Flex bearing UUEC, volume 2

This volume, Volume 2, of this Flex Bearing UUEC Final Report documents findings and data pertaining to Team B's tasks. Team B was organized as one of two sub-teams of the Unplanned/Unintended Event or Condition (UUEC) board established per InterOffice Memorandum (IOM) A100-FY93-072. Team A determined the cause of the unacceptable unbonds (referred to as 'heat-affect' unbonds), including the initial, light rust film, in the FSM #3 flex bearing was overheating of the Forward End Ring (FER) during cure, specifically in zone 8 of the mold. Team A's findings are documented in Volume 1 of this report. Team B developed flight rationale for existing bearings, based on absence or presence of an unpropitious unbond condition like that in FSM #3's flex bearing

A forward speed effects study on jet noise from several suppressor nozzles in the NASA/Ames 40- by 80-foot wind tunnel

A test program was conducted in a 40 by 80 foot wind tunnel to evaluate the effect of relative velocity on the jet noise signature of a conical ejector, auxiliary inlet ejector, 32 spokes and 104 tube nozzle with and without an acoustically treated shroud. The freestream velocities in the wind tunnel were varied from 0 to 103.6 m/sec (300 ft/sec) for exhaust jet velocities of 259.1 m/sec (850 ft/sec) to 609.6 m/sec (2000 ft/sec). Reverberation corrections for the wind tunnel were developed and the procedure is explained. In conjunction with wind tunnel testing the nozzles were also evaluated on an outdoor test stand. The wind tunnel microphone arrays were duplicated during the outdoor testing. The data were then extrapolated for comparisons with data measured using a microphone array placed on a 30.5 meter (100 ft) arc. Using these data as a basis, farfield to nearfield arguments are presented with regards to the data measured in the wind tunnel. Finally, comparisons are presented between predictions made using existing methods and the measured data

Effects of an Anabolic Implant and Transport on Metabolic Status and Muscle Traits of Feedlot Steers

A study was repeated over 2 years to determine the effect of feeding different levels of dry distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) and wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) on the performance of finishing cattle. In each year, 120 steers (756 ± 22 lb) were weighed, and randomly allocated to 15 pens. The pens were then assigned to one of five treatments: 1) corn-soybean meal (CON); 2) 20% DDGS; 3) 20% WDGS; 4) 40% DDGS; or 5) 40% WDGS. The basal diet consisted of 10% alfalfa hay, 4% molasses, 2% supplement, 10.5% SBM and 73.5% cracked corn. The WDGS and DDGS were added to replace all the SBM and part of the cracked corn. Steers were fed these diets for 138 and 129 days in years 1 and 2, respectively. Body weight was recorded prior to feeding at the start of the trial and every 28 days. Steers were harvested at a commercial facility and carcass data were collected. No treatment x year interactions occurred, thus data were pooled over the 2 years. There was an interaction between wet vs. dry and 20% vs. 40% distillers grains with solubles (DGS) for cumulative DMI. Steers fed 20% and 40% DDGS had the highest DMI, but feeding 40% WDGS significantly depressed (P \u3c 0.01) DMI. Cumulative ADG was similar across all treatments; however, steers fed 40% DGS had greater G:F (P \u3c 0.05) than those fed 20% DGS, and those fed WDGS were more efficient (P \u3c 0.01) than those fed DDGS. Pooled carcass data showed that steers fed DGS had greater (P \u3c 0.01) 12th rib fat compared to CON resulting in steers fed DGS having greater (P \u3c 0.05) Yield Grades compared to CON steers. Steers fed 20% DDGS and 20% WDGS had numerically higher (P \u3c 0.05) marbling scores compared to steers fed CON, 40% DDGS and 40% WDGS. Hot carcass weight, ribeye area, and percent kidney, pelvic, and heart fat were similar across all treatments. In conclusion, feeding DDGS and WDGS at 20 and 40% of the diet DM can be used to replace SBM in finishing diets to achieve similar gains and efficiencies. However, Yield Grades were greater for steers fed DGS compared to those fed the corn-soybean meal diet

EASE-ing DPT Students into the Acute Care Environment

Purpose: The Early Acute Service Experience program (EASE) is a dual-purpose program that prepares physical therapy students to transition from the academic setting to the acute clinical environment while providing a helpful service to key clinical partners. Methods/Description: This program requirement begins as students are assigned a weekend in the second semester of the DPT curriculum to work with a physical therapist in the hospital. As the first step in their orientation, students complete an e-learning module which focuses on the knowledge, skills, and abilities required in the acute care clinical environment. Once a student has completed the module and successfully passed the quiz, they complete the second step of preparation - a simulation experience led by a faculty member and a clinician from the hospital. After EASE, students complete a written reflection about their experience. Results/Outcomes: The inaugural cohort of students participating in EASE completed their first full-time clinical education experience in May 2021. Objective results regarding student performance and CI perspectives will be shared about their transition to the acute environment following participation in EASE. Anecdotally, reflections from students indicate that EASE has had a positive impact and the goals of the program were accomplished

Identification of Genes Associated with Water Restriction Expressed in the Renal Cortex and Hypothalamus in Cattle

The short-term objective of this study is to discover genes associated with water restriction expressed in the renal cortex and hypothalamus in beef calves. The long-term goal is to understand genes and pathways important for thirst response in cattle. This knowledge may lead to discovery of genetic variants associated with water intake. Identification of animals with genetic potential to grow and thrive under drought conditions would be an asset to beef producers and communities which rely on beef production for a large part of their livelihoods. Both selected tissue types are known to be involved in response to hypertonicity (e.g., water restriction or dehydration)

Impact of Dietary Resistant Starch Type 4 on Human Gut Microbiota and Immunometabolic Functions

Dietary modulation of the gut microbiota impacts human health. Here we investigated the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Cholesterols, fasting glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, and proinflammatory markers in the blood as well as waist circumference and % body fat were lower post intervention in the RS4 group compared with the control group. 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed higher faecal SCFAs, including butyrate, propionate, valerate, isovalerate, and hexanoate after RS4-intake. Bivariate analyses showed RS4-specific associations of the gut microbiota with the host metabolic functions and SCFA levels. Here we show that dietary RS4 induced changes in the gut microbiota are linked to its biological activity in individuals with signs of MetS. These findings have potential implications for dietary guidelines in metabolic health management

Spring 1958

Dedication of Turf Clippings to Robert Williams (1) Picture - Stockbridge Turf majors (2) Title page and contents (3) Greetings from Dean Sieling - College of Agriculture (4) Outstanding Men in Turfgrass Honored (4) Word From the Editor of Turf Clippings (5) Message From the 1958 Winter School President (6) Summary of 1958 University of Massachusetts Turfgrass Conference - Al Radko (6-9) Importance of Superintendences Associations - Anthony B. Caranci (10) Picture - Turf Grass Interest Stretch from Coast to Coast (11) Picture - 1958 Winter School for Turf Managers (12) Golf Courses in California - James C. Scott (13) The Constant Battle - Joseph Troll (13) Recognition of the Golf Course Superintendent - Frederick Bove (14-15) 1958 Winter School Comments (16) Maintenance of Insurance Grounds - George J. Moore Jr. (17-18) Don\u27t Get Caught Short - Bruce Silven (19-20) We Have had It - They Now Have it - These Two Shall Have it - Orville O. Clapper (21) The Golf Course Superintendent - Prof. L. S. Dickinson (22-23) Picture - Winter School Alumni Meet at Conference (24) Cartoons (25) Cost of Lawn and Golf Course Construction - Geoffrey Cornish (26-27) Turf Club News (28-29) 1957 Horticulture Show Winner (30) Frosting on the Cake (30) Number One Graduate (31) 1957 Stockbridge Turf majors - Work (32) Turf management Club Associate Memberships (32

Cognitive impairment induced by delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol occurs through heteromers between cannabinoid CB1 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive compound of marijuana, induces numerous undesirable effects, including memory impairments, anxiety, and dependence. Conversely, THC also has potentially therapeutic effects, including analgesia, muscle relaxation, and neuroprotection. However, the mechanisms that dissociate these responses are still not known. Using mice lacking the serotonin receptor 5-HT2A, we revealed that the analgesic and amnesic effects of THC are independent of each other: while amnesia induced by THC disappears in the mutant mice, THC can still promote analgesia in these animals. In subsequent molecular studies, we showed that in specific brain regions involved in memory formation, the receptors for THC and the 5-HT2A receptors work together by physically interacting with each other. Experimentally interfering with this interaction prevented the memory deficits induced by THC, but not its analgesic properties. Our results highlight a novel mechanism by which the beneficial analgesic properties of THC can be dissociated from its cognitive side effects

Characterization of Chromosomal Instability in Murine Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer

Patients suffering from ulcerative colitis (UC) bear an increased risk for colorectal cancer. Due to the sparsity of colitis-associated cancer (CAC) and the long duration between UC initiation and overt carcinoma, elucidating mechanisms of inflammation-associated carcinogenesis in the gut is particularly challenging. Adequate murine models are thus highly desirable. For human CACs a high frequency of chromosomal instability (CIN) reflected by aneuploidy could be shown, exceeding that of sporadic carcinomas. The aim of this study was to analyze mouse models of CAC with regard to CIN. Additionally, protein expression of p53, beta-catenin and Ki67 was measured to further characterize murine tumor development in comparison to UC-associated carcinogenesis in men.The AOM/DSS model (n = 23) and IL-10(-/-) mice (n = 8) were applied to monitor malignancy development via endoscopy and to analyze premalignant and malignant stages of CACs. CIN was assessed using DNA-image cytometry. Protein expression of p53, beta-catenin and Ki67 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The degree of inflammation was analyzed by histology and paralleled to local interferon-γ release.CIN was detected in 81.25% of all murine CACs induced by AOM/DSS, while all carcinomas that arose in IL-10(-/-) mice were chromosomally stable. Beta-catenin expression was strongly membranous in IL-10(-/-) mice, while 87.50% of AOM/DSS-induced tumors showed cytoplasmatic and/or nuclear translocation of beta-catenin. p53 expression was high in both models and Ki67 staining revealed higher proliferation of IL-10(-/-)-induced CACs.AOM/DSS-colitis, but not IL-10(-/-) mice, could provide a powerful murine model to mechanistically investigate CIN in colitis-associated carcinogenesis

Cruciferous vegetable supplementation in a controlled diet study alters the serum peptidome in a GSTM1-genotype dependent manner

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cruciferous vegetable intake is inversely associated with the risk of several cancers. Isothiocyanates (ITC) are hypothesized to be the major bioactive constituents contributing to these cancer-preventive effects. The polymorphic glutathione-<it>S</it>-transferase (GST) gene family encodes several enzymes which catalyze ITC degradation <it>in vivo</it>.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We utilized high throughput proteomics methods to examine how human serum peptides (the "peptidome") change in response to cruciferous vegetable feeding in individuals of different <it>GSTM1 </it>genotypes. In two randomized, crossover, controlled feeding studies (EAT and 2EAT) participants consumed a fruit- and vegetable-free basal diet and the basal diet supplemented with cruciferous vegetables. Serum samples collected at the end of the feeding period were fractionated and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry spectra were obtained. Peak identification/alignment computer algorithms and mixed effects models were used to analyze the data.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>After analysis of spectra from EAT participants, 24 distinct peaks showed statistically significant differences associated with cruciferous vegetable intake. Twenty of these peaks were driven by their <it>GSTM1 </it>genotype (i.e., <it>GSTM1+ </it>or <it>GSTM1- </it>null). When data from EAT and 2EAT participants were compared by joint processing of spectra to align a common set, 6 peaks showed consistent changes in both studies in a genotype-dependent manner. The peaks at 6700 <it>m/z </it>and 9565 <it>m/z </it>were identified as an isoform of transthyretin (TTR) and a fragment of zinc α2-glycoprotein (ZAG), respectively.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Cruciferous vegetable intake in <it>GSTM1+ </it>individuals led to changes in circulating levels of several peptides/proteins, including TTR and a fragment of ZAG. TTR is a known marker of nutritional status and ZAG is an adipokine that plays a role in lipid mobilization. The results of this study present evidence that the <it>GSTM1</it>-genotype modulates the physiological response to cruciferous vegetable intake.</p