibility and data extraction were performed by two independent researchers and disagreements were resolved by discussion or a third reviewer, if required. The main quantitative findings were extracted and synthesized and qualitative data were assessed by thematic content analysis. Results: A total of 39 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. More than half of the studies (n ¼ 21) used a quantitative methodology, and the remaining were qualitative (n ¼ 15) or mixed-methods (n ¼ 3) studies. The studies were derived mainly from European countries (n ¼ 18) and the USA(n ¼ 11). The proportion of IVF users who donated embryos for research varied from 7% in a study in France to 73% in a Swiss study. Those who donate embryos for research reported feelings of reciprocity towards science and medicine, positive views of research and high levels of trust in the medical system. They described their decision as better than the destruction of embryos and as an opportunity to help others or to improve health and IVF treatments. The perception of risks, the lack of information concerning research projects and the medical system and the conceptualization of embryos in terms of personhood were the most relevant motives for not donating embryos for research. Results relating to the influence of sociodemographic characteristics and reproductive and gynaecological history were mostly inconclusive. Conclusions: Three iterative and dynamic dimensions of the IVF patients’ decision to donate or not to donate embryos for research emerged from this review: the hierarquization of the possible options regarding embryo disposition, according to the moral, social and instrumental status attributed to embryos; patients’ understanding of expectations and risks of the research on human embryos; and patients’ experiences of information exchange and levels of trust in the medical-scientific institutions.This study was partly co-financed through FEDER funding from the Operational Programme Factors of Competitiveness, COMPETE, and through national funding from the FCT, Foundation for Science and Technology (Portuguese Ministry of Education and Science) within the project ‘Health, governance and accountability in embryo research: couples’ decisions about the fates of embryos’ (FCOMP-01-0124- FEDER-014453) and the PhD fellowship SFRH/BD/75807/2011 (to C.S.)

Danish adolescents like their vegetables fresh rather than frozen or canned

Food choices in adolescence usually track into adulthood and are determinants of health outcome later in life. Efforts to promote vegetables consumption (as marker of healthy eating) have been implemented with limited success. Vegetables on top are perishable and their shelf life extended thanks to canning and freezing. The objective of this paper is to identify the influence that familiarity with and liking of vegetables may play in shaping attitudes towards canned and frozen vegetables among Danish adolescents. Ninety school age adolescents participated (57% girls, 15.7 y SD 1.17y). In this sample, majority of respondents were acquainted with vegetables (90%). Most liked vegetables were carrots, green salad, peas and corn. Lower liking levels were reported for squash, cauliflower and green beans. Most respondents showed a more positive attitude towards fresh vegetables rather than towards canned and frozen. Findings have implications for the provision of information through foodservice operations, and for the design of plant-based dishes and menus

An HL7-CDA wrapper for facilitating semantic interoperability to rule-based Clinical Decision Support Systems

The success of Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) greatly depends on its capability of being integrated in Health Information Systems (HIS). Several proposals have been published up to date to permit CDSS gathering patient data from HIS. Some base the CDSS data input on the HL7 reference model, however, they are tailored to specific CDSS or clinical guidelines technologies, or do not focus on standardizing the CDSS resultant knowledge. We propose a solution for facilitating semantic interoperability to rule-based CDSS focusing on standardized input and output documents conforming an HL7-CDA wrapper. We define the HL7-CDA restrictions in a HL7-CDA implementation guide. Patient data and rule inference results are mapped respectively to and from the CDSS by means of a binding method based on an XML binding file. As an independent clinical document, the results of a CDSS can present clinical and legal validity. The proposed solution is being applied in a CDSS for providing patient-specific recommendations for the care management of outpatients with diabetes mellitus.We thank Fagor Electrodomesticos S.Coop for their support and funding in the development of this work, specially to Juan Ramon Inurria and Jorge de Antonio Prieto. We also thank the colaboration from Universidad de Mondragon in the design of the general architecture of the telemedicine system, specially, Felix Larrinaga. This work has been partially supported by the Health Institute Carlos III through the RETICS Combiomed, RD07/0067/2001.Sáez Silvestre, C.; Bresó Guardado, A.; Vicente Robledo, J.; Robles Viejo, M.; García Gómez, JM. (2013). An HL7-CDA wrapper for facilitating semantic interoperability to rule-based Clinical Decision Support Systems. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 109(3):239-249. doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2012.10.003S239249109