Early and current physical activity: Cross-sectional associations with overweight among adults

Introduction: The health benefits of physical activity in all ages are widely known, however the effects of early physical activity on future health are not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the cross-sectional associations between previous and current physical activity with overweight among adults.Methods: A probabilistic sample of 534 teachers was included in the study. Independent variables were physical activity in childhood, adolescence, and current, and clustering of physical activity through life, all analyzed using a self-report questionnaire. The dependent variable was overweight, estimated by the body mass index, assessed using self-report measures of weight and height. Covariates were sex, age, skin color, income, sedentary behavior, medication use for weight control, and nutritionist counseling. Poisson regression was adopted to estimate Prevalence Ratios (PR) in the multivariate analysis.Results: Physical activity at ages 6-10 (PR=1.03 to 1.13), 12-14 (PR=0.96 to 0.98), and 15-17 (PR=0.76 to 0.90) years was not associated with overweight. Participants who do not meet the recommendation of current physical activity have a higher likelihood of being overweight (PR=1.55 to 2.17) and the magnitude of the association increased when analyzing those who were not physically active through all stages of life (PR=3.69 to 4.69).Conclusion: Performing physical activity only in early life does not seem to promote health benefits in the sample analyzed. Although current physical activity is associated with the outcome, promoting physical activity continuously through lifespan seems to be a better strategy to prevent overweight among adults

Avaliação da potência anaeróbia antes e após o período competitivo em atletas profissionais de futebol

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a potência anaeróbia antes e após o período competitivo em atletas profissionais de futebol. Participaram do estudo 25 atletas do gênero masculino avaliados antes e após o período competitivo. A potência anaeróbia foi avaliada através do teste de corridas de velocidade repetidas (RAST), com o qual foram determinadas a potência máxima (PMAX), potência média (PMED), potência mínima (PMIN) e o índice de fadiga (IF). O teste foi realizado na primeira (PRE) e na ultima (POS) sessão de treinamento do período competitivo, que teve a duração de 20 semanas. Não houve diferença significativa (p>0,05) entre PRE e POS em nenhum dos parâmetros analisados, PMAX (10,70 ± 0,95 vs 10,83 ± 0,87), PMIN (8,48 ± 0,92 vs 8,28 ± 0,76), PMED (9,52 ± 0,83 vs 9,41 ± 0,61) e IF (22,73 ± 7,48 vs 25,53 ± 8,79). Não há alteração significativa na potência anaeróbia após um período competitivo de 20 semanas em atletas profissionais de futebol

Relação dos saltos vertical, horizontal e sêxtuplo com a agilidade e velocidade em crianças

The aim of the present study were: 1) To verify the relationship of vertical, horizontal and sextuple jumps with agility and velocity of 5, 10 and 25 m; 2) To verify the capacity of these jumps to predict the agility and 5, 10 and 25 m velocity performance in children. Twenty eight boys (9.47 ± 0.64 years) and thirty girls (9.69 ± 0.70 years) were evaluated. The correlation values between agility and velocity on 5, 10 and 25 m velocity were, respectively, r = 0.63, 0.51, 0.44 and 0.64 with vertical jump, r = 0.68, 0.62, 0.28 and 0.62 with sextuple jump, and r = 0.60, 0.50, 0.26 and 0.57 with horizontal jump. The vertical and sextuple jumps were able to predict the agility and 25 m velocity performance (p < 0.05). Furthermore, they demonstrated capacity to predict 5 and 10 m velocity, respectively (p < 0.05). The vertical and sextuple jump tests may be used for assessment and control of training with children practicing activities that require agility and velocity, since both jumps predicted the agility and velocity performance, which did not occur with the horizontal jump.Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: 1) verificar a relação dos saltos vertical, horizontal e sêxtuplo com a agilidade e velocidade de 5, 10 e 25 m; 2) verificar a capacidade desses saltos em predizer o desempenho da agilidade e velocidade de 5, 10 e 25 m em crianças. Vinte e oito meninos (9,47 ± 0,64 anos) e 30 meninas (9,69 ± 0,70 anos) foram avaliados. Os valores de correlação entre a agilidade, velocidade de 5, 10 e 25 m foram, respectivamente, r = 0,63, 0,51, 0,44 e 0,64 com o salto vertical, r = 0,68, 0,62, 0,28 e 0,62 com o salto sêxtuplo, e r = 0,60, 0,50, 0,26 e 0,57 com o salto horizontal. O salto vertical e o salto sêxtuplo foram capazes de predizer o desempenho da agilidade e da velocidade de 25 m (p < 0,05). Além disso, demonstraram capacidade de predizer a velocidade de 5 e 10 m, respectivamente (p < 0,05). Os testes de salto vertical e sêxtuplo podem ser utilizados para avaliação e controle do treinamento com crianças praticantes de atividades que demandam agilidade e velocidade, uma vez que ambos os saltos predisseram o desempenho da agilidade e velocidade, o que não ocorreu com o salto horizontal

Questionário Baecke de Atividade Física Habitual

O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a reprodutibilidade do Baecke Questionnaire of Habitual Physical Activity – BQHPA de acordo com o escore geral, dimensões e itens, bem como o possível viés do intervalo de dias sobre a reprodutibilidade. Trata-se de um estudo de reprodutibilidade, parte de uma pesquisa longitudinal sobre comportamentos e indicadores relacionados à saúde, bem como o desempenho escolar de adolescentes (n=205). O intervalo médio entre o teste e reteste foi de 20 (desvio padrão=9) dias. Os índices de reprodutibilidade variaram de moderado a excelente, apenas uma dimensão teve índice regular (k=0,39; 69,7%) e uma questão apresentou diferença significativa (p=0,016) entre o teste e reteste (k=0,56; 78,1%). O intervalo de dias demonstrou baixa correlação com as diferenças obtidas para as questões do BQHPA. O uso do escore geral, por dimensões e dos itens do BQHPA apresentou índices de reprodutibilidade aceitáveis e baixo viés referente ao intervalo de dias

Physiology Responses and Players' Stay on the Court During a Futsal Match: A Case Study With Professional Players

Physiological responses in futsal have not been studied together with temporal information about the players' stay on the court. The aim of this study was to compare heart rate (HR) and blood lactate concentration ([La-]) responses between 1-H and 2-H considering the time of permanency of the players on the court at each substitution in a futsal match. HR was recorded during entire match and [La-] was analyzed after each substitution of seven players. %HRmean (89.61 ± 2.31 vs. 88.03 ± 4.98 %HRmax) and [La-] mean (8.46 ± 3.01 vs. 8.17 ± 2.91 mmol·L-1) did not differ between 1-H and 2-H (ES, trivial-small). Time in intensity zones of 50-100 %HRmax differed only in 60-70 %HRmax (ES, moderate). HR coefficient of variation throughout the match was low (7%) and among the four outfield players on the court (quartets, 5%). Substitutions (2 player's participation in each half), time of permanence on the court (7.15 ± 2.39 vs. 9.49 ± 3.80 min), ratio between time in- and out-ratio on the court (In:Outcourt = 1:1.30 ± 1:0.48 vs. 1:1.05 ± 1:0.55 min) also were similar between 1-H and 2-H (ES, moderate and small, respectively). Balancing the number of substitutions, and the In:Outcourt ratio of players in both halves of the match, playing lower time at 1-H, ~8 min for each participation in the match, made it possible to maintain intensity of the match in 2-H similar to the 1H. These results are a good guidance to coaches and for application in future studies

Using p-Si/BDD anode for the electrochemical oxidation of norfloxacin

[EN] This study evaluated the electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) using boron-doped diamond (p-Si/BDD) anode in the abatement of the antibiotic norfloxacin (NOR). The influence of the applied current density (iapp), initial concentration of NOR, sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) concentration and reactor operation conditions were evaluated. The mechanism of NOR oxidation (direct or indirect) was also studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The results showed that, depending on the iapp, and the NOR and Na2SO4 concentration, the NOR could be oxidized by direct electron transfer, with the carbon-sp2 impurities on the p-Si/BDD surface, and indirect, by persulfate ions (S2O82¿), sulfate (SO4·¿) and/or hydroxyl radicals (HO) electro-generated at the anode surface. When the reactor is operated favoring the electro-generated HO, NOR abatement and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction are simultaneous. Conversely, at the time that the reactor is operated favoring the NOR direct oxidation and by S2O82¿ and SO4·¿, NOR and COD reduction are not parallel leading to high byproducts formation. Therefore, it is important to know the matrix content (organic and sulfate content), for the correct choice of the operational parameters that will lead to a low byproducts formation.The authors thank Cyted, CNPq, CAPES/DGPU project no. 7595/14-0, FAPERGS and FINEP. The authors thank the financial support from MINECO (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Spain) under project CTQ2015-65202-C2-1-R, co-financed with FEDER funds.Wohlmuth Da Silva, S.; Ortega Navarro, EM.; Siqueira Rodrigues, MA.; Moura Bernardes, A.; Pérez-Herranz, V. (2019). Using p-Si/BDD anode for the electrochemical oxidation of norfloxacin. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 832:112-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.10.049S11212083

Analysis of norfloxacin ecotoxicity and the relation with its degradation by means of electrochemical oxidation using different anodes

[EN] In this work, ecotoxicological bioassays based on Lactuca sativa seeds and bioluminescent bacterium (Vibrio fischeri) have been carried out in order to quantify the toxicity of Norfloxacin (NOR) and sodium sulfate solutions, before and after treating them using electrochemical advanced oxidation. The effect of some process variables (anode material, reactor configuration and applied current) on the toxicity evolution of the treated solution has been studied. A NOR solution shows an EC50 (5 days) of 336 mg L-1 towards Lactuca sativa. This threshold NOR concentration decreases with sodium sulfate concentration, in solutions that contain simultaneously Norfloxacin and sodium sulfate. In every case considered in this work, the electrochemical advanced oxidation process increased the toxicity (towards both Lactuca sativa and Vibrio fischeri) of the solution. This toxicity increase is mainly due to the persulfate formation during the electrochemical treatment. From a final solution toxicity point of view, the best results were obtained using a BDD anode in a divided reactor applying the lowest current intensity.The authors are very grateful to the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Projects CTQ2015-65202-C2-1-R and RTI2018-101341-B-C21) for their economic support.Montañés, M.; García Gabaldón, M.; Roca-Pérez, L.; Giner-Sanz, JJ.; Mora-Gómez, J.; Pérez-Herranz, V. (2020). Analysis of norfloxacin ecotoxicity and the relation with its degradation by means of electrochemical oxidation using different anodes. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 188:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109923S110188Banks, M. K., & Schultz, K. E. (2005). Comparison of Plants for Germination Toxicity Tests in Petroleum-Contaminated Soils. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 167(1-4), 211-219. doi:10.1007/s11270-005-8553-4Barreto, J. P. d. P., Araujo, K. C. d. F., de Araujo, D. M., & Martinez-Huitle, C. A. (2015). 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