Postoperative Pain Treatment in Day Surgery: A Quality Improvement Study Examining the Needs of Opioid and Effects of Oxycodone and Morphine

Background: There is sparse literature providing evidence for postoperative pain treatment in day surgery and for differences between morphine and oxycodone. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to examine the need for opioids and the effects of morphine versus oxycodone for pain relief and side effects at home after day surgery. Methods: This study was a prospective observational study with a quasi-randomized approach. Data consisted of self-reported three-day registration of use and the effects of the opioids, their side effects, and patient satisfaction with regards to pain treatment in a Danish day surgery conducting orthopedic and abdominal surgery. The outcomes, including the use of opioids, self-reported pain relief, and related side effects (nausea, fatigue, dizziness, and skin itchiness) were measured by a numeric rating scale and patient satisfaction with regards to pain treatment. Results: Out of the 199 included day surgery patients, 162 (81%) returned self-reported postoperative data. A total of 73% of the patients had used opioids an average of 4 times (range 1 - 16). Median levels of nausea, dizziness, and skin itching were 0 (IQR 0 - 3) whereas the median level of fatigue was 3 (IQR 0 - 6). More than 90% of the patients were satisfied or very satisfied with their postoperative pain treatment. No statistically significant differences were found between oxycodone and morphine in regard to onset time, level, duration of pain treatment, and the experienced side effects. Conclusions: Three-quarters of the patients used opioids after day surgery with a substantially varied number of doses. Few patients experienced substantial side effects, and the patients were generally satisfied with their pain treatment. No significant difference was found between oxycodone and morphine. The need for opioids after day surgery varies substantially and further investigations on individuals and follow-up are needed

Land cover classification using high‐resolution aerial photography in Adventdalen, Svalbard

A methodology was tested for high‐resolution mapping of vegetation and detailed geoecological patterns in the Arctic Tundra, based on aerial imagery from an unmanned aerial vehicle (visible wavelength – RGB, 6 cm pixel resolution) and from an aircraft (visible and near infrared, 20 cm pixel resolution). The scenes were fused at 10 and 20 cm to evaluate their applicability for vegetation mapping in an alluvial fan in dventdalen, Svalbard. Ground‐truthing was used to create training and accuracy evaluation sets. Supervised classification tests were conducted with different band sets, including the original and derived ones, such as and principal component analysis bands. The fusion of all original bands at 10 cm resolution provided the best accuracies. The best classifier was systematically the maximum neighbourhood algorithm, with overall accuracies up to 84%. Mapped vegetation patterns reflect geoecological conditioning factors. The main limitation in the classification was differentiating between the classes graminea, moss and Salix, and moss, graminea and Salix, which showed spectral signature mixing. Silty‐clay surfaces are probably overestimated in the south part of the study area due to microscale shadowing effects. The results distinguished vegetation zones according to a general gradient of ecological limiting factors and show that + high‐resolution imagery are excellent tools for identifying the main vegetation groups within the lowland fan study site of dventdalen, but do not allow for detailed discrimination between species.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cryostratigraphy, sedimentology, and the late Quaternary evolution of the Zackenberg River delta, northeast Greenland

The Zackenberg River delta is located in northeast Greenland (74°30′ N, 20°30′ E) at the outlet of the Zackenberg fjord valley. The fjord-valley fill consists of a series of terraced deltaic deposits (ca. 2 km2) formed during relative sea-level (RSL) fall. We investigated the deposits using sedimentological and cryostratigraphic techniques together with optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. We identify four facies associations in sections (4 to 22 m in height) exposed along the modern Zackenberg River and coast. Facies associations relate to (I) overriding glaciers, (II) retreating glaciers and quiescent glaciomarine conditions, (III) delta progradation in a fjord valley, and (IV) fluvial activity and niveo-aeolian processes. Pore, layered, and suspended cryofacies are identified in two 20 m deep ice-bonded sediment cores. The cryofacies distribution, together with low overall ground-ice content, indicates that permafrost is predominately epigenetic in these deposits. Fourteen OSL ages constrain the deposition of the cored deposits to between approximately 13 and 11 ka, immediately following deglaciation. The timing of permafrost aggradation was closely related to delta progradation and began following the subaerial exposure of the delta plain (ca. 11 ka). Our results reveal information concerning the interplay between deglaciation, RSL change, sedimentation, permafrost aggradation, and the timing of these events. These findings have implications for the timing and mode of permafrost aggradation in other fjord valleys in northeast Greenland

Cryostratigraphy, sedimentology, and the late Quaternary evolution of the Zackenberg River delta, northeast Greenland

The Zackenberg River delta is located in northeast Greenland (74°30′ N, 20°30′ E) at the outlet of the Zackenberg fjord valley. The fjord-valley fill consists of a series of terraced deltaic deposits (ca. 2 km2) formed during relative sea-level (RSL) fall. We investigated the deposits using sedimentological and cryostratigraphic techniques together with optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. We identify four facies associations in sections (4 to 22 m in height) exposed along the modern Zackenberg River and coast. Facies associations relate to (I) overriding glaciers, (II) retreating glaciers and quiescent glaciomarine conditions, (III) delta progradation in a fjord valley, and (IV) fluvial activity and niveo-aeolian processes. Pore, layered, and suspended cryofacies are identified in two 20 m deep ice-bonded sediment cores. The cryofacies distribution, together with low overall ground-ice content, indicates that permafrost is predominately epigenetic in these deposits. Fourteen OSL ages constrain the deposition of the cored deposits to between approximately 13 and 11 ka, immediately following deglaciation. The timing of permafrost aggradation was closely related to delta progradation and began following the subaerial exposure of the delta plain (ca. 11 ka). Our results reveal information concerning the interplay between deglaciation, RSL change, sedimentation, permafrost aggradation, and the timing of these events. These findings have implications for the timing and mode of permafrost aggradation in other fjord valleys in northeast Greenland

Samspil mellem virksomheder og forskning gennem aktionsforskning: vidensproduktion i mode 2

Fra flere sider efterspørges mere forskning, øget udbytte af de anvendte ressourcer til forskning og øget samarbejde mellem videnscentre (højere læreranstalter m.v.) og virksomheder. Samtidigt er der en erkendelse af, at viden også skabes i tæt interaktion mellem forskning og virksomheder og ikke kun i lukkede universitære forskningsmiljøer, og vidensproduktion i Mode 2 fremhæves som et alternativt perspektiv på vidensgenerering. Aktionsforskning tilbyder sig her som en mulig løsning på nogle af disse udfordringer. Artiklen redegør for baggrunden for aktionsforskning og forskellige former for aktionsforskning og diskuterer de udfordringer og muligheder denne metode giver set i forhold til positivistisk vidensproduktion. Endelig illustreres metoden fra et konkret samarbejdsprojekt med en virksomhed, og erfaringerne herfra diskuteres og perspektiveres

Rangeland grazing management in argentine Patagonia

Stocking rate adjustment in grazing management is recommended as a management tool to sustain productivity and improve soil health of permanent grassland ecosystems. The aim of this project was to assess the effect of stocking rates under continuous grazing or simple levels of rotational grazing systems on the local environment, when using a moderate or high grazing intensity in the Argentine Patagonia. The parameters investigated were: 1) soil water infiltration and water retention capacity, 2) soil organic matter, N, erosion, and respiration and 3) Plant composition profiles, aboveground net primary production (ANPP), biomass above- and below- ground, physical plant characteristics, and species diversity. In the humid Magellanic grass steppe static rotational grazing was found to increase soil water infiltration rates, N, proportions of forbs and shrubs, root/aerial plant ratio, number of plant species, and proportion of dead plant. Continuous grazing had a greater ANPP, proportion of bare soil, and grasses and graminoids. Under silvopastoral Andean vegetation conditions, rotational grazing resulted in increased root biomass, root/aerial plant ratio, and proportion of forbs compared to continuous grazing, which was found to increase soil organic matter, N, plant length, root depth, aerial plant biomass, soil respiration, proportion of bare soil and dead plants compared to rotational grazing. Intensive grazing negatively influenced soil water, soil and vegetation parameters. The results indicated that adjustment of stocking rate or rotational grazing has a potential to store more biomass than continuous grazing.EEA Santa CruzFil: Bjerring, Anna Trier. University of Copenhagen. Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences. Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; DinamarcaFil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Christiansen, Rodolfo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Christiansen, Rodolfo. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.Fil: Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Einar. University of Copenhagen. Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences. Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; DinamarcaFil: Hansen, Hanne Helene. University of Copenhagen. Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences. Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Dinamarc