Por una historia de las políticas del psicoanálisis: institucionalización, formación y posición política de los analistas

Abordamos a história política da psicanálise como um movimento em torno de ideias e práticas psicológicas não para construir uma historiografia desse movimento, mas para esboçar uma narrativa de valor histórico sobre certos aspectos institucionais da psicanálise que indicam o modo pelo qual ela fez política em meio a sua institucionalização. Partimos do posicionamento político dos psicanalistas e suas teorias para delimitar algumas interpenetrações entre ambos, examinando três autores, Paul Federn, Otto Fenichel e Ernest Jones, passando em seguida à constituição do movimento psicanalítico e à propaganda da causa freudiana. Nossa hipótese é de que, apesar das diferentes posições e forças políticas dentro da psicanálise, elas convergiram em direção à defesa de uma causa. Assim, fica mais clara a constituição e a expansão do movimento psicanalítico durante suas primeiras cinco décadas rumo a uma aparente unificação.Abordamos la historia política del psicoanálisis como un movimiento alrededor de ideas y prácticas psicológicas no para construir una historiografía de este movimiento, sino para bosquejar una narrativa de valor histórico respecto de ciertos aspectos institucionales del psicoanálisis que indican el modo en que este hace política durante su institucionalización. Partimos del posicionamiento político de los analistas y su producción teórica para delimitar algunas interpenetraciones entre ambos. Examinamos tres autores: Paul Federn, Otto Fenichel y Ernest Jones. A continuación, abordamos la constitución del movimiento psicoanalítico y la propaganda de la causa freudiana. Nuestra hipótesis es que, pese a las diferentes posiciones y fuerzas políticas en el psicoanálisis, estas convergieron hacia la defensa de una causa. Así queda más clara la constitución y expansión del movimiento psicoanalítico durante sus cinco primeras décadas hacia una aparente unificación.The political history of psychoanalysis is approached as a movement around psychological ideas and practices not in order to draw a historiography of such movement, but to sketch a historically valuable narrative in regards to certain institutional aspects of psychoanalysis, which show the way through which it has taken political actions within its institutionalization. Based on the psychoanalysts’ political stances and their theories, we outlined some intersections among them, analyzing three authors, Paul Federn, Otto Fenichel, and Ernest Jones, and then analyzing the constitution of the psychoanalytical movement and the Freudian cause propaganda. Our hypothesis is that, despite the different stances and political forces that exist within psychoanalysis, they have converged towards the defense of one cause. Thus, the constitution and expansion of the psychoanalytical movement becomes clearer during its first five decades towards a seeming unificationNous abordons l’histoire politique de la psychanalyse comme un mouvement autour des idées et pratiques psychologiques non avec l’intention de construire une historiographie de ce mouvement, mais d’ébaucher une narrative de valeur historique sur certains aspects institutionnels de la psychanalyse qui indiquent la manière dont elle fit de la politique dans son institutionnalisation. Nous commençons à partir de la position politique des psychanalystes et ses productions théoriques pour définir des interpénétrations entre les deux dimensions. Nous examinons trois auteurs : Paul Federn, Otto Fenichel et Ernest Jones. Ensuite nous abordons la constitution du mouvement psychanalytique et la propagande de la cause freudienne. Notre hypothèse est que, malgré les différentes positions et forces politiques au sein de la psychanalyse, elles convergent vers la défense d’une cause. Il devient donc clair l’établissement et l’expansion du mouvement psychanalytique au cours de ses cinq premières décennies en direction d’une apparente unification

The importance of microbial mats for dolomite formation in the Dohat Faishakh sabkha, Qatar

The Dohat Faishakh sabkha in Qatar is one of the rare modern environments where it is possible to study the formation of dolomite, a mineral whose origin has been long debated. In previous studies, dolomite formation in this area was considered to be the result of a penecontemporaneous replacement of aragonite, occurring in the presence of Mg-rich evaporated pore-waters. However, a re-investigation of the sabkha revealed that dolomite is not forming exclusively under the evaporitic conditions that characterize the supratidal zone, but also in microbial mats that colonize the lower intertidal zone, indicating that evaporated pore-waters are not a strict requirement for the mineralization process. Moreover, in the supratidal zone, portions of the sediment that are rich in dolomite are also relatively richer in organic material, which derives from partially degraded microbial mats buried in the sediments. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that constitute microbial mats are recognized as an important component for the formation of Mg-rich carbonates. The presence of living and decaying microbial mats comprising EPS, rather than a replacement process, may be the key factor for dolomite formation in the Dohat Faishakh sabkha.Swiss National Science Foundatio

How Latin American multinational companies’ institutional capabilities influence ownership in cross-border acquisitions

Objective: Multinational Companies (MNCs) can learn from their experience in host countries and develop an ability to deal with specific institutional inefficiencies. We advance that MNCs’ institutional capabilities, or the capabilities to deal with institutionally underdeveloped milieus, will likely lower the ownership requirements in subsequent deals. Method: Using regressions with a secondary dataset of 1,686 cross-border acquisitions (CBA) made by Latin American firms worldwide, we investigate how the MNCs’ priorly-acquired capabilities of operating in countries with underdeveloped regulatory quality, less effective rule of law, and lower corruption control lower the ownership acquired in subsequent acquisition deals. Main Results: We show that MNCs with experiences with CBA in countries with poor institutional contexts learn how to work in those contexts. Hence, these MNCs build capabilities that make them more likely to take a lower ownership stake in future CBAs. Relevance/ Originality: There is still much to be understood regarding the extent to which the knowledge developed in one country could be extrapolated and used in another country with similar problems. We delve into this matter with an institution-based view. Theoretical/ Methodological Contributions: This study thus contributes to a better understanding of the effect of MNCs’ institutional capabilities for operating in institutionally inefficient countries on the ownership stakes required

Is dry soil planting an adaptation strategy for maize cultivation in semi-arid Tanzania?

Agriculture has the greatest potential to lift the African continent out of poverty and alleviate hunger. Among the countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Tanzania has an abundance of natural resources and major agricultural potential. However, one of the most important constraints facing Tanzania’s agricultural sector is the dependence on unreliable and irregular weather, including rainfall. A strategy to cope with climate uncertainty in semi-arid regions is to proceed with the sowing of the crop before the onset of the rainy season. The advantage is that when the rains start, seeds are already in the soil and can begin immediately the process of germination. The objective of this paper was to assess the effectiveness of dry-soil planting for maize as an adaptation strategy in the context of a changing climate in Dodoma, a semi-arid region in Tanzania. For this assessment, the DSSAT crop model was used in combination with climate scenarios based on representative concentration pathways. A probability of crop failure of more than 80% can be expected when sowing occurs during the planting window (of 21 days) starting on 1st November. The next planting window we assessed, starting on 23rd November (which was still before the onset of rain), presented significantly lower probabilities of crop failure, indicating that sowing before the onset of the rainy season is a suitable adaptation strategy. Results also indicated that, despite not reaching the highest maize grain yields, fields prepared for dry-soil planting still produced adequate yields. The cultivation of several fields using the dry planting method is a strategy farmers can use to cope with low rainfall conditions, since it increases the chances of harvesting at least some of the cultivated fields. We conclude that dry-soil planting is a feasible and valid technique, even in scenarios of climate change, in order to provide acceptable maize yields in semi-arid Tanzania

Germany's 'coronavirus anomaly': Statistical evidence that early mass testing leads to low mortality rates

In this note, we present a statistical analysis of the mortality rates of COVID-19 for several selected European countries. We compare the countries' mortality rates with their respective number of tests as a function of the time since the first death. Our analysis shows that countries that either delayed mass testing, such as Italy, or have not fully adopted it, such as France and the UK, have had much higher mortality rates than Germany, which has adopted a policy of wide and early testing. Conversely, countries that have followed Germany's example, such as Portugal, have so far had comparatively low mortality rates

Coautoria em Administração no Brasil: Pressões, Complementaridades e Produtividade

This study aims at understanding why Brazilian management scholars write in co-authorship, what contributions it guarantees and which criteria and practices are used to order authorship in the articles. Given the evidence that the majority of articles are written in co-authorship, this study contributes to understand the reality of Management at university as to what drives researchers to write in co-authorship. The data used were collected through a survey from a sample of 171 respondents that published in Brazilian journals of Management, and subject to descriptive statistical analyses. This study contributes to the current debate on the pressures to publish and the co-authorship ties in Management. With the co-authorships the researchers search to pool together complementary competences and knowledge and increase the number and quality of the articles. Effective collaboration in co-authorship is what researchers value and seek, perhaps given the greater perceived difficulty to publish in higher status journals, but the diversity of motivations that preside to the co-authorships permit to anticipate they will develop collaborative networks of research with high diversity.Keywords: co-authoring, co-authors, scientific publications, publishing, collaborative research, Management.Neste estudo, busca-se entender por que os pesquisadores brasileiros em Administração escrevem em coautoria, quais as contribuições merecedoras de coautorias e quais critérios e práticas usam na ordenação da autoria no artigo. Face à evidência de que a maioria dos artigos é escrita dessa forma, este estudo contribui para entender a realidade na academia em Administração quanto ao que leva os pesquisadores a escrever em coautoria. Os dados usados foram coletados por questionário em uma amostra de 171 pesquisadores que publicaram em periódicos brasileiros de Administração, sujeitos a análises de estatística descritiva. Este estudo contribui para o debate atual sobre as pressões para publicar e, em especial, as relações de coautoria em Administração. Com elas, os pesquisadores visam juntar competências e conhecimentos complementares e aumentar o número e a qualidade dos artigos. A colaboração efetiva nesse modo de escrita é o que os pesquisadores valorizam e buscam, talvez pela maior dificuldade percebida para publicar nos periódicos de estratos mais altos, mas a diversidade de motivações que dirigem as coautorias permite antever que desenvolverão redes colaborativas de pesquisa com alta diversidade.Palavras-chave: coautoria, coautores, publicação científica, pesquisa colaborativa, Administração

The best of two worlds: Combining the DSM-5 and ICD-11 clusters of symptoms for posttraumatic stress disorder in a single screening scale

Objectives: The most recent DSM-5 (2013) and ICD-11 (2018) diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) encompass 20 and six symptoms, respectively, organized in different structures. This study aimed to investigate the dimensions of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist 5 (PCL-5) according to the DSM-5’s broader definition of PTSD and the ICD-11’s narrower approach, as well as to explore an alternative restricted model that retains the core symptoms explicitly related to traumatic experiences. Methods: Data were gathered from Brazilian employees (n=1,101) who had directly experienced traumatic life events or had been exposed to them because of their work activities. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) were used to evaluate the configural and metric structures of the models. Results: We estimated seven models of the latent structure of PTSD including the four-factor DSM-5 and three-factor ICD-11 PTSD models. Given the lack of evidence of their validity, an alternative 10-symptom model was tested. The final seven-item PTSD model considerably improved estimation of the PTSD construct. This solution showed reliable items with non-redundant content, acceptable fit indices, and satisfactory configural and metric properties. Conclusion: The more parsimonious one-dimensional model comprising the core PTSD symptoms has the potential to improve assessment of PTSD

Política pública para a agricultura familiar: avaliação do Programa Paranaense “Fábrica do Agricultor”

In the state of Paraná, in 1999 the Family Agribusiness program "Factory Farmer" (PFA) was created with the objective of adding value to products from family farming through the vertical integration of production by small agro-industrialization. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the Family Agribusiness program "Factory Farmer". The research was conducted descriptively as to approach their goals with the use of bibliographic research techniques, document research and survey, using structured interviews. The policy presented different results between the proposed objectives, being extremely successful in technological innovation objectives, market focus and support for family farming. He highlighted the importance of family farming in Paraná state and the significant contribution of public policies to strengthen family farming.No Estado do Paraná, em 1999 foi criado o programa Agroindústria Familiar “Fábrica do Agricultor”-PFA, com o objetivo de agregar valor aos produtos oriundos da agricultura familiar através da verticalização da produção pela agroindustrialização de pequeno porte. Assim, o objetivo geral deste estudo consistiu em avaliar o programa Agroindústria Familiar “Fábrica do Agricultor”. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida de forma descritiva quanto à abordagem dos seus objetivos, com a utilização das técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa documental e levantamento, com a utilização de entrevistas estruturadas. A política apresentou resultados diferenciados entre os objetivos propostos, sendo extremamente bem sucedida nos objetivos de inovação tecnológica, foco no mercado e apoio à agricultura familiar. Ficou evidenciado a relevância da agricultura familiar no estado paranaense e a significativa contribuição das políticas públicas para o fortalecimento da agricultura familiar

Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of Metarhizium anisopliae during tick mimicked infection condition

Background: The Metarhizium genus harbors important entomopathogenic fungi. These species have been widely explored as biological control agents, and strategies to improve the fungal virulence are under investigation. Thus, the interaction between Metarhizium species and susceptible hosts have been explored employing different methods in order to characterize putative virulence determinants. However, the impact of epigenetic modulation on the infection cycle of Metarhizium is still an open topic. Among the different epigenetic modifications, DNA methylation of cytosine bases is an important mechanism to control gene expression in several organisms. To better understand if DNA methylation can govern Metarhizium-host interactions, the genome-wide DNA methylation profile of Metarhizium anisopliae was explored in two conditions: tick mimicked infection and a saprophytic-like control. Results: Using a genome wide DNA methylation profile based on bisulfite sequencing (BS-Seq), approximately 0.60% of the total cytosines were methylated in saprophytic-like condition, which was lower than the DNA methylation level (0.89%) in tick mimicked infection condition. A total of 670 mRNA genes were found to be putatively methylated, with 390 mRNA genes uniquely methylated in the tick mimicked infection condition. GO terms linked to response to stimuli, cell wall morphogenesis, cytoskeleton morphogenesis and secondary metabolism biosynthesis were over-represented in the tick mimicked infection condition, suggesting that energy metabolism is directed towards the regulation of genes associated with infection. However, recognized virulence determinants known to be expressed at distinct infection steps, such as the destruxin backbone gene and the collagen-like protein gene Mcl1, were found methylated, suggesting that a dynamic pattern of methylation could be found during the infectious process. These results were further endorsed employing RT-qPCR from cultures treated or not with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Azacytidine. Conclusions: The set of genes here analyzed focused on secondary metabolites associated genes, known to be involved in several processes, including virulence. The BS-Seq pipeline and RT-qPCR analysis employing 5- Azacytidine led to identification of methylated virulence genes in M. anisopliae. The results provided evidences that DNA methylation in M. anisopliae comprises another layer of gene expression regulation, suggesting a main role of DNA methylation regulating putative virulence determinants during M. anisopliae infection cycle