Principios de libertad y derecho de la humanidad: la teoría de la justicia de Inmanuel Kant

Tesis doctoral inédita. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departamento de Derecho público. Fecha de lectura: 9-5-9

A portable geometry-independent tomographic system for gamma-ray, a next generation of nuclear waste characterization

One of the main activities of the nuclear industry is the characterisation of radioactive waste based on the detection of gamma radiation. Large volumes of radioactive waste are classified according to their average activity, but often the radioactivity exceeds the maximum allowed by regulators in specific parts of the bulk. In addition, the detection of the radiation is currently based on static detection systems where the geometry of the bulk is fixed and well known. Furthermore, these systems are not portable and depend on the transport of waste to the places where the detection systems are located. However, there are situations where the geometry varies and where moving waste is complex. This is especially true in compromised situations.We present a new model for nuclear waste management based on a portable and geometry-independent tomographic system for three-dimensional image reconstruction for gamma radiation detection. The system relies on a combination of a gamma radiation camera and a visible camera that allows to visualise radioactivity using augmented reality and artificial computer vision techniques. This novel tomographic system has the potential to be a disruptive innovation in the nuclear industry for nuclear waste management

Comparing risk-weighted assets: the importance of supervisory validation processes

Artículo de revistaThis article analyses the problems of using the risk-weighted assets (RWA) density ratio – defined as the ratio of RWA to total assets – to make comparisons across banks, as is frequently done by banks themselves and analysts. An international comparison is made of 16 European banks, based on public information, from which it is concluded that a significant part of the differences in RWA density are a consequence of differences in the type of business involved. In particular, the greater the weight of credit risk in a bank’s balance sheet the higher will be its RWA density. We propose alternative RWA density ratios and illustrate them with the results for Spanish banks using confidential data. We show that public information cannot be sufficiently detailed to enable differences across banks arising from their risk profiles to be distinguished from others attributable, for example, to different interpretations of solvency rules by banks or supervisors. Therefore, the supervisory review process and the progress in its inter-jurisdictional harmonisation are especially important. The paper concludes with a review of the process used by the Banco de España for the supervisory validation of Internal Ratings Based (IRB) approaches for credit risk

La Fundación Triptolemos extiende al mundo universitario los retos del sistema alimentario

La Fundación Triptolemos es una institución internacional, privada e independiente que nace en el 2002 con el objetivo de promover el desarrollo sostenible y equilibrado de los sistemas alimentarios, y contribuir con sus acciones a una alimentación sana, suficiente y sostenible para toda la población, en la que los ciudadanos puedan confiar. El motor del sistema es la actividad empresarial responsable, con base en la ciencia comprobada, la tecnología y el conocimiento. La Fundación Triptolemos define el sistema alimentario en cuatro ejes o áreas intrarrelacionadas e interrelacionadas: 1) disponibilidad y accesibilidad; 2) economía; 3) legislación y regulaciones, y 4) entorno social (Colomer, Y. et al, 2016). Los cuatro ejes tienen que estar en equilibrio para alcanzar un adecuado y óptimo funcionamiento del sistema alimentario global sostenible, alineado con los 17 Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). Si se actúa solo sobre uno o alguno de los ejes, ya sea por interés o por desconocimiento, se desequilibra el sistema, con las graves consecuencias que, como estamos viendo, ello supone.Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::2 - Fam zeroPostprint (published version

Screen time among Spanish university students with disabilities: a self-organizing maps analysis

Abstract Background:Screen time can play a significant role in the health and quality of life of people with disabilities.However, there is a lack of studies on this issue among people with disabilities, and even fewer in the universitysetting. Thus, the aim of our study was to explore the relationships between screen time, disability grade, bodymass index (BMI), physical activity and sociodemographic variables (gender and socioeconomic status) in universitystudents with different disabilities. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 1091 students with disabilities from 55 Spanishuniversities. Instruments used for data gathering were the Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire (ASAQ) andthe International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). A Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) analysis wascarried out to explore the relationships between the variables under study. Results:Participants reported high values in overall screen time (5.45 h per day/week), with computers being themedia most used (2.45 h per day/week). The SOM analysis showed slightly higher screen time values in womenthan men. People with a high disability grade spent less screen time than those with lower disability grade.Contradictory results exist when a group of men with the highest BMI had the highest screen time and the lowestphysical activity (PA) while women with low BMI show the highest screen time and PA. Conclusions:Gender and disability grade played a moderating role in screen time among people with disabilitieswhile BMI and PA do not play such a role. Keywords:Screen, Media, Disability, Adults, SO

Conocimiento y sociedad: una necesidad Declaración de la Fundación Triptolemos sobre las noticias y recomendaciones falsas en el ámbito alimentario

La Fundación Triptolemos tiene el reto de contribuir con sus acciones a optimizar un sistema alimentario global sostenible y equilibrado. Tras una jornada sobre Fake News celebrada en Alimentaria 2018 surgió la iniciativa de promover la “Declaración de la Fundación Triptolemos sobre las noticias y recomendaciones falsas en el ámbito alimentario”, con el objetivo de sensibilizar a la sociedad de sus consecuencias, en defensa de la ciencia y denunciando las noticias falsas y todas aquellas estrategias comerciales que bajo diferentes formas ponen en cuestión el rigor de las normas y la legislación. Denunciamos las noticias falsas y todas aquellas estrategias comerciales que bajo diferentes formas ponen en cuestión el rigor de las normas y la legislación. Carece de fundamento la falta de confianza enla ciencia y su desprestigio en torno a los múltiples aspectos del sistema alimentario global, y afecta negativamente al conjunto de la sociedad divulgar errores sobre contenidos y propiedades de los alimentos, o promover soluciones alternativas sin ningún rigor.Postprint (published version

Population Structure and Growth of the Threatened Pen Shell, Pinna rudis (Linnaeus, 1758) in a Western Mediterranean Marine Protected Area

Coastal ecosystems are being extensively degraded by human activities. Benthic, slow-growing and long-lived species are highly vulnerable to these impacts. Marine protected areas may avoid biodiversity losses through habitat protection. The pen shell Pinna rudis is a protected species, but scarce data are available on its ecology and biology. The present study is a comprehensive ecological study encompassing several unknown aspects of the growth and inner record in relation to habitat types, density and size distribu¬tion. During the summers of 2011, 2012 and 2013, a total of 418 strip transects were conducted by scuba diving in the Marine Pro¬tected Area of Cabrera National Park (39.14° N, 2.96° E). Samples were conducted across different habitats and depths, exploring 152,146.35 m2 in total. A large range of sizes and ages were recorded within the park with densities ranging from 0 to 6.89 ind./100 m2. Most pen shells were patchily distributed and concentrated mainly in caves. Two hotspots represented the highest densities ever recorded worldwide, showing a potential link to high larval accumulation and settlement. The population size structure showed a unimodal distribution with shell width ranging from 6.2 to 25.0 cm, with an average shell width of 16.0 ± 3.4 cm. The absolute growth was asymptotic, with a maximum age of 28-31 years and length of 45 cm. This study on the biology and ecology of a well-established population of Pinna rudis in the Western Mediterranean could set a baseline for the conservation of this species in other areasVersión del editor0,56

Complications of laparoscopic lymphadenectomy for gynecologic malignancies. Experience of 372 patients

Evaluation of lymph nodes is an integral part in the management of women with gynecologic cancers, which is why the pelvic and aortic lymphadenectomy is widely used as a staging and/ or prognostic procedure in such malignancies. The purpose of this study was to describe our experience with pelvic and aortic laparoscopic lymphadenectomy and evaluate the safety and feasibility of this procedure for gynecologic malignancies. From January 2004 to December 2015, a laparoscopic pelvic and/or aortic lymphadenectomy was performed in 372 women at the Department of Gynecology Oncology of the University General Hospital of Castellon and at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Sant Pau and Santa Tecla Tarragona Hospitals. Out of the 372 cases, 240 combined pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomies were performed, while 108 and 24 patients underwent pelvic and aortic lymphadenectomy respectively. The mean operative times were 40 min (20-89) in order to perform a complete pelvic lymphadenectomy, 62 min (21-151) for transperitoneal aortic lymphadenectomy and 45 min (35-65) for a retroperitoneal approach. A conversion to laparotomy was needed in 1.6% of patients. Twenty-three (6.1%) complications were encountered in 372 patients undergoing laparoscopic lymphadenectomy. Nine (2.4%) major complications occurred intraoperatively while fourteen (3.7%) appeared postoperatively. The most frequent intraoperatory complication was vascular injury (1.3%). Laparoscopic lymphadenectomy can be considered a safe and achievable procedure, and could be considered the golden standard procedure for staging gynecologic malignancies