Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting, Southern Soybean Disease Workers (March 12-13, 2008, Pensacola, Florida)

Contents Southern United States Soybean Disease Loss Estimate for 2007. Compiled by SR Koenning Contributed papers (Clayton Hollier, moderator) Effects of Row Spacing and Leaf Wetness on the Temporal and Spatial Spread of Soybean Rust within Soybean Canopies. DF Narváez, JJ Marois, DL Wright, and S Isard Effects of Potassium, Chloride, and Minor Elements Nutrition on Asian Soybean Rust. RW Schneider, EP Mumma, CL Clark, and CG Giles The Impact of Selected Fungicide Treatments on Disease Progress of Asian Soybean Rust and Other Diseases of Soybean. GB Padgett, MA Purvis, A Hogan, and S Martin Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome Variety Testing at Southern Illinois University. C Herzog, C Schmidt, and M Schmidt Soybean Yield Suppression Due to Diseases for the Top Eight Soybean-Producing Countries in 2006. A Wrather, S Koenning, R Balardin, LH Carregal, R Escobar, GK Gupta, Z Ma, W Morel, LD Ploper, and A Tenuta Impact of Frogeye Leaf Spot on Soybean Yield in the Lower Midwest. CM Vick, AK Vick, JP Bond, and JA Wrather Graduate student papers (Alemu Mengistu, moderator) Laboratory Evaluation of Soybean Resistance to Pod Blight Caused by Cercospora kikuchii. BC Wells and GL Sciumbato Temporal Dynamics of Root and Foliar Symptoms of Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome at Different Inoculum Densities. C Gongora-Canul, FW Nutter, Jr, and LFS Leandro Discussion session (Allen Wrather, moderator) Soybean Rust Sentinal Survey discussion. Don Hershman Proceedings of the Southern Soybean Disease Workers are published annually by the Southern Soybean Disease Workers. Text, references, figures, and tables are reproduced as they were submitted by authors. The opinions expressed by the participants at this conference are their own and do not necessarily represent those of the Southern Soybean Disease Workers. Mention of a trademark or proprietary products in this publication does not constitute a guarantee, warranty, or endorsement of that product by the Southern Soybean Disease Workers

Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting, Southern Soybean Disease Workers (March 10-11, 2010, Pensacola Beach, Florida)

Contents SSDW treasury report Southern United States Soybean Disease Loss Estimates for 2009. Compiled by SR Koenning Green Bean symposium (Jason Bond, moderator) Factors Contributing to Green Plants at Maturity. DJ Boquet, RL Leonard, GB Padgett, RW Schneider, J Griffin, J Davis, and R Vaverde The Green Stem Disorder Enigma in Illinois. C Hill and G. Hartman The Influence of Fungicides, Herbicides, and Their Interactions on Green Bean Syndrome. GB Padgett, DJ Boquet, RW Schneider, and MA Purvis Association of Stink Bug Injury with A Green Plant Malady in Soybean. JH Temple, BR Leonard, J Davis, P Price, and J Hardke Managing Green Stem: Desiccant Application Timing in Indeterminate and Determinate Soybean. JM Boudreaux, JL Griffin, RW Schneider, and GB Padgett Graduate student paper competition (Boyd Padgett, moderator) Disinfection of Soybean Seed by Sterilization of C. kikuchii and Other Seedborne Fungi with Gaseous Chlorine Compounds. P Price, DJ Stephens, RW Schneider, and GB Padgett Field Evaluations of Simplicillium lanosoniveum as a Biological Control Agent for Phakopsora pachyrhizi. NA Ward, RW Schneider, and CL Robertson Effects of Environment and Cultivar on Charcoal Rot Development in Soybeans. M Doubledee, J Rupe, C Rothrock, S Bajwa, A Steger, and R Holland Field Evaluation and Molecular Screening of Soybean Lines for Resistance to Sudden Death Syndrome. DW Clark and S Kantartzi Southern Soybean Disease Workers paper session (Clayton Hollier and Boyd Padgett, moderators) Effect of a Fungicide and Insecticide Application on Soybean Seed Quality in Mississippi. TW Allen, CH Koger, AL Catchot, J Gore, D Cook, RE Baird, S Martin, and C Daves USB Funding of Soybean Disease Research. R. Joost Can Headline Fungicide Reduce Yield Loss in Soybean Caused by Soybean Cyst Nematode? DE Hershman and BS Kennedy Efficacy, Yield and Economics of Ballad Plus Biofungicide for Soybean. S Atwell, D Warkentin, and D Manker Management of Soybean Nematodes Through the use of Resistance and Nematicides. M Emerson, S Monfort, A Carroll, J Fortner, T Kirkpatrick, and J Barham Asian Soybean Rust in Louisiana: Evidence of a Dynamic Pathogen. CA Hollier, PA Bollich, GB Padgett, and MA Purvis Alabama Disease Survey. E Sikora, JF Murphy, K Lawrence, and D Delaney Black Root Rot of Soybean: An Emerging Problem in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. C Coker, T Allen, and GB Padgett Soybean Resistance to SCN in.North Carolina, a Continuing Story. SR Koening Research Update on Screening Germ plasm and Breeding for Reisistance to Phomopsis Seed Decay in Soybean. S Li, A Wrather, P Chen, and J Rupe Afternoon sessions (Cliff Coker, moderator) Soybean Vein Necrosis Virus: A New Widespread Virus in the Southeast and Midwest. J Zhou, R-H Wen, M Newman, SK Kantartzi, MR Hajimorad, and IE Tzanetakis Black Root Rot a New Soybean Disease to Arkansas. A Carroll, S Monfort, M Emerson, and J Fortner Proceedings of the Southern Soybean Disease Workers are published annually by the Southern Soybean Disease Workers. Text, references, figures, and tables are reproduced as they were submitted by authors. The opinions expressed by the participants at this conference are their own and do not necessarily represent those of the Southern Soybean Workers. Mention of a trademark or proprietary products in this publication does not constitute a guarantee, warranty, or endorsement of that product by the Southern Soybean Disease Workers

Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting, Southern Soybean Disease Workers (March 5-6, 2014, Pensacola Beach, Florida)

Contents Schedule Southern United Station Soybean Disease Loss Estimates for 2013. Compiled by SR Koenning Graduate student paper competition (Ed Sikora, moderator) Association of Phomopsis longicolla and Macrophomina phaseolina with zone lines in soybean roots at maturity. ML Zaccaron, JC Rupe, and RT Holland Molecular Phylogenetic Redefinition of Cercospora kikuchii. S Albu, P Price, V Doyle, and R Schneider The effects of salinity on Pythium rot of soybean. TJ Stetina, CS Rothrock, and JC Rupe Distribution of Cercospora sojina and sensitivity to Qol fungicides in Mississippi soybean fields. J Standish, M Tomaso-Peterson, TW Allen, S Sabanadzovic, N Aboughanem-Sabanadzovic Effect of crop rotation, location and isolation temperature on Pythium spp. population composition in Arkansas. KE Urrea, JC Rupe, CS Rothrock, MI Chilvers, and JA Rojas Soybean Cultivars and Fungicide Responses to Frogeye Leaf Spot: Ten Years of Field Data Heather. M Kelly, William J Jordan, and Melvin Newman Observations on Soybean Rust and Soybean Vein Necrosis Virus in Alabama in 2013. EJ Sikora, K Conner, D Delaney, L. Zhang, and M Delaney Importance of kudzu as a reservoir for soybean viruses: preliminary data. N Aboughanem-Sabanadzovic, WF Moore, TW Allen, A Lawrence, and S Sabanadzovic Management of Cercospora Leaf Blight of Soybean with Foliar Applications of Iron. E Chagas da Silva, AK Chanda, T Garcia Aroca, CL Robertson, E Tubana, B Ward, S Albu and RW Schneider Late Fungicide Applications to Manage Frogeye Leaf Spot in the Mississippi Soybean Production System. TW Allen, TH Wilkerson, JT Irby, and BR Golden Development and Optimization of a Weather-based Disease Advisory for Soybean. HL Mehl and PM Phipps An Encounter with Target Spot and its Management with Fungicides. RW Schneider, CL Robertson, E Chagas da Silva and B Ward Cercospora Leaf Blight of Soybean: Latent Infection and Symptom Development. Ashok K Chanda., Zhi-Yuan Chen, Eduardo Chagas da Silva, and Raymond W Schneider Effect of Long-term Potassium Fertilization Rate on Sudden Death Syndrome, Cercospora Leaf Blight and Frogeye Leaf Spot of Soybean. JC Rupe, NA Slaton, RT Holland, ML Zaccron, R OeLong, AJ Steger Sensitivity of Meloidogyne incognita and Rotylenchulus reniformis to fluopyram. Travis Faske and Katherine Hurd Reniform nematode influence on soybean production in Louisiana. C Overstreet, EC McGawley, DM Xavier, and MT Kularathna Rhizoctonias associated with soybean in the Southeast United States. CS Rothrock, SA Winters, and TN Spurlock Proceedings of the Southern Soybean Disease Workers are published annually by the Southern Soybean Disease Workers. Text, references, figure, and tables are reproduced at they were submitted by the authors. The opinions expressed by the participants at this conference are their own and do not necessarily represent those of the Southern Soybean Disease Workers. Mention of a trademark or proprietary products in this publication does not constitute a guarantee, warranty, or endorsement of that product by the Southern Soybean Disease Workers

Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting, Southern Soybean Disease Workers (March 13-14, 2013, Pensacola Beach, Florida)

Contents Southern United States Soybean Disease Loss Estimates for 2012. Compiled by SR Koenning Update on Detection and Management of QoI Fungicide Resistant Cercospora sojina, the Causal Agent of Frogeye Leaf Spot in Soybean. C Bradley, G Zhang, V Chapara, R Ming, F Zeng, H Young Kelly, and M Newman Identification of Soybean Genotypes to Cercopsora sojina by Field Screening and Molecular Markers. A Mengistu and R Mian Soybean Vein Necrosis Virus. D Hershman Single Applications of Triazole Fungicides at R1 for Management of Cercospora Leaf Blight and Rust in Soybean. RW Schneider, CL Robertson, BM Ward, and EC Silva Observations on soybean rust management in Alabama in 2012. EJ Sikora, D Delaney, and M Delaney Graduate student paper competition (Clayton Hollier, moderator) Logical Areas of Collection: A Precision Concept for Management of Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA. TN Spurlock, CS Rothrock, and WS Monfort Screening of Soybean Recombinant Inbred Lines against Phakopsora pachyrhizi. M Ganiger, DR Walker, and ZY Chen Effects of Minor Element Nutrition on Cercospora Leaf Blight of Soybean. BM Ward, CL Robertson, RW Schneider, and EC Silva Sensitivity of Cercospora kikuchii Populations to Methyl Benzimidazole, Carbamate, Quinone Outside Inhibitor, and Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicides. P Price, MA Purvis, CL Robertson, GB Padgett, and RW Schneider Effect of Foliar Application of Micronutrients on Severity of Rust in Soybean. EC Silva, BM Ward, CL Robertson, and RW Schneider Southern Soybean Disease Workers paper session (Tom Allen, moderator) History of Reniform Nematode in the South. RT Robbins Role of Seed Quality, Planting Date, and Seed Treatment on Soybean Stand and Yield. JC Rupe, R Holland, A Steger, S Goeke, EE Gbur, WJ Ross, M Wyss, J McCoy, and R Cingolani Screening Soybean Germplasm and Commercial Varieties for Resistance to Phomopsis Seed Decay: Results from 2012 Trials. S Li, G Sciumbato, P Chen, S Sun, J Rupe, R Holland, and A Steger A Novel Seed Treatment with Activity against SDS in Soybeans. C Graham Adenosylhomocysteinase (AHCY) is essential for Virulence of Cercospora kikuchii in soybeans. AK Chanda, RW Schneider, and Z-Y Chen Fungicide Timing Strategies: Targeting Yield Enhancement in Mississippi Soybean. TW Allen, D Cook, A Catchot, J Gore, and N Buehring Update from the United Soybean Board. K Whiting Industry Pest Information Platform for Extension and Education (iPiPE). S Isard, R Magarey, J Golod, and J Russo Proceedings of the Southern Soybean Disease Workers are published annually by the Southern Soybean Disease Workers. Text, references, figures, and tables are reproduced as they were submitted by authors. The opinions expressed by the participants at this conference are their own and do not necessarily represent those of the Southern Soybean Workers. Mention of a trademark or proprietary products in this publication does not constitute a guarantee, warranty, or endorsement of that product by the Southern Soybean Disease Workers

Meta-analysis of yield response of foliar fungicide-treated hybrid corn in the United States and Ontario, Canada

Background Foliar fungicide applications to corn (Zea mays L.) occur at one or more application timings ranging from early vegetative growth stages to mid-reproductive stages. Previous studies indicated that fungicide applications are profitable under high disease pressure when applied during the tasseling to silking growth stages. Few comprehensive studies in corn have examined the impact of fungicide applications at an early vegetative growth stage (V6) compared to late application timings (VT) for yield response and return on fungicide investment (ROI) across multiple locations. Objective Compare yield response of fungicide application timing across multiple fungicide classes and calculate the probability of positive ROI. Methods Data were collected specifically for this analysis using a uniform protocol conducted in 13 states in the United States and one province in Canada from 2014–2015. Data were subjected to a primary mixed-model analysis of variance. Subsequent univariate meta-analyses, with and without moderator variables, were performed using standard meta-analytic procedures. Follow-up power and prediction analyses were performed to aid interpretation and development of management recommendations. Results Fungicide application resulted in a range of yield responses from -2,683.0 to 3,230.9 kg/ha relative to the non-treated control, with 68.2% of these responses being positive. Evidence suggests that all three moderator variables tested (application timing, fungicide class, and disease base level), had some effect (α = 0.05) on the absolute difference in yield between fungicide treated and non-treated plots (). Application timing influenced , with V6 + VT and the VT application timings resulting in greater yield responses than the V6 application timing alone. Fungicide formulations that combined demethylation inhibitor and quinone outside inhibitor fungicides significantly increased yield response. Conclusion Foliar fungicide applications can increase corn grain yield. To ensure the likelihood of a positive ROI, farmers should focus on applications at VT and use fungicides that include a mix of demethylation inhibitor and quinone outside inhibitor active ingredients

Cancer Stem Cells and Side Population Cells in Breast Cancer and Metastasis

In breast cancer it is never the primary tumour that is fatal; instead it is the development of metastatic disease which is the major cause of cancer related mortality. There is accumulating evidence that suggests that Cancer Stem Cells (CSC) may play a role in breast cancer development and progression. Breast cancer stem cell populations, including side population cells (SP), have been shown to be primitive stem cell-like populations, being long-lived, self-renewing and highly proliferative. SP cells are identified using dual wavelength flow cytometry combined with Hoechst 33342 dye efflux, this ability is due to expression of one or more members of the ABC transporter family. They have increased resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and apoptotic stimuli and have increased migratory potential above that of the bulk tumour cells making them strong candidates for the metastatic spread of breast cancer. Treatment of nearly all cancers usually involves one first-line agent known to be a substrate of an ABC transporter thereby increasing the risk of developing drug resistant tumours. At present there is no marker available to identify SP cells using immunohistochemistry on breast cancer patient samples. If SP cells do play a role in breast cancer progression/Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC), combining chemotherapy with ABC inhibitors may be able to destroy both the cells making up the bulk tumour and the cancer stem cell population thus preventing the risk of drug resistant disease, recurrence or metastasis

COVID-19: Rapid antigen detection for SARS-CoV-2 by lateral flow assay: A national systematic evaluation of sensitivity and specificity for mass-testing

Background Lateral flow device (LFD) viral antigen immunoassays have been developed around the world as diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection. They have been proposed to deliver an infrastructure-light, cost-economical solution giving results within half an hour. Methods LFDs were initially reviewed by a Department of Health and Social Care team, part of the UK government, from which 64 were selected for further evaluation from 1st August to 15th December 2020. Standardised laboratory evaluations, and for those that met the published criteria, field testing in the Falcon-C19 research study and UK pilots were performed (UK COVID-19 testing centres, hospital, schools, armed forces). Findings 4/64 LFDs so far have desirable performance characteristics (orient Gene, Deepblue, Abbott and Innova SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Rapid Qualitative Test). All these LFDs have a viral antigen detection of >90% at 100,000 RNA copies/ml. 8951 Innova LFD tests were performed with a kit failure rate of 5.6% (502/8951, 95% CI: 5.1–6.1), false positive rate of 0.32% (22/6954, 95% CI: 0.20–0.48). Viral antigen detection/sensitivity across the sampling cohort when performed by laboratory scientists was 78.8% (156/198, 95% CI 72.4–84.3). Interpretation Our results suggest LFDs have promising performance characteristics for mass population testing and can be used to identify infectious positive individuals. The Innova LFD shows good viral antigen detection/sensitivity with excellent specificity, although kit failure rates and the impact of training are potential issues. These results support the expanded evaluation of LFDs, and assessment of greater access to testing on COVID-19 transmission. Funding Department of Health and Social Care. University of Oxford. Public Health England Porton Down, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, National Institute of Health Research

2019 CDWG Meta-Analysis DMI+QoI SET_METRIC

SAS Analysis of DMI+QoI data Onl

2019 CDWG Meta-Analysis QoI SET_METRIC

SAS Analysis of QoI data Onl