16 research outputs found
La clinique externe : comment peut-elle prĂ©tendre aux rĂŽles de porte dâentrĂ©e et de plaque tournante?
Cet article prĂ©sente un survol du plan de transformation des services adoptĂ© en 1998 Ă l'HĂŽpital Louis-H. Lafontaine. Les auteurs prĂ©sentent l'historique, les principes et les modĂšles, le rĂŽle jouĂ© par les cliniques externes ainsi que les dĂ©fis Ă relever par tous, collĂšgues et partenaires, pour mener Ă bien cet immense projet.This article presents an overview of the plan of transformation of services adopted in 1998 at Louis-H. Lafontaine Hospital. The authors present the history, principles and models, the role played by outpatients clinics as well as the challenges related to the implementation of this new plan.Este articulo presenta un sobrevuelo del plan de transformaciĂłn de servicios adoptado en 1998 por el hospital Louis-H Lafontaine. Los autores presentan el histĂłrico, los principios y los modelos. El papel desempeñado por las clĂnicas externas, como tambiĂ©n los desafĂos que se presentan a todos, colegas y aliados, para llevar a cabo y bien, este gran proyecto
Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data
Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome
The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers âŒ99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of âŒ1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead
La pachymĂ©trie cornĂ©enne, intĂ©rĂȘt chez le chien lors de pathologie oculaire
La pachymĂ©trie est la mesure de l Ă©paisseur de la cornĂ©e in vivo . La premiĂšre partie de ce travail prĂ©sente les diffĂ©rentes techniques qui permettent d Ă©valuer l Ă©paisseur de la cornĂ©e. Historiquement, ce sont les pachymĂštres optiques, puis les microscopes spĂ©culaires, et enfin les pachymĂštres Ă ultrasons, particuliĂšrement fiables et adaptĂ©s Ă une utilisation chez l animal, qui ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©s. Actuellement, la mĂ©decine humaine perfectionne de nouvelles techniques : celle de l Orbscan, la tomographie en cohĂ©rence optique, la microscopie confocale La seconde partie explore les variations de pachymĂ©trie par rapport au chien sain, lors de diverses affections oculaires, dans le but de dĂ©terminer l intĂ©rĂȘt de la pachymĂ©trie lors de pathologie oculaire chez le chien. L Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e sur 75 yeux prĂ©sentant une pathologie oculaire cornĂ©enne ou non, appartenant Ă 44 chiens issus de la consultation d ophtalmologie de l ENVA, Ă l aide d un pachymĂštre Ă ultrasons. Il en rĂ©sulte que lors de certaines maladies oculaires, l Ă©paisseur de la cornĂ©e augmente de façon significative chez le chien (certaines KCS, certains ulcĂšres cornĂ©ens, les glaucomes). La variabilitĂ© des rĂ©sultats obtenus pour les KCS et les ulcĂšres cornĂ©ens nous oriente vers un intĂ©rĂȘt portĂ© sur le suivi thĂ©rapeutique plutĂŽt que sur le diagnostic. En revanche, la pachymĂ©trie pourrait ĂȘtre dĂ©terminante pour le diagnostic des glaucomes tout comme pour leur suivi thĂ©rapeutique. Pour d autres affections (dystrophie lipido-calcique, uvĂ©ite, cataracte), il n a pas Ă©tĂ© notĂ© de changement de l Ă©paisseur cornĂ©enne lors de notre Ă©tude. Pour les uvĂ©ites, la gĂ©nĂ©ralisation de nos rĂ©sultats est impossible en raison des conditions mĂȘme de l Ă©tude. Dans le cas des cataractes, il semble que la pachymĂ©trie aurait essentiellement un intĂ©rĂȘt dans le suivi post-opĂ©ratoire.TOULOUSE-EN VĂ©tĂ©rinaire (315552301) / SudocMAISONS-ALFORT-Ecole VĂ©tĂ©rin (940462302) / SudocSudocFranceF
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Study on the remuneration provisions applicable to credit institutions and investment firms
Variable remuneration in credit institutions and investment firms can encourage excessive risk-taking behaviour. The present research investigates the impact of the Capital Requirement Directive and Regulation (CRD IV package) on this type of behaviour. The research shows that the Directive has had a significant effect on risk management. Deferral of variable pay, malus arrangements and a maximum ratio for the variable pay of risk-taking personnel are seen to be effective incentives even at this early stage. Competitive disadvantages with regard to attracting and retaining staff from unregulated sectors could not be verified. Problems have been found with regard to clawback clauses in the context of national employment law. Other problems concern the need for rules that are better adapted to the business scale. The rules work well in the case of big and significant institutions. For small and non-complex institutions, which are less engaged in risky activities and which pay out low amounts of variable remuneration, the relatively high implementation cost of deferral and pay-out in instrument are of concern. Member States have made wide use of exclusions. Regulating the extent, process and identification of such exclusions at the EU-level would further harmonise remuneration policies in the member states.La rĂ©munĂ©ration variable des Ă©tablissements de crĂ©dit et des entreprises d'investissement peut encourager des prises de risques excessives. Cette Ă©tude examine lâimpact de la mise en Ćuvre de la directive et du rĂšglement relatifs aux exigences de fonds propres (CRD IV et CRR). Elle dĂ©montre leurs effets significatifs sur une meilleur gestion des risques. Les rĂšgles de report de la rĂ©munĂ©ration variable, de dispositifs de malus ainsi que du ratio maximal entre les composantes fixes et variables de la rĂ©munĂ©ration totale des preneurs de risques sont considĂ©rĂ©s comme des incitations efficaces, mĂȘme Ă ce stade prĂ©coce. Sans pouvoir vĂ©rifier la pertinence des dĂ©savantages concurrentiels par rapport aux entreprises des secteurs non rĂ©glementĂ©s dans leurs capacitĂ©s Ă attirer et Ă retenir le personnel, des problĂšmes ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s dans lâapplication des dispositifs de rĂ©cupĂ©ration (âclawbackâ) au sein des codes du travail nationaux. Des rĂšgles mieux adaptĂ©es Ă l'Ă©chelle de l'entreprise paraissent nĂ©cessaires car si elles font preuve dâefficacitĂ© de fonctionnement quand elles sâappliquent aux gros Ă©tablissements de portĂ©e significative, elles le sont de façon moindre pour celles de plus petite taille ou de moindre complexitĂ©. Les coĂ»ts relativement plus Ă©levĂ©s pour elles du report de la rĂ©munĂ©ration variable et du paiement en instruments ne correspondent souvent ni avec les risques de leurs activitĂ©s ni avec leurs politiques de rĂ©munĂ©rations avec peu de variable. Les Ătats membres font fort usage dâexclusions, mais la rĂ©glementation de la portĂ©e du processus et de l'identification de celles-ci au niveau europĂ©en permettrait une meilleur harmonisation des politiques de rĂ©munĂ©ration dans les Etats membres
Data from: Why has transparency evolved in aposematic butterflies? insights from the largest radiation of aposematic butterflies, the Ithomiini
Defended species are often conspicuous and this is thought to be an honest signal of defences, i.e. more toxic prey are more conspicuous. Neotropical butterflies of the large Ithomiini tribe numerically dominate communities of chemically-defended butterflies and may thus drive the evolution of mimetic warning patterns. Although many species are brightly coloured, most are transparent to some degree. The evolution of transparency from a warningly coloured ancestor is puzzling as it is generally assumed to be involved in concealment. Here we show that transparent Ithomiini species are indeed less detectable by avian predators (i.e. concealment). Surprisingly, transparent species are not any less unpalatable, and may in fact be more unpalatable than opaque species, the latter spanning a larger range of unpalatability. We put forth various hypotheses to explain the evolution of weak aposematic signals in these butterflies and other cryptic defended prey. Our study is an important step in determining the selective pressures and constraints that regulate the interaction between conspicuousness and unpalatability
Phylogeny of 33 Ithomiini species
Phylogeny of the 33 Ithomiini species used in the study and extracted from the 340 species Ithomiini phylogeny by Chazot et al. (accepted in Global Ecology and Biogeography
Data of transparency & detectability of 33 Ithomiini species, and PA concentration and measures of unpalatability for 10 of these species
1-Average transparency and detectability by avian predators (chromatic & achromatic contrast in just noticeable difference units [JNDs] for UVS- & VS-vision in large gap & forest shade light conditions) for the 33 Ithomiini species of the study. 2-Data for behavioural experiments with chicks to test unpalatability of 10 Ithomiini taxa (indicated in bold red in the first list) are also provided, including the number (& assigned colour ) of experimental pellets attacked at each trial (for a total of 12 trials per chick) for all 6 chicks tested for each butterfly species. 3-PA concentrations (ÎŒg/mg) measured for individual butterflies of the 10 selected taxa are also given