Structural Characterization and Anti-HSV-1 and HSV-2 Activity of Glycolipids from the Marine Algae Osmundaria obtusiloba Isolated from Southeastern Brazilian Coast

Glycolipids were extracted from the red alga Osmundaria obtusiloba from Southeastern Brazilian coast. The acetone insoluble material was extracted with chloroform/methanol and the lipids, enriched in glycolipids, were fractionated on a silica gel column eluted with chloroform, acetone and then methanol. Three major orcinol-positive bands were found in the acetone and methanol fractions, being detected by thin layer chromatography. The structures of the corresponding glycolipids were elucidated by ESI-MS and 1H/13C NMR analysis, on the basis of their tandem-MS behavior and HSQC, TOCSY fingerprints. For the first time, the structure of sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol from the red alga Osmundaria obtusiloba was characterized. This molecule exhibited potent antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2 with EC50 values of 42 µg/mL to HSV-1 and 12 µg/mL to HSV-2, respectively. Two other glycolipids, mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerol, were also found in the alga, being characterized by ESI-MS/MS. The structural elucidation of algae glycolipids is a first step for a better understanding of the relation between these structures and their biological activities

Stepwise extraction of high-value chemicals from Arthrospira (Spirulina) and an economic feasibility study

Arthrospira (Spirulina) consists of diverse high-value chemicals, such as phycocyanin, lipids/total fatty acids (TFA), and polysaccharides, which have been used for food, cosmetic and pharmacological applications. This study compared various stepwise extraction processes for these high-value chemicals. Considering the yield and properties of extracts, the most suitable extraction order was phycocyanin, lipid/TFA and polysaccharides. The yield of the main product (food-grade phycocyanin) was 8.66% of the biomass dry weight, whereas the yields of the subsequent lipid/TFA and polysaccharide coproducts were 3.55% and 0.72%, respectively. The economic analysis showed that producing phycocyanin alone was economically feasible, but producing coproducts (lipid/TFA and polysaccharides) was not. The production cost of phycocyanin was US$ 249.70 kg−1, which is an encouraging figure for large-scale production. Moreover, the phycocyanin content of Arthrospira materials utilized for extraction should not be lower than 15% of dry weight to ensure positive the net present value (NPV) of investment. Keywords: Arthrospira (Spirulina), Phycocyanin, Lipid/TFA, Polysaccharide, Economic feasibilit

Total Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship of Glycoglycerolipids from Marine Organisms

Glycoglycerolipids occur widely in natural products, especially in the marine species. Glycoglycerolipids have been shown to possess a variety of bioactivities. This paper will review the different methodologies and strategies for the synthesis of biological glycoglycerolipids and their analogs for bioactivity assay. In addition, the bioactivities and structure-activity relationship of the glycoglycerolipids are also briefly outlined