Theoretische und experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Entwicklung supraleitender resistiver Strombegrenzer

In dieser Arbeit wurden unterschiedliche, aktuell verfügbare Hochtemperatursupraleiter aus YBa2Cu3O7-x, sogenannte YBCO-Bandleiter, für die Verwendung in supraleitenden resistiven Strombegrenzern systematisch untersucht. Auf Grundlage dieser Untersuchungen wurde ein allgemeiner Entwurfsgang mit zugehörigen Entwurfsgleichungen erstellt sowie ein konzeptioneller Entwurf eines Strombegrenzer-Prototypen für die 10 kV-Mittelspannungsebene durchgeführt mit Abschätzung der Investitionskosten

On the complexity of the Saccharomyces bayanus taxon: hybridization and potential hybrid speciation

Although the genus Saccharomyces has been thoroughly studied, some species in the genus has not yet been accurately resolved; an example is S. bayanus, a taxon that includes genetically diverse lineages of pure and hybrid strains. This diversity makes the assignation and classification of strains belonging to this species unclear and controversial. They have been subdivided by some authors into two varieties (bayanus and uvarum), which have been raised to the species level by others. In this work, we evaluate the complexity of 46 different strains included in the S. bayanus taxon by means of PCR-RFLP analysis and by sequencing of 34 gene regions and one mitochondrial gene. Using the sequence data, and based on the S. bayanus var. bayanus reference strain NBRC 1948, a hypothetical pure S. bayanus was reconstructed for these genes that showed alleles with similarity values lower than 97% with the S. bayanus var. uvarum strain CBS 7001, and of 99¿100% with the non S. cerevisiae portion in S. pastorianus Weihenstephan 34/70 and with the new species S. eubayanus. Among the S. bayanus strains under study, different levels of homozygosity, hybridization and introgression were found; however, no pure S. bayanus var. bayanus strain was identified. These S. bayanus hybrids can be classified into two types: homozygous (type I) and heterozygous hybrids (type II), indicating that they have been originated by different hybridization processes. Therefore, a putative evolutionary scenario involving two different hybridization events between a S. bayanus var. uvarum and unknown European S. eubayanus-like strains can be postulated to explain the genomic diversity observed in our S. bayanus var. bayanus strains

Theoretische und experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Entwicklung supraleitender resistiver Strombegrenzer

In dieser Arbeit wurden unterschiedliche, aktuell verfügbare Hochtemperatursupraleiter aus YBa2Cu3O7-x, sogenannte YBCO-Bandleiter, für die Verwendung in supraleitenden resistiven Strombegrenzern systematisch untersucht.Auf Grundlage dieser Untersuchungen wurde ein allgemeiner Entwurfsgang mit zugehörigen Entwurfsgleichungen erstellt sowie ein konzeptioneller Entwurf eines Strombegrenzer-Prototypen für die 10 kV-Mittelspannungsebene durchgeführt mit Abschätzung der Investitionskosten

Dissection of quantitative traits by bulk segregant mapping in a protoploid yeast species.

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Comparison of high-resolution ultrasound and MR-enterography in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

AIM: To compare the results of high-resolution ultrasound (HR-US) and magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) examinations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Variation of the meiotic recombination landscape and properties over a broad evolutionary distance in yeasts

<div><p>Meiotic recombination is a major factor of genome evolution, deeply characterized in only a few model species, notably the yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>. Consequently, little is known about variations of its properties across species. In this respect, we explored the recombination landscape of <i>Lachancea kluyveri</i>, a protoploid yeast species that diverged from the <i>Saccharomyces</i> genus more than 100 million years ago and we found striking differences with <i>S</i>. <i>cerevisiae</i>. These variations include a lower recombination rate, a higher frequency of chromosomes segregating without any crossover and the absence of recombination on the chromosome arm containing the sex locus. In addition, although well conserved within the <i>Saccharomyces</i> clade, the <i>S</i>. <i>cerevisiae</i> recombination hotspots are not conserved over a broader evolutionary distance. Finally and strikingly, we found evidence of frequent reversal of commitment to meiosis, resulting in return to mitotic growth after allele shuffling. Identification of this major but underestimated evolutionary phenomenon illustrates the relevance of exploring non-model species.</p></div

Distribution of LOH events across the 49 sequenced tetrads.

<p>(A) Location of the LOH regions along the genome for each tetrad. Colors correspond to the allelic version conserved. Tetrads flagged by a red dot do not carry any LOH. The two tetrads flagged by a black star have all their centromeres included in LOH regions. (B) Frequency of LOH events along the genome across the 49 tetrads using a 5kb sliding window. The frequency of LOH conserving NBRC10955 alleles (blue area) is added to the frequency of LOH conserving 67–588 alleles (orange area) to provide the total frequency of LOH events along the genome. (C) Frequency of LOHips along the genome using a 5 kb window. Region 5 is a hotspot of LOHips and overlaps with the <i>VMA1</i> gene. A total of 470 LOHips were detected across the 38 tetrads with LOH.</p

Visualization of meiotic DSB hotspots on <i>L</i>. <i>kluyveri</i> chromosomes C, D and E.

<p><i>L</i>. <i>kluyveri</i> meiotic chromosomes were separated by PFGE and revealed with telomere proximal probes after Southern blot. The strain CBS10367 <i>Δsae2</i>/<i>Δsae2</i> was used for a better visualization of the broken chromosomes. Left parts, ethidium bromide stained gels. Right parts, radioactive signals of the corresponding membranes after Southern blot. M, molecular size marker corresponding to mitotic <i>S</i>. <i>cerevisiae</i> chromosomes. Chromosomes are represented vertically, with the location of the probe used. Grey dots indicate centromeres location. Note that the exposure of chromosome C was increased compared to chromosome D and E to better visualize the centromeric proximal DSB hotspot. This underlines the weaker DSB level on chromosome C.</p