14 research outputs found

    Dissecting the Shared Genetic Architecture of Suicide Attempt, Psychiatric Disorders, and Known Risk Factors

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    Background Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, and nonfatal suicide attempts, which occur far more frequently, are a major source of disability and social and economic burden. Both have substantial genetic etiology, which is partially shared and partially distinct from that of related psychiatric disorders. Methods We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 29,782 suicide attempt (SA) cases and 519,961 controls in the International Suicide Genetics Consortium (ISGC). The GWAS of SA was conditioned on psychiatric disorders using GWAS summary statistics via multitrait-based conditional and joint analysis, to remove genetic effects on SA mediated by psychiatric disorders. We investigated the shared and divergent genetic architectures of SA, psychiatric disorders, and other known risk factors. Results Two loci reached genome-wide significance for SA: the major histocompatibility complex and an intergenic locus on chromosome 7, the latter of which remained associated with SA after conditioning on psychiatric disorders and replicated in an independent cohort from the Million Veteran Program. This locus has been implicated in risk-taking behavior, smoking, and insomnia. SA showed strong genetic correlation with psychiatric disorders, particularly major depression, and also with smoking, pain, risk-taking behavior, sleep disturbances, lower educational attainment, reproductive traits, lower socioeconomic status, and poorer general health. After conditioning on psychiatric disorders, the genetic correlations between SA and psychiatric disorders decreased, whereas those with nonpsychiatric traits remained largely unchanged. Conclusions Our results identify a risk locus that contributes more strongly to SA than other phenotypes and suggest a shared underlying biology between SA and known risk factors that is not mediated by psychiatric disorders.Peer reviewe

    Asservissement visuel 2d sur des formes complexes grĂące Ă  une description polaire

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    This paper deals with the way to achieve robotic positioning tasks by 2D visual servoing. We consider the case when the considered objects have a complex and unknown shape. First, we are interested in the computation of an analytical expression of the interaction matrix with regards to the visual features extracted from the image contour of the observed object. We illustrate this way to proceed thanks to a polar description of the contour. Experimental results validate the proposed algorithm. In particular, the robustness of the control law is tested with regards to a coarse calibrated system, to an approximation of the depth of the object, and to partial occlusion.Cet article traite de la façon de rĂ©aliser des tĂąches robotiques par asservissement visuel 2D. Nous considĂ©rons le cas oĂč l'objet observĂ© est complexe et de forme inconnue. Dans un premier temps, nous nous intĂ©ressons au calcul de l'expression analytique de la matrice d'interaction par rapport Ă  des informations visuels issues de l'image de l'objet observĂ©. Nous illustrons cette façon de procĂ©der grĂące Ă  une description polaire du contour. Des rĂ©sultats expĂ©rimentaux valident l'algorithme proposĂ©. En particulier, la robustesse de la loi de commande est testĂ©e vis-Ă -vis d'un systĂšme grossiĂšrement calibrĂ©, d'une approximation sur la profondeur et d'une occlusion partielle

    SantĂ© psychique, mal-ĂȘtre, dĂ©pression et anxiĂ©tĂ© des Ă©tudiants : des chiffres et des humains ?

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    La santĂ© psychique des Ă©tudiants est un problĂšme de santĂ© publique qui semble sous-considĂ©rĂ©, en partie en raison de l’hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© des rĂ©sultats obtenus dans les diffĂ©rentes enquĂȘtes. Cette hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© a diffĂ©rentes causes : imprĂ©cision dans les termes utilisĂ©s ; confusion dans les pĂ©riodes de temps Ă©tudiĂ©es ; variabilitĂ© des questionnaires utilisĂ©s qui ne mesurent pas les mĂȘmes symptĂŽmes et dont les seuils de dĂ©tection varient selon les Ă©tudes ; modĂ©lisation d’analyse des donnĂ©es conduisant Ă  des construits narratifs trop simplistes. Ces problĂ©matiques sont inhĂ©rente tant au processus scientifique qu’à son utilisation dans le discours social

    Positionnement par rapport Ă  un objet plan de forme inconnue par asservissement visuel 2D

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    Dans ce rapport nous dĂ©crivons la façon de rĂ©aliser une tĂąche particuliĂšre de positionnement par asservissement visuel 2D dans le cas oĂč la consigne visuelle, la situation de l'objet observĂ© et ses dimensions sont inconnues. Par contre, nous supposons l'objet plan et immobile. Nous traitons dans un premier temps le cas d'un objet filiforme et nous montrons ensuite comment l'approche retenue peut se gĂ©nĂ©raliser Ă  un objet dont trois points caractĂ©ristiques existent puis, enfin, au cas d'un objet de forme quelconque. La loi de commande utilisĂ©e est basĂ©e sur la maximisation d'un critĂšre au cours du mouvement. Des rĂ©sultats d'expĂ©rimentations, y compris en environnement non calibrĂ©, concluent ce rapport

    SANTÉ PSYCHIQUE, MAL-ÊTRE, DÉPRESSION ET ANXIÉTÉ DES ÉTUDIANTS : DES CHIFFRES ET DES HUMAINS?

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    La santĂ© psychique des Ă©tudiants est un problĂšme de santĂ© publique qui semble sous-considĂ©rĂ©, en partie en raison de l’hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© des rĂ©sultats obtenus dans les diffĂ©rentes enquĂȘtes. Cette hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© a diffĂ©rentes causes : imprĂ©cision dans les termes utilisĂ©s ; confusion dans les pĂ©riodes de temps Ă©tudiĂ©es ; variabilitĂ© des questionnaires utilisĂ©s qui ne mesurent pas les mĂȘmes symptĂŽmes et dont les seuils de dĂ©tection varient selon les Ă©tudes ; modĂ©lisation d’analyse des donnĂ©es conduisant Ă  des construits narratifs trop simplistes. Ces problĂ©matiques sont inhĂ©rentes tant au processus scientifique qu’à son utilisation dans le discours social.Students’ mental health is a public health problem that seems under-considered, partly because of the heterogeneity of the results obtained in the different surveys. This heterogeneity has different causes: inaccuracy in the terms used; confusion in the time periods studied; variability of questionnaires used that do not measure the same symptoms and whose detection thresholds vary by study; data analysis modeling leading to overly simplistic narrative constructs. This problematic is inherent in both the scientific process and its use in social discourse

    Diagnostic approach to neurotransmitter monoamine disorders: experience from clinical, biochemical, and genetic profiles.

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    International audienceBackground and aim To improve the diagnostic work‐up of patients with diverse neurological diseases, we have elaborated specific clinical and CSF neurotransmitter patterns. Methods Neurotransmitter determinations in CSF from 1200 patients revealed abnormal values in 228 (19%) cases. In 54/228 (24%) patients, a final diagnosis was identified. Results We have reported primary (30/54, 56%) and secondary (24/54, 44%) monoamine neurotransmitter disorders. For primary deficiencies, the most frequently mutated gene was DDC (n = 9), and the others included PAH with neuropsychiatric features (n = 4), PTS (n = 5), QDPR (n = 3), SR (n = 1), and TH (n = 1). We have also identified mutations in SLC6A3, FOXG1 (n = 1 of each), MTHFR (n = 3), FOLR1, and MTHFD (n = 1 of each), for dopamine transporter, neuronal development, and folate metabolism disorders, respectively. For secondary deficiencies, we have identified POLG (n = 3), ACSF3 (n = 1), NFU1, and SDHD (n = 1 of each), playing a role in mitochondrial function. Other mutated genes included: ADAR, RNASEH2B, RNASET2, SLC7A2‐IT1 A/B lncRNA, and EXOSC3 involved in nuclear and cytoplasmic metabolism; RanBP2 and CASK implicated in post‐traductional and scaffolding modifications; SLC6A19 regulating amino acid transport; MTM1, KCNQ2 (n = 2), and ATP1A3 playing a role in nerve cell electrophysiological state. Chromosome abnormalities, del(8)(p23)/dup(12) (p23) (n = 1), del(6)(q21) (n = 1), dup(17)(p13.3) (n = 1), and non‐genetic etiologies (n = 3) were also identified. Conclusion We have classified the final 54 diagnoses in 11 distinctive biochemical profiles and described them through 20 clinical features. To identify the specific molecular cause of abnormal NT profiles, (targeted) genomics might be used, to improve diagnosis and allow early treatment of complex and rare neurological genetic diseases

    Jeux et langues dans l’enseignement supĂ©rieur

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    C’est suite Ă  sa communication lors du congrĂšs de l’Apliut 2015 Ă  St Omer que la collaboration de l'Apliut avec Anne-Laure Dubrac autour de la thĂ©matique du « jeu » s’est dessinĂ©e. L’émergence des jeux sĂ©rieux pour l’enseignement / apprentissage des langues dans l’enseignement supĂ©rieur, comme l’émergence des technologies de l’information et de la communication avant eux, pose la question fondamentale de l’innovation pĂ©dagogique, c’est Ă  dire des moyens mis en Ɠuvre pour dĂ©passer les limites de l’enseignement d’une compĂ©tence donnĂ©e tel qu’il a Ă©tĂ© envisagĂ© jusque-lĂ . Ce numĂ©ro 2, volume 36 de Recherche et pratiques pĂ©dagogiques en langues de spĂ©cialitĂ©, « Jeux et langues dans l’enseignement supĂ©rieur » rĂ©uni 14 textes, tous Ă©crits dans une perspective d’innovation en fonction d’une situation-problĂšme de dĂ©part commune : l’amĂ©lioration des Ă©tudiants en langue(s) et en langue(s) de spĂ©cialitĂ© dans l'enseignement supĂ©rieur. Following Anne-Laure Dubrac’s presentation during the 2015 Apliut congress, it was decided to question the added-value of « games » for the teaching and learning languages in Higher Education. Digital game-based learning is now emerging as quickly as computer aided language learning emerged in the 1980s. They both challenge pedagogic innovation, that is to say the means by which we try to go beyond the current limitations to our approaches of language learning for developing specific language skills. Number 2, volume 36 of Researching and Teaching Languages for Specific Purposes is hence entitled Games and Languages Learning in Higher Education. Il contains 14 texts, all written with a will to innovate with regards to the teaching and learning of languages for specific purposes in Higher Education
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