Advances and challenges in grid tied photovoltaic systems

Photovoltaic (PV) technology is gathering momentum around the word. Global PV energy harvest has been more than doubled since 2010. Grid connected PV (GCPV) systems can be found in different scales classified into three categories of small scale, medium scale and utility scale. Considering size of the system various configurations are suggested for the GCPV systems while each configuration might be assessed by factors such as efficiency, reliability, expandability and cost. Moreover, high integration of GCPV systems into the power system network creates several technical problems mostly coming from the intermittent nature of solar energy. In addition, to achieve a higher degree of power system reliability, GCPV systems are required to support the grid in abnormal condition such a faults and deviation from standard frequency. This paper provides a comprehensive review on GCPV systems. Various configuration proposed by the literature will be discussed. Cost study and impact of technical and environmental factors on the total expense and revenue of GCPV installation will be investigated. Different aspects of PV integration into the power network will be discussed. Problem and solutions will be studied as well. Finally grid requirements and active and reactive power support will be reviewed. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Flora of Singapore: Checklist and bibliography

A checklist of all species of bryophytes, lycophytes, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms that are found in the wild (native, naturalised and casual) in Singapore is presented. We have attempted to account for all names of species and infraspecific taxa that have ever been recorded for Singapore, along with the pertinent publications that reported each of these names. For each currently accepted name, the synonyms of relevance for Singapore are included. The native or non-native status for all taxa is given, along with the most recent national conservation assessment applied to each native taxon. If we were aware that the most recent assessment required an update, the taxon is newly assessed here. The checklist includes 2654 native taxa, 479 naturalised/casual taxa and 101 cryptogenic taxa

Special Libraries, April 1933

Volume 24, Issue 3https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sla_sl_1933/1002/thumbnail.jp

CXCR4 identifies transitional bone marrow premonocytes that replenish the mature monocyte pool for peripheral responses

It is well established that Ly6C(hi) monocytes develop from common monocyte progenitors (cMoPs) and reside in the bone marrow (BM) until they are mobilized into the circulation. In our study, we found that BM Ly6C(hi) monocytes are not a homogenous population, as current data would suggest. Using computational analysis approaches to interpret multidimensional datasets, we demonstrate that BM Ly6C(hi) monocytes consist of two distinct subpopulations (CXCR4(hi) and CXCR4(lo) subpopulations) in both mice and humans. Transcriptome studies and in vivo assays revealed functional differences between the two subpopulations. Notably, the CXCR4(hi) subset proliferates and is immobilized in the BM for the replenishment of functionally mature CXCR4(lo) monocytes. We propose that the CXCR4(hi) subset represents a transitional premonocyte population, and that this sequential step of maturation from cMoPs serves to maintain a stable pool of BM monocytes. Additionally, reduced CXCR4 expression on monocytes, upon their exit into the circulation, does not reflect its diminished role in monocyte biology. Specifically, CXCR4 regulates monocyte peripheral cellular activities by governing their circadian oscillations and pulmonary margination, which contributes toward lung injury and sepsis mortality. Together, our study demonstrates the multifaceted role of CXCR4 in defining BM monocyte heterogeneity and in regulating their function in peripheral tissues

Development and application of an indoor air quality audit to an air-conditioned building in Singapore

10.1016/S0360-1323(99)00064-5Building and Environment362181-188BUEN

Building-in reliability for silver die attached light emitting diodes

Microelectronics Reliability343495-507MCRL

Safer childbirth: avoiding medical interventions for non-medical reasons

10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60055-4The Lancet3759713440-44

Ontogenetic shifts in carapace patterning and/or colouration in intertidal and subtidal brachyuran crabs

Raffles Bulletin of Zoology572543-55

Water Mitigation Effects on the Detonations in Confined Chamber and Tunnel System

The water mitigation effects on the detonations of explosive in a confined cube chamber are studied by use of a numerical code. Significant mitigation effects on shock pressure at various loading densities, various water/explosive mass ratios and various air gaps are obtained. Reduction of final static pressure is also obtained because water absorbs the energy released from the detonations through being compressed and vaporized. On the basis of this study, the detonations in a tunnel system with vent are further simulated. The numerical results are compared with the experimental data, and the water mitigation effects on shock pressure are verified