Ética empresarial : comparação entre a realidade portuguesa e norueguesa

Mestrado em Gestão de Recursos HumanosEste trabalho foi conceptualizado na tentativa de perceber se a realidade Portuguesa seria diversa da realidade Norueguesa no que à ética empresarial concerne. É comum vermos, em estudos económicos, que as posições destes países, em rankings que se relacionem com dados económicos, são quase diametralmente opostas. Será assim no que concerne à ética?This essay was meant to try to understand how different was the Portuguese reality from the Norwegian reality in the matter of business ethics. In economical rankings these two countries are, usually, quite far apart. Would it be so in business ethics matters

Validation of the nursing diagnosis of impaired walking in elderly

Background The increase in longevity causes restriction of activity in the elderly, causing changes on the execution of daily activities and consequently on the quality of life [1]. Walk is an activity that requires using a variety of skills and can be highly complex particularly for the elderly people [2]. The nursing diagnosis impaired walking is part of NANDA International since 1998 and requires further validation to improve the clinical evidence [3]. Objective To validate the nursing diagnosis impaired walking in a sample composed of elderly. Methods Observational, cross-sectional and quantitative study. After the first research phase of systematic literature review several defining characteristics and related factors of the diagnosis impaired walking have been listed.2 Then, the translation, linguistic and cultural adaptation of the nursing diagnosis was conducted, and finally, the clinical validation of the diagnosis using the clinical validation model of Richard Fehring [4], in a sample of elderly and counting on the collaboration of registered nurses and rehabilitation nurses to collect the data and fill the questionnaires, which comprised demographic data, the defining characteristics, related factors and falls efficacy scale international [5]. The study was approved by the ethical committee of SESARAM. E.P.E (Madeira Island Healthcare System). Results In the systematic literature review 17 defining characteristics and 34 etiological factors of impaired walking have been identified. A European Portuguese version was obtained to validate in a sample of 126 elderly, whose average age was 73.86 years, mostly female, with the primary school, in a situation of retirement, widowed and with history of falls. The prevalence of “impaired walk” was 64.3% according to the expert's opinion and 67.5% according to the elderly. All defining characteristics and related factors have been validated. The most sensitive defining characteristic was nine (e.g. impaired ability of gait speed) and also four related factors (fear of falling, physical deconditioning, medication and feminine gender). Conclusions This study justifies the need to review the defining characteristics and related factors of impaired walking. The identification of the most sensitive defining characteristics facilitates nurses’ clinical reasoning and interventions towards effective nursing outcomes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Under a cloak of terror: violence and armed conflict in Europe

As it is impossible to prove that human nature is intrinsically violent and warlike, history does not allow us to deny that war is one of the most present elements at different times. As an omnipresent phenomenon, it can also be considered a total social fact due to the multiple implications it entails. Furthermore, due to its implications, it becomes an object of historical study that is interpreted in different ways by either testimonies, participants, observers, or victims, thus building a multiple and never univocal interpretative basis. Not only can war be the stage of the worst crimes, but it can also be where expected or unlikely heroes arise and human greatness is externalized in unforeseen initiatives or positions. Examples such as the Holocaust or even the invasion of Ukraine in 2022 not only serve as an identification of heroes and evidence of the greatness of some basic humanitarian principles but also as the example of the greatest genocides. This text seeks to reflect on the way in which war and peace played a fundamental role in the way Europe was designed over the centuries. In this regard, the chronological scope goes back to the beginning of the first civilizations, trying to understand how war has always played a leading role in the definition of societies, borders, the exercise of power, the exploitation of man by man, and how this main role continues to be assumed as a process of change and continuity until the present day. When the questions are more than the answers, we believe we are going on the right path

Mitochondrial DNA data of Cabo Verde Immigrant Population Living in Lisboa

Póster apresentado em 8 th International Y Chromosome User Workshop 5 th International EMPOP Meeting, Innsbruck, September 06-08, 2012Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis found an important role in forensic genetics, especially when nuclear DNA analysis does not give a conclusive response. It is a powerful tool to exclude samples as originating from the same matriline. Features that increase the vested interest of mtDNA are the high copy number per cell, maternal inheritance, absence of recombination, and high mutation rate. Due to the higher overall mutation rate, the control region is comparatively enriched in sequence variation and therefore its analysis is important to establish haplotypes and haplogroups. Haplogroup assignment became noteworthy to clarify the history and demographic past of a population. As well as occurring all over Europe, in Portugal, and particularly in Lisboa, immigrant populations are increasing. The Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses is carrying out a comprehensive genetic study with the aim of portraying the genetic diversity of the immigrants who live in Lisboa. Within that objective, the present study intends to: obtain the mtDNA variability of Cabo Verde Immigrant Population Living in Lisboa and classify haplotypes into haplogroups. The studied population shows great interpopulation genetic variability due to the high frequency of unique haplotypes. Cabo Verde immigrants living in Lisboa exhibit haplotypes that belong to haplogroups observed in native Africans and in West Eurasian. MtDNA control region typing is extremely useful as a technique to differentiate among degraded samples frequently found in forensic genetics and to establish its global frequency when having knowledge of the genetic structure of populations.N/

Different infective forms trigger distinct immune response in experimental Chagas disease.

Although metacyclic and blood trypomastigotes are completely functional in relation to parasite-host interaction and/or target cell invasion, they differ in the molecules present on the surface. Thus, aspects related to the variability that the forms of T. cruzi interacts with host cells may lead to fundamental implications on the immune response against this parasite and, consequently, the clinical evolution of Chagas disease. We have shown that BT infected mice presented higher levels of parasitemia during all the acute phase of infection. Moreover, the infection with either MT or BT forms resulted in increased levels of total leukocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes, specifically later for MT and earlier for BT. The infection with BT forms presented earlier production of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and later of IFN-γ by both T cells subpopulations. This event was accompanied by an early cardiac inflammation with an exacerbation of this process at the end of the acute phase. On the other hand, infection with MT forms result in an early production of IFN-γ, with subsequent control in the production of this cytokine by IL-10, which provided to these animals an immunomodulatory profile in the end of the acute phase. These results are in agreement with what was found for cardiac inflammation where animals infected with MT forms showed intense cardiac inflammation later at infection, with a decrease in the same at the end of this phase. In summary, our findings emphasize the importance of taking into account the inoculums source of T. cruzi, since vectorial or transfusional routes of T. cruzi infection may trigger distinct parasite-host interactions during the acute phase that may influence relevant biological aspects of chronic Chagas disease

Estrategias de educación sexual de adultos con trastorno del espectro autista

O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é uma condição neurobiológica centrada em duas características: comportamentos, interesses ou movimentos restritos e repetitivos; e déficits na comunicação social. A literatura da área demonstra que, em todos os espectros, observa-se privação de direitos sexuais básicos, como acesso à privacidade, à informação científica e à educação sexual adequada, gerando sofrimentos e vulnerabilidade acentuada com relação a violências. Objetivo: o objetivo do trabalho foi descrever possíveis estratégias para promoção de educação sexual de adultos autistas, a partir das dificuldades documentadas pelo próprio público-alvo. Método: sendo um estudo documental, propôs-se análise do livro Autism-Asperger’s & Sexuality: puberty and beyond, escrito pelo notável militante autista Jerry Newport, em coautoria com sua esposa, Mary. Foram destacados, da obra, trechos com demandas relacionadas à sexualidade, e a partir da literatura de educação sexual emancipatória, construída uma lista de possíveis estratégias para programas voltados a adultos autistas. Resultados: considerando as características do TEA, optou-se por ações com características visuais, claras, cujas linguagens fossem diretas e pouco metafóricas, focadas em repertórios diversos, e baseadas na constante reavaliação de necessidades, bem como no cuidado com a imposição da norma neurotípica hegemônica. Conclusões: concluiu-se que, embora os trabalhos teóricos e críticos sobre o assunto sejam crescentes, persiste a necessidade de avançar em termos práticos, e o presente artigo pode ter contribuído, com ideias iniciais neste sentido. Sugere-se que pesquisas futuras apliquem e documentem programas e ações de educação sexual para pessoas autistas, expandam as análises a outros espectros e faixas etárias variadas.Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurobiological condition centered on two characteristics: restricted and repetitive behaviors, interests or movements; and deficits in the social communication. The literature in the area demonstrates that, in all spectra, there is a deprivation of basic sexual rights, such as access to privacy, scientific information and adequate sex education, generating suffering and marked vulnerability in relation to violence. Goals:The objective of the work was to describe possible strategies for promoting sexual education for autistic adults, based on the difficulties documented by the target audience itself. Method: As a documentary study, an analysis of the book “Autism-Asperger’s & Sexuality: puberty and beyond” was proposed, written by the notable autistic militant Jerry Newport, co-authored with his wife, Mary. From the work, excerpts with demands related to sexuality were high lighted, and from the emancipatory sexual education literature, a list of possible strategies for program saimed at autistic adults was built. Analysis: Considering the characteristics of TEA, we opted for actions with clear, visual characteristics, whose languages were direct and little metaphorical, focused on diverse repertoires, and based on the constant reevaluation of needs, as well as on the care with the imposition of the hegemonic neurotypic norm. Conclusions: It was concluded that, although the theoretical and critical works on the subject are growing, the need to advance in practical terms persists, and the presente artical may have contributed, with initial ideas, in this sense. It is suggested that future research apply and document sexual education programs and actions for autistic people, expand the analysis to other spectra of TEA, and varied age groups.El transtorno del espectro autista (TEA) es una condición neurobiológica centrada em dos características: conductas, intereses o movimientos restringidos y repetitivos; y déficits em la comunicacion social. La literatura em la zona demuestra que, en todos los espectros, existe una privación de derechos sexuales básicos, como el acceso a la privacidad, información científica y educación sexual adecuada, generando sufrimiento y marcada vulnerabilidade em relación a la violencia. Objetivo: El objetivo del trabajo fue describir posibles estrategias para promover la educación sexual de adultos autistas, a partir de lãs dificultades documentadas por el propio público. Método: Como estudio documental, se propuso um análisis del libro “Autismo-Asperger y sexualidad: pubertad y más allá”, escrito por el notable militante autista Jerry Newport, em coautoría com su esposa, Mary. Del trabajo se destacaron extractos con demandas relacionadas com la sexualidad y de la literatura de educación sexual emancipadora se construyó una lista de posibles estrategias para programas dirigidos a adultos autistas. Resultados: Considerando las características de la TEA, optamos por acciones con características visuales claras, cuyos linguajes eran directos y poco metafóricos, enfocados a repertorios diversos, y basados en la constante reevaluación de necesidades, así como enel cuidado con la imposición de la norma neurotípica hegemónica. Conclusiones: Se concluyó que, si bien los trabajos teóricos y críticos sobre el tema están creciendo, persiste la necesidad de avanzaren términos prácticos, y el presente artículo puede haber aportado, com ideas iniciales, en este sentido. Se sugiere que las investigaciones futuras apliquen y documenten programas y acciones de educación sexual para personas autistas, amplíen el análisis a otros espectros de TEA y grupos de edad variados.Este trabalho foi financiado por Fundos Nacionais através da FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia no âmbito dos projetos do CIEC (Centro de Investigação em Estudos da Criança da Universidade do Minho) com as referências UIDB/00317/2020 e UIDP/00317/202

Tamanho de amostra para a estimação da média de caracteres de sementes de feijão guandu anão

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o tamanho de amostra necessário para a estimação da média de caracteres de sementes de feijão guandu anão (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp), cultivar Iapar 43 (Aratã), em níveis de precisão. Em 340 sementes de feijão guandu anão, foram mensurados os seguintes caracteres: comprimento, largura, espessura e massa. Para cada caractere, foram calculadas medidas de tendência central, variabilidade, assimetria e curtose. Foi determinado o tamanho de amostra por meio de reamostragem, com reposição, de 10.000 reamostras. Para a estimação da média desses caracteres de feijão guandu anão, cultivar Iapar 43 (Aratã), com amplitude do intervalo de confiança de 95% igual a 10% da estimativa da média são necessárias 54 sementes

Dor crônica e qualidade de vida: revisão da literatura

A dor crônica é um problema de saúde pública, pois aproximadamente 30% da população mundial sofre dessa doença. Pacientes com dor crônica usam os serviços de saúde cinco vezes mais do que o restante dos indivíduos. A dor crônica prevalece entre as mulheres com idades entre 45 e 65 anos. Compromete a qualidade de vida dos pacientes, acompanhada de complicações como imobilidade musculares e articulares, distúrbios de sono, diminuição do apetite, depressão do sistema imune e maior susceptibilidade a doenças, dependência de medicação, da família e cuidadores, isolamento da sociedade e da família, ansiedade e medo, frustração, depressão e suicídio. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura com objetivo de analisar o que se tem construído em pesquisas anteriores sobre dor crônica e qualidade de vida. Foram analisados 30 artigos após a aplicação dos critérios. A complexidade da dor crônica foi observada em todos os artigos, como as implicações da fibromialgia. A dor crônica é multifatorial, fundamental a realização de mais pesquisas sobre as condições de tratamentos farmacológicos associados as alternativas com novos estudos sobre o tema, e que considerem uma melhor QV para esses paciente

Pressure-support ventilation or T-piece spontaneous breathing trials for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : a randomized controlled trial

Background Little is known about the best strategy for weaning patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from mechanical ventilation. Spontaneous breathing trials (SBT) using a T-piece or pressure-support ventilation (PSV) have a central role in this process. Our aim was to compare T-piece and PSV SBTs according to the duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) in patients with COPD. Methods Patients with COPD who had at least 48 hours of invasive MV support were randomized to 30 minutes of T-piece or PSV at 10 cm H2O after being considered able to undergo a SBT. All patients were preemptively connected to non-invasive ventilation after extubation. Tracheostomized patients were excluded. The primary outcome was total invasive MV duration. Time to liberation from MV was assessed as secondary outcome. Results Between 2012 and 2016, 190 patients were randomized to T-piece (99) or PSV (91) groups. Extubation at first SBT was achieved in 78% of patients. The mean total MV duration was 10.82 ± 9.1 days for the T-piece group and 7.31 ± 4.9 days for the PSV group (p < 0.001); however, the pre-SBT duration also differed (7.35 ± 3.9 and 5.84 ± 3.3, respectively; p = 0.002). The time to liberation was 8.36 ± 11.04 days for the T-piece group and 4.06 ± 4.94 for the PSV group (univariate mean ratio = 2.06 [1.29±3.27], p = 0.003) for the subgroup of patients with difficult or prolonged weaning. The study group was independently associated with the time to liberation in this subgroup.Conclusions The SBT technique did not influence MV duration for patients with COPD. For the difficult/ prolonged weaning subgroup, the T-piece may be associated with a longer time to liberation, although this should be clarified by further studies

Measuring adherence to inhaled control medication in patients with asthma: Comparison among an asthma app, patient self‐report and physician assessment

Background Previous studies have demonstrated the feasibility of using an asthma app to support medication management and adherence but failed to compare with other measures currently used in clinical practice. However, in a clinical setting, any additional adherence measurement must be evaluated in the context of both the patient and physician perspectives so that it can also help improve the process of shared decision making. Thus, we aimed to compare different measures of adherence to asthma control inhalers in clinical practice, namely through an app, patient self-report and physician assessment. Methods This study is a secondary analysis of three prospective multicentre observational studies with patients (≥13 years old) with persistent asthma recruited from 61 primary and secondary care centres in Portugal. Patients were invited to use the InspirerMundi app and register their inhaled medication. Adherence was measured by the app as the number of doses taken divided by the number of doses scheduled each day and two time points were considered for analysis: 1-week and 1-month. At baseline, patients and physicians independently assessed adherence to asthma control inhalers during the previous week using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS 0–100). Results A total of 193 patients (72% female; median [P25–P75] age 28 [19–41] years old) were included in the analysis. Adherence measured by the app was lower (1 week: 31 [0–71]%; 1 month: 18 [0–48]%) than patient self-report (80 [60–95]) and physician assessment (82 [51–94]) (p 0.05). There was a moderate correlation between patient self-report and physician assessment (ρ = 0.596, p < 0.001). Conclusions Adherence measured by the app was lower than that reported by the patient or the physician. This was expected as objective measurements are commonly lower than subjective evaluations, which tend to overestimate adherence. Nevertheless, the low adherence measured by the app may also be influenced by the use of the app itself and this needs to be considered in future studies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio