Social mobilization and media framing in the journalistic coverage of oil survey permits in the Mediterranean

The granting of hydrocarbon exploration permits in the Gulf of Valencia in 2010 brought thousands of citizens of the Valencian Community and the Balearic Islands to the streets until 2015 when the beneficiary company renounced to carry out the project. As in other cases of citizen protests, different concerns and positions were expressed in the media. Knowing the media frameworks around these projects is the main objective of this research. Specifically, the research looks to identify the presentation of positions for or against the risks and potential benefits, and to determine the presence of social mobilization as an information source in the coverage of the three reference newspapers in the affected area: Levante-EMV (Valencia), Mediterráneo (Castellón) and Diario de Ibiza. From the theoretical perspective of framing, the frames used in reporting are revealed in terms of the definition of the problem. The results of the analysis of 1,258 texts have made it possible to identify frames of benefit and risk, much more frequent on the latter, focusing on the economic risk for tourism and fishing, and above all, on environmental risk. The frame of benefit referred to the economic advantages that would reduce the dependence on energy, occupies a discreet place since, in this case, the main actors in the conflict -politicians and civil society- coincided in their arguments, both becoming protagonists of media discourse in their role as sources

CARWASH WASTEWATERS: CHARACTERISTICS, VOLUMES, AND TREATABILITY BY GRAVITY OIL SEPARATION

The aim of this research was to determine the characteristics, volumes and treatability of Full-service carwash wastewaters in Toluca (Mexico State). The average water use for Exterior-only wash was 50 L per small-size car and 170 L per medium-size vehicle (pick up, van or light truck). The Full-service wash (exterior, engine and chassis) required 170 L per small-size car and 300 L per light truck. Wastewaters were generally emulsified and contained high contaminant loads (in average, 1100 mg/L oil and grease, 4500 mg/L COD and 3500 mg/L Total Suspended Solids). Gravity oil separators used in the car washing facilities were able to reduce the pollutant loads (showing a 80 % efficiency) but usually not enough to meet the sewer discharge standards or reuse requirements. The data provided by the study are useful for screening the applicable technologies and setting the design capacity of the reclaim systems that are needed in the Mexican car washing sector

Agronomic biofortification with selenium improves the yield and nutraceutical quality in tomato under soilless conditions

Selenium (Se) is an essential element for humans. Its consumption comes from food of animal or vegetal origin; whose content varies widely depending on its availability in soil or anthropogenic sources. Biofortification improves food nutritional quality, and its consumption has a positive influence in human health. Thus, the objective of this research was to assess agricultural biofortification with Se in tomato fruit and its effects on yield, nutraceutical quality, and antioxidant capacity.  Five Se doses (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mg L-1) in the form of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) were added in a nutritional solution in a hydroponic system.  The results obtained indicated that agricultural biofortification with Se applied in the nutritional solution improved yield, nutraceutical quality, and Se concentration in tomato fruit. The optimum Se dose that maximized yield and nutraceutical quality, as well as the recommended consumption concentration in tomato fruit in this study was 2 mg L-1 (Na2SeO4) because higher doses decreased yield and bioactive compound biosynthesis. Incorporating Se in the nutritional solution is an alternative to increase phytochemical compound biosynthesis in tomato fruit and yield with the possibility of improving public health with its consumption

Critical Response Models for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Epidemics

28 pages, 1 article*Critical Response Models for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Epidemics* (Oritz, Johnsie; Rivera, Manuel A.; Rubin, Daniel; Ruiz, Israel; Hernandez, Carlos M.; Castillo-Chavez, Carlos) 28 page

Preventive Conservation and Restoration Monitoring of Heritage Buildings Based on Fuzzy Logic

This article discusses the usability of the Art-Risk 3.0 software for research on the conservation of heritage buildings. It is a new and free software based on fuzzy logic, which enables the assessment of preventive conservation and surveillance of the restoration of heritage buildings over a period of time. This artificial intelligence-based tool considers the vulnerability of buildings, their environ ments, and their management to evaluate the necessity of their restoration or preventive con servation. To validate the Art-Risk 3.0, 500 theoretical case studies were analyzed, and a 14th century Mudejar-Gothic-style Church in Seville, Spain was studied both before and after its restora tion to identify post-restoration changes. This proof of concept demonstrates the capability of the Art-Risk 3.0 software to analyze environmental impacts on the vulnerability, risk, and functional service life of buildings, and assess the effectiveness of restoration activities. Additionally, this software identifies the most problematic factors and the necessity of restoration.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad BIA2015- 64878-R (RETOS)Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación PID2019-107257RB-I00 (FENIX)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades EQC2019-005780-P (Ambulab-LAB)Junta de Andalucía PYC20 RE 034 UPO RESILIENT-TOURISMMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación PTA2019-01688

Complex master-slave enhanced optical coherence microscopy

We present an instrument designed to facilitate localization and high-resolution, optical coherence microscopy (OCM) imaging of small biological samples immersed in a medium several orders of magnitude greater in volume. A modified turret-equipped microscope stand was inserted into the sample arm of a spectral domain optical coherence microscopy (SD-OCM) system. The instrument enabled swift change of imaging objectives through the incorporation of complex master-slave interferometry (CMSI), providing tolerance to dispersion for any objective through the acquisition of a few (≥2) calibration spectra. We demonstrate the instrument’s ability to localize and image samples by providing examples of its application to optical phantoms and to a porcine oocyte immersed in a biological culture medium

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file