Paterson Education Fund: Findings from a Citywide Survey of 400 Adults in Paterson, NJ - 2010

Interview dates: March 30 - April 8, 2010. The survey reached 400 adults in Paterson, NJ. The data were weighted slightly by gender and age, in order to ensure that it accurately reflects the demographic configuration of the Paterson population.Margin of error (MOE) for the sample is +/- 4.9 percentage points. The MOE is larger when analyzing data for subgroups (race, gender, region).This presentation also reports on data from 2008 Civic Index study in order to allow a comparison of trends. The 2008 data is from the Paterson Civic Index poll of 400 adults conducted February 27-March 3, 2008 (MOE is the same)

PEN National Civic Index Analysis

See Results of 2008 National Civic Index Poll, conducted by Lake Research

P-glycoprotein, but not multidrug resistance protein 4, plays a role in the systemic clearance of irinotecan and SN-38 in mice

The ATP-binding cassette transporters P-glycoprotein (ABCB1, MDR1) and multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4) efflux irinotecan and its active metabolite SN-38 in vitro, and thus may contribute to system clearance of these compounds. Mdr1a/b(-/-), Mrp4(-/-), and wild-type mice were administered 20 or 40 mg/kg irinotecan, and plasma samples were collected for 6 hours. Irinotecan and SN-38 lactone and carboxylate were quantitated and data were analyzed with nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. Mdr1a/b genotype was a significant covariate for the clearance of both irinotecan lactone and SN-38 lactone. Exposures to irinotecan lactone and SN-38 lactone after a 40 mg/kg dose were 1.6-fold higher in Mdr1a/b(-/-) mice compared to wild-type mice. Plasma concentrations of irinotecan lactone, irinotecan carboxylate, and SN-38 lactone in Mrp4(-/-) mice were similar to the wild-type controls. These results suggest that P-gp plays a role in irinotecan and SN-38 elimination, but Mrp4 does not affect irinotecan or SN-38 plasma pharmacokinetics.Fil: Tagen, Michael. St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Estados UnidosFil: Zhuang, Yanli. St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Estados UnidosFil: Zhang, Fan. St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Estados UnidosFil: Harstead, K. Elaine. St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Estados UnidosFil: Shen, Jun. St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Estados UnidosFil: Schaiquevich, Paula Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Estados UnidosFil: Fraga, Charles H.. St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Estados UnidosFil: Panetta, John C.. St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Estados UnidosFil: Waters, Christopher M.. St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Estados UnidosFil: Stewart, Clinton F.. St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Estados Unido

The Ornaments of the Arma Veirana Early Mesolithic Infant Burial

Personal ornaments are widely viewed as indicators of social identity and personhood. Ornaments are ubiquitous from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene, but they are most often found as isolated objects within archaeological assemblages without direct evidence on how they were displayed. This article presents a detailed record of the ornaments found in direct association with an Early Mesolithic buried female infant discovered in 2017 at the site of Arma Veirana (Liguria, Italy). It uses microscopic, 3D, and positional analyses of the ornaments as well as a preliminary perforation experiment to document how they were perforated, used, and what led to their deposit as part of the infant’s grave goods. This study provides important information on the use of beads in the Early Mesolithic, in general, as well as the relationship between beads and young subadults, in particular. The results of the study suggest that the beads were worn by members of the infant’s community for a considerable period before they were sewn onto a sling, possibly used to keep the infant close to the parents while allowing their mobility, as seen in some modern forager groups. The baby was then likely buried in this sling to avoid reusing the beads that had failed to protect her or simply to create a lasting connection between the deceased infant and her community.publishedVersio

The dynamics of Baroclinic Zonal jets

Multiple alternating zonal jets are a ubiquitous feature of planetary atmospheres and oceans. However, most studies to date have focused on the special case of barotropic jets. Here, the dynamics of freely evolving baroclinic jets are investigated using a two-layer quasigeostrophic annulus model with sloping topography. In a suite of 15 numerical simulations, the baroclinic Rossby radius and baroclinic Rhines scale are sampled by varying the stratification and root-mean-square eddy velocity, respectively. Small-scale eddies in the initial state evolve through geostrophic turbulence and accelerate zonally as they grow in horizontal scale, first isotropically and then anisotropically. This process leads ultimately to the formation of jets, which take about 2500 rotation periods to equilibrate. The kinetic energy spectrum of the equilibrated baroclinic zonal flow steepens from a −3 power law at small scales to a −5 power law near the jet scale. The conditions most favorable for producing multiple alternating baroclinic jets are large baroclinic Rossby radius (i.e., strong stratification) and small baroclinic Rhines scale (i.e., weak root-mean-square eddy velocity). The baroclinic jet width is diagnosed objectively and found to be 2.2–2.8 times larger than the baroclinic Rhines scale, with a best estimate of 2.5 times larger. This finding suggests that Rossby wave motions must be moving at speeds of approximately 6 times the turbulent eddy velocity in order to be capable of arresting the isotropic inverse energy cascade