REATIVAÇÃO DE VOÇOROCAS EM RESPOSTA A MUDANÇA DE USO PASTORIL PARA PLANTIO DE EUCALIPTO EM VALES DE CABECEIRAS ADJACENTES: MÉDIO VALE DO RIO PARAÍBA DO SUL.

Este estudo busca o entendimento dos processos hidrológicos e erosivos associados ao desenvolvimento de canais incisos do tipo voçoroca, conectadas a expansão da rede de canais no domínio dos vales de cabeceiras de drenagem, em resposta a mudanças de uso do solo decorrente da introdução de plantios de eucalipto em antigas áreas de pastagens

Predição De Classes De Solo Por Mineração De Dados Em área Da Bacia Sedimentar Do São Francisco

The objective of this work was to evaluate different strategies for the prediction of soil class distribution on digital soil maps of areas without reference data, in the sedimentary basin of San Francisco, in the north of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The strategies included: Taxonomic generalization, training by field observations, training set expansion, and the use of different data mining algorithms. Four matrices were developed, differentiated by the volume of data for machine learning and by soil taxonomic levels to be predicted. The performance of the machine learning algorithms-Random Forest, J48, and MLP-, associated with discretization, class balancing, variable selection, and expansion of the training set was evaluated. Class balancing, variable discretization by equal frequencies, and the Random Forest algorithm showed the best performances. The representativeness extension of field observations, that assumes a larger training area, brought no predictive gain. Soil taxonomic generalization to the suborder level reduces the fragmentation of mapped polygons and improves the accuracy of digital soil maps. When generated by training on in situ soil observations at the mapping area, digital soil maps are as accurate as those trained on preexistent maps.5191396140

On the mechanisms governing gas penetration into a tokamak plasma during a massive gas injection

A new 1D radial fluid code, IMAGINE, is used to simulate the penetration of gas into a tokamak plasma during a massive gas injection (MGI). The main result is that the gas is in general strongly braked as it reaches the plasma, due to mechanisms related to charge exchange and (to a smaller extent) recombination. As a result, only a fraction of the gas penetrates into the plasma. Also, a shock wave is created in the gas which propagates away from the plasma, braking and compressing the incoming gas. Simulation results are quantitatively consistent, at least in terms of orders of magnitude, with experimental data for a D 2 MGI into a JET Ohmic plasma. Simulations of MGI into the background plasma surrounding a runaway electron beam show that if the background electron density is too high, the gas may not penetrate, suggesting a possible explanation for the recent results of Reux et al in JET (2015 Nucl. Fusion 55 093013)

Velocity-space sensitivity of the time-of-flight neutron spectrometer at JET

The velocity-space sensitivities of fast-ion diagnostics are often described by so-called weight functions. Recently, we formulated weight functions showing the velocity-space sensitivity of the often dominant beam-target part of neutron energy spectra. These weight functions for neutron emission spectrometry (NES) are independent of the particular NES diagnostic. Here we apply these NES weight functions to the time-of-flight spectrometer TOFOR at JET. By taking the instrumental response function of TOFOR into account, we calculate time-of-flight NES weight functions that enable us to directly determine the velocity-space sensitivity of a given part of a measured time-of-flight spectrum from TOFOR

Relationship of edge localized mode burst times with divertor flux loop signal phase in JET

A phase relationship is identified between sequential edge localized modes (ELMs) occurrence times in a set of H-mode tokamak plasmas to the voltage measured in full flux azimuthal loops in the divertor region. We focus on plasmas in the Joint European Torus where a steady H-mode is sustained over several seconds, during which ELMs are observed in the Be II emission at the divertor. The ELMs analysed arise from intrinsic ELMing, in that there is no deliberate intent to control the ELMing process by external means. We use ELM timings derived from the Be II signal to perform direct time domain analysis of the full flux loop VLD2 and VLD3 signals, which provide a high cadence global measurement proportional to the voltage induced by changes in poloidal magnetic flux. Specifically, we examine how the time interval between pairs of successive ELMs is linked to the time-evolving phase of the full flux loop signals. Each ELM produces a clear early pulse in the full flux loop signals, whose peak time is used to condition our analysis. The arrival time of the following ELM, relative to this pulse, is found to fall into one of two categories: (i) prompt ELMs, which are directly paced by the initial response seen in the flux loop signals; and (ii) all other ELMs, which occur after the initial response of the full flux loop signals has decayed in amplitude. The times at which ELMs in category (ii) occur, relative to the first ELM of the pair, are clustered at times when the instantaneous phase of the full flux loop signal is close to its value at the time of the first ELM

Aspectos sócio-econômicos da desnutrição no Brasil Socio-economic aspects of subnutrition in Brazil

Objetiva-se mostrar os fatores sócio-econômicos que têm sido identificados como os principais determinantes da situação nutricional de um país. Conclui-se que a renda é o fator isoladamente mais importante na determinação do estado nutricional, mas uma vez fixada esta variável, outros fatores - tais como extensão do sistema de atendimento de saúde, nível educacional, programa de alimentação - também desempenham um papel relevante. Procura-se avaliar, empiricamente, com base em pesquisas até agora realizadas, quais seriam os determinantes da situação nutricional para o Brasil. Evidencia-se a hipótese, esperada na literatura, de que a renda é o fator mais importante, e, dado esta, também no caso brasileiro surgem como fatores relevantes o acesso a serviços de saúde e saneamento. Em face disto, discutem-se algumas alternativas de uma política de nutrição, mostrando-se a magnitude da redistribuição de renda necessária para cobrir o hiato nutricional e debatendo-se o papel dos programas de alimentação e nutrição, na forma em que foram explicitados no Programa de Prioridades Sociais do atual Governo.<br>It is proposed here to offer a general view of the social and economic factors that have been identified as the main determinants of a country's nutritional situation. The conclusion is reached that income, considered in isolation, is the most important factor in determining the nutritional condition, but once this variable is fixed, other factors such as the extent of the health attendance system, educational level, food and nutrition programs - also play an important part. An attempt is made impirically to decide, which are the determinants of the nutritional situation for Brazil, in the light of previous research. It becomes evident, as the literature leads one to expect that income is the most important factor, and once that is established as true for the case of Brazil too, there also appear as relevant factors ease of access to health services and sanitation. This evidence leads on to the discussion of alternative nutrition policies, showing the magnitude of the redistribution income necessary to cover the nutritional gap and of the role of the meals and nutrition programs, in their latest form (the so called Social Priorities Program, of the present Government)

Characterization of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci and pheno-genotypic beta lactam resistance evaluation in samples from bovine Intramammary infection

ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) species isolated from bovine mastitis, through phenotypic and PCR-RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism-Polimerase Chain Reaction) methods and to compare both techniques to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technique. Among them, the PCR-RFLP method, using a partially conserved sequence of the groEL gene, is a promising alternative, because of its reproducibility and reliability. On the other hand, the proteomic technique MALDI-TOF MS provides an accurate and much faster diagnosis and has been increasingly employed in microbiological identification. The pheno-genotypic profiles of beta-lactam resistance were also investigated, this characterization is important, considering that the use of antimicrobials is a key element for mastitis control in dairy farms. The concordance of the phenotypic, PCR-RFLP and MALDI-TOF MS assays to identify CoNS species was 77,5% (31/40). S. chromogenes was the species most frequently isolated. Antibiotic resistance rate was relatively low, registering values of 25.5% to penicillin, 9.6% to oxacillin and 6.2% to cefoxitin. Resistance to imipenem, cephalotin and amoxicillin+clavulanate was not observed. The mecA gene and its variant were detected in 7.6% and 4,1% of the isolates respectively. The blaZ gene was found in 43.2% of the strains resistant to penicillin