Flores de Acacia podalyriaefolia A. CUNN.(LEGUMINOSAE - MIMOSOIDEAE) : avaliaçao fitoquímica e das atividades antibacteriana e alelopática

Banca: Vitor Alberto Kerber [Orientador]Banca: Marilis Dallarmi MiguelData de defesa: 20030000Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduaçao em Ciências Farmaceuticas. Defesa: Curitiba, 2003Inclui bibliografi

Estudo químico e biológico das flores e das folhas de Acacia podalyriifolia A. Cunn. Ex G. Don, Leguminosae - Mimosoideae

Orientador : Prof. Dr. Obdulio Gomes MiguelTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas. Defesa: Curitiba, 11/11/2010Inclui referênciasÁrea de concentração: Insumos, medicamentos e correlatosResumo: Acacia podalyriifolia A. Cunn. ex G. Don, Leguminosae-Mimosoideae, e uma especie exotica, vastamente difundida no Sul do Brasil. Avaliacoes fitoquimicas demonstraram flavonoides, taninos, compostos fenolicos e esteroides/triterpenoides nas flores; alcaloides, cumarinas, flavonoides, taninos, compostos fenolicos, quinonas e esteroides/triterpenoides nas folhas. Para o conteudo de compostos fenolicos, utilizando o reativo de Folin Ciocalteu, a fracao acetato de etila das flores e das folhas demonstrou os maiores teores. As fracoes hexanica, diclorometano e acetato de etila e o residuo dos extratos etanolicos das lores e das folhas foram submetidos a metodos cromatograficos para o isolamento de substancias. Como substancias fenolicas majoritarias foram obtidas as flavanonas 5- -glicosil-naringenina e naringenina, e a ƒÀ-dicetona 16, 18 tritriacontanodiona. As analises da atividade antibacteriana (bioautografia, difusao em disco e concentracao inibitoria minima) demonstraram ser mais ativa a fracao acetato de etila das flores e das folhas, inibindo cepas bacterianas gram positivas e gram negativas, em graus variaveis. Para as substancias isoladas, nas concentracoes testadas, apenas a naringenina foi ativa. Para a acao antioxidante, utilizando o radical livre 2,2-difenil, 1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH), formacao do complexo fosfomolibdenio e o teste TBARS, destaque especial tambem apresentou a fracao acetato de etila, demonstrandose ate mais ativa que os padroes utilizados, dependendo da tecnica que foi utilizada. As flavanonas isoladas tambem demonstraram atividade, ainda que em menor grau que suas fracoes originarias; para a 16, 18 ritriacontanodiona esta atividade foi muito discreta. Na avaliacao de toxicidade geral pela Artemia salina, a fracao diclorometano obtida das flores demonstrou ser a mais citotoxica nestes ensaios. Sobre o potencial alelopatico, observado nas sementes de Lactuca sativa, variedade Baba, para as amostras obtidas das flores e das folhas, embora nao tenham afetado a germinacao desta plantula, ocasionaram significativas influencias no seu crescimento, quando comparadas ao controle. As substancias isoladas tambem apre entaram efeitos significativos no crescimento, contribuindo na atividade alelopatica verificada com as suas fracoes de origem.Abstract: Acacia podalyriifolia A. Cunn. ex G. Don, Leguminosae-Mimosoideae, is an exotic species, widely distributed in southern Brazil. Phytochemical evaluations performed showed the presence of flavonoids, tanines, phenolic compounds and steroids/terpenoids in the flowers, while the material obtained from the leaves were ascertained alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, tanines, phenolic compounds, quinones, and steroids/terpenoids. In determining the content of phenolic compounds using the Folin Ciocalteu reagent, the ethyl acetate fractions from the flowers and the leaves had presented the greatest content of phenolic ompounds. The hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions and the residue which precipitated in the obtaining of ethanol extracts from the flowers and leaves were submitted to chromatographic methods for the isolation of substances. As isolated and identified phenolic major compounds from the flowers and the leaves were obtained the flavanones 5- -D-glicosil-naringenine and naringenine, and the ƒÀ-diketone denominated 16, 18 tritriacontanedione. The analysis of antibacterial activity, carried out by bioautography, disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration proved that the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from both the leaves and flowers, is the most active, inhibiting gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains, in degrees variable depending on the strain used. For the isolated compounds, in the evaluated concentrations, only naringenin has demonstrated antibacterial action. For the antioxidant activity, pe formed by the methodologies which employ the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hosphomolybdenum complex formation and TBARS test, it should be specially noted that it also showed the ethyl acetate fraction, demonstrating to be even more active than the standards used, depending on which technique was used. The isolated flavanones demonstrated antioxidant activity, although lower than the played by the original fractions; for the 16, 18 tritriacontanedione, this activity was very slight. In the evaluation of general toxicity using the Artemia salina, the dichloromethane fraction obtained from the flowers proved to be the most cytotoxic in these assays. Regarding the allelopathic potential observed on the seeds of Lactuca sativa, variety gBaba h, against the samples obtained from flowers and leaves, although it has not affected the germination of seedlings, caused significant influences on the growth when ompared to control. The isolated compounds presented significant effects on seedling growth, contributing to the allelopathic activity observed with their origin fractions

Benefícios da verticalização do parto

There are several historical findings that confirm that childbirth, in antiquity, was performed in an upright position. However, over time, social, scientific, cultural and religious aspects have changed the vertical way of giving birth. Gradually, the birth chairs fell into disuse, giving way to the birth in a horizontal position. However, it has been proven that the verticalization of childbirth has in itself intrinsic advantages that increasingly weaken the practice of childbirth in a horizontal position. As methodology, an integrative literature review of articles published in the years 2017-2020, in Portuguese and English, available in the Medline (n = 236), CINAHL (n = 163) and B-On (n = 244) databases, following the PICOD strategy. In December 2020, the survey was conducted using the Boolean search term “Delivery, Obstetric” [Mesh]) AND “Patient Positioning” [Mesh] OR (“Delivery, Obstetric” [Mesh] AND upright) OR (upright labor positioning) OR (Vertical [Title] OR upright [Title]) AND (childbirth [Title] OR labor [Title]), in full text and open access, of qualitative, quantitative, randomized controlled studies (RCT), reviews and clinical trials (Inclusion criteria). Research that resulted in only abstracts, conference presentations or magazine articles without peer review was not considered. Based on the research method, 10 articles were selected, where the following main results emerged: verticalization of childbirth has benefits caused by the action of gravity, favors fetal well-being, improves uterine dynamics and fetal statics, decreases the duration of labor, decreases the incidence of episiotomy, increases pelvic diameters and provides psycho-affective benefits to the parturient woman. Based on the different studies, it is concluded that giving birth in an upright position benefits the parturient and the fetus due to physiological and biomechanical factors.São vários os achados históricos que confirmam que o parto, na antiguidade, era realizado em posição vertical. Contudo, com o passar do tempo, aspetos sociais, científicos, culturais e religiosos foram modificando a forma vertical de parir. Aos poucos, as cadeiras de parto foram caindo em desuso, dando lugar ao parto na posição horizontal. No entanto, tem-se vindo a comprovar que a verticalização do parto, tem múltiplas vantagens que fragilizam a defesa de uma prática de parto na posição horizontal. Nesse sentido, pretendeu-se com este estudo, identificar os benefícios da posição vertical no trabalho de parto. A opção metodológica foi a revisão integrativa da literatura, de artigos publicados no friso temporal de 2017-2020, em Português e Inglês disponíveis nas bases de dados Medline (n= 236), CINAHL (n= 163) e B-On (n= 244), seguindo a estratégia PICOD. Em dezembro de 2020, fez-se a consulta às bases de dados, utilizando a expressão de pesquisa booleana “Delivery, Obstetric”[Mesh]) AND “Patient Positioning”[Mesh] OR (“Delivery, Obstetric” [Mesh] AND upright) OR (upright labor positioning) OR (Vertical[Title] OR upright[Title]) AND (childbirth[Title] OR labor[Title]). Foram critérios de inclusão artigos em texto integral, de acesso livre, estudos qualitativos ou quantitativos, estudos randomizados controlados (RCT), revisões e ensaios clínicos. Não foram consideradas publicações de resumos simples, comunicações em conferências ou artigos de revista sem avaliação por pares. Com base no método de pesquisa foram selecionados 10 artigos, dos quais emergiram os seguintes resultados principais: a verticalização do parto tem benefícios provocados pela ação da gravidade, favorece o bem-estar fetal, melhora a dinâmica uterina e a estática fetal, diminui a duração do trabalho de parto, diminui a incidência de episiotomia, aumenta os diâmetros pélvicos e proporciona benefícios psicoafectivos à parturiente.Com base nos diferentes estudos, conclui-se assim que parir na posição vertical beneficia a parturiente e o feto devido a fatores fisiológicos e biomecânicos.

Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of extracts, fractions and isolated substances from the flowers of Acacia podalyriifolia A. Cunn. ex G. Don

The extracts and fractions from the flowers of A. podalyriifolia were analyzed previously for antibacterial activity using diffusion in disk, Antioxidant properties were evaluated by determining radical scavenging power (DPPH test) and total phenol content was measured (Folin method). The present study describes the in vitro antibacterial (determining minimum inhibitory concentration) and antioxidant activities (by thiobarbituric acid reactive species - TBARS method) for the ethanol extract, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions and two flavanones (naringenin and 5-β-D-glycosyl-naringenin) isolated from the flowers of Acacia podalyriifolia A. Cunn. ex G. Don. The flavanones naringenin and 5-β-D-glycosyl-naringenin had not previously been obtained from this species. The most effective antibacterial activity was observed in the ethyl acetate fraction (MIC=0.25 mg mL-1 against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, MIC = 0.125 mg mL-1 against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12229, MIC=0.5 mg mL-1 against Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883 and Proteus mirabilis ATCC 43071). The evaluated samples showed antioxidant activity on the TBARS test, especially for ethanol extract (1000 ppm), which was the most active (29.43% ± 0.65) followed by ethyl acetate fraction (1000 ppm, 24.84% ± 1,28), both demonstrating higher activity than that presented by ascorbic acid (1000 ppm, 21.73% ± 1.77), although lower than the BHT (1000 ppm 35.15% ± 3.42), both reference compounds. Naringenin and 5-β-D-glycosyl-naringenin demonstrated antioxidant action, but only naringenin inhibited the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.Os extratos e frações de Acacia podalyriifolia foram analisados previamente para a atividade antibacteriana através da difusão em disco e as propriedades antioxidantes foram verificadas pela determinação da capacidade removedora do radical livre DPPH e pela mensuração do conteúdo de fenólicos totais (Método de Folin). O presente estudo descreve as atividades antibacteriana (determinação da concentração inibitória mínima) e antioxidante (espécies reativas do ácido tiobarbitúrico - teste TBARS) para o extrato etanólico e as frações diclorometano e acetato de etila e para duas flavanonas (naringenina e 5-β-D-glicosil-naringenina) isoladas das flores de Acacia podalyriifolia A. Cunn. ex G. Don. As flavanonas naringenina e 5-β-D-glicosil-naringenina ainda não haviam sido obtidas desta espécie. A atividade antibacteriana mais efetiva foi observada com a fração acetato de etila (CIM=0,25 mg/mL contra Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538; CIM=0,125 mg/mL, contra Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12229; CIM=0,5 mg/mL contra Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883 e Proteus mirabilis ATCC 43071). As amostras avaliadas demonstraram atividade pelo teste TBARS, especialmente o extrato etanólico (1000 ppm), que foi o mais ativo (29,43% ± 0.65), seguido pela fração acetato de etila (1000 ppm, 24,84% ± 1,28), ambos demonstrando atividade mais elevada que a apresentada pelo ácido ascórbico (1000 ppm, 21,73% ± 1,77), ainda que menor que a do BHT (1000 ppm, 35,15% ± 3,42), ambas substâncias de referência. Naringenina e 5-β-D-glicosil-naringenina demonstraram ação antioxidante, porém somente a naringenina inibiu o crescimento de bactérias gram-positivas e gram-negativas

EFEITOS ALELOPÁTICOS DAS FLORES DA Acacia podalyriaefolia A. CUNN.

Foi investigado o potencial alelopático das flores de Acacia podalyriaefolia A. Cunn.. O estudo da atividade alelopática demonstrou que o extrato etanólico bruto e suas frações diclorometano e acetato de etila tem influência significativa sobre a germinação e crescimento das radículas e hipocótilos de Lactuca sativa. O efeito verificado foi de ativação da germinação das sementes, porém sem o desenvolvimento dos folíolos tornando as mudinhas inviáveis. ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS FROM FLOWERS of Acacia podalyriaefolia A. CUNN. Abstract The allelopathic potential from the flowers of Acacia podalyriaefolia A. Cunn. was investigated. The study of the allelopathic activity have demonstrated that the crude ethanolic extract and its fractions dichloromethane and ethyl acetate have significant influence in the germination and in the growth of radicle and of the hypocotyls from the Lactuca sativa. The effect was the activation of the germination of the seeds, although the developing of the follicles was prejudiced turning the saplings unviable

THE ALLELOPATHIC AND ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIALS OF EXTRACT FROM LEAVES ACACIA LONGIFOLIA (ANDR.) WILLD

RESUMO – Os potenciais alelopático e antifúngico do extrato das folhas de Acacia longifolia (Andr.) Willd foram estudados sobre sementes e plântulas de Lactuca sativa e sobre os fungos patogênicos Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum acutatum, e Cylindrocladium spathulatum.  O percentual de sementes germinadas, o índice de velocidade de germinação, o crescimento da radícula e do hipocótilo e a atividade antifúngica foram avaliados.  O extrato apresentou atividade alelopática sobre percentual de sementes germinadas, sobre o índice de velocidade de germinação e sobre o crescimento do hipocótilo. O extrato estimulou o crescimento micelial do fungo C. acutatum e inibiu o crescimento micelial do F. oxysporum e para o fungo C. spathulatum não foi observada a inibição do crescimento

In vivo antitumoural activity and composition of an oil extract of Brazilian propolis

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate in vivo and in vitro the antitumoural activity of a propolis extract obtained with edible vegetable oil and its fractions and also to investigate its chemical composition by LC–MS and LC–MS/MS. To evaluate the toxicological aspects related to the propolis extract treatment, hematological, biochemical, histopathological and morphological analyses of treated animals were performed. All propolis extracts showed an in vivo antitumour activity in the experimental model with a moderate toxicity effect at experimental exposure levels. The oil extract was as effective as the ethanolic extract at inhibiting tumour growth. In vitro assays showed that the whole oil extract produced better inhibition of tumour cells than its fractions. LC–MS and LC–MS/MS identified four phenolic acids and three flavonoids. The anticancer potential of the oil extract of propolis has been demonstrated and the edible vegetable oil was shown as an attractive alternative solvent to extract bioactive natural propolis components

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio