Extended free-form deformation : a sculpturing tool for 3D geometric modeling

Projet SYNTIMCurrent research efforts focus on providing more efficient and effective design methods for 3D modeling systems. In this paper a new deformation technique is presented. Among other things, arbitrarily shaped bump can be designed and surfaces can be bent along arbitrarily shaped curves. The purpose of this research is to define a highly interactive and intuitive modeling technique for designers and stylists. A natural way of thinking is to mimic traditional trades, such as sculpturing and moulding. Furthermore, with this deformation technique, the modeling tool paradigm is introduced. The object is deformed with a user-defined deformation tool. This method is an extension of the Free-Form Deformation (FFD) technique proposed by Sederberg and Parry

Limited genetic exchanges between populations of an insect pest living on uncultivated and related cultivated host plants

Habitats in agroecosystems are ephemeral, and are characterized by frequent disturbances forcing pest species to successively colonize various hosts belonging either to the cultivated or to the uncultivated part of the agricultural landscape. The role of wild habitats as reservoirs or refuges for the aphid Sitobion avenae that colonize cultivated fields was assessed by investigating the genetic structure of populations collected on both cereal crops (wheat, barley and oat) and uncultivated hosts (Yorkshire fog, cocksfoot, bulbous oatgrass and tall oatgrass) in western France. Classical genetic analyses and Bayesian clustering algorithms indicate that genetic differentiation is high between populations collected on uncultivated hosts and on crops, revealing a relatively limited gene flow between the uncultivated margins and the cultivated part of the agroecosystem. A closer genetic relatedness was observed between populations living on plants belonging to the same tribe (Triticeae, Poeae and Aveneae tribes) where aphid genotypes appeared not to be specialized on a single host, but rather using a group of related plant species. Causes of this ecological differentiation and its implications for integrated pest management of S. avenae as cereals pest are discussed

Erros mais comuns e fatores de risco na administração de medicamentos em unidades básicas de saúde Errores mas comunes y factores de riesgo en la administración de medicamentos en las unidades básicas de salud Common errors and risk factors in medicine administration at basic health units

Este estudo identificou e analisou as opiniões de enfermeiros e profissionais de enfermagem sobre os fatores de risco mais comuns à ocorrência dos erros na administração de medicamentos, as conseqüências, intervenções tomadas e medidas que minimizariam essa ocorrência. Para tanto, aplicou-se um instrumento para coleta de dados contendo questões sobre as opiniões de profissionais de enfermagem, atuantes em Unidades Básicas de Saúde de uma cidade do interior paulista. Os resultados indicaram que os fatores de risco associados ao próprio profissional foram a falta de atenção e dificuldade de entender prescrições médicas. As intervenções tomadas estão relacionadas à punição e educação e as propostas para minimizar as ocorrências dos erros foram a orientação e reciclagem dos profissionais envolvidos.<br>Este estudio, de carácter cuantitativo, identificó y analizó los factores de riesgo mas comunes para la aparición de errores durante la administración de medicamentos, las consecuencias y medidas que disminuían la ocurrencia de los mismos, según las opiniones de los profesionales de enfermería de las unidades básicas de salud de una cuidad del interior de São Paulo. Los factores de riesgo asociados al propio profesional fueron la falta de atención y dificultad para entender las prescripciones médicas. Las intervenciones tomadas frente al error fueron el castigo, y la educación. Dentro de las propuestas para disminuir las ocurrencias de errores para este grupo de personas fueron la orientación, y la educación de los profesionales involucrados.<br>The present study identified and analyzed the opinions of nurses and nursing professionals about the more common risk factors regarding errors in medicine administration as well as the consequences, interventions and measures to minimize this problem. Therefore, the authors applied an instrument of data collection with questions on the opinions of the nursing professionals who work at the Basic Health Units from a city of the state of São Paulo. Results showed that the risk factors associated to the professional were lack of attention and difficulty to understand medical prescriptions. The interventions were related to punishment and education and the proposals to minimize the occurrences were orientation and up-date of the involved professionals