Notes, 1889-07-25

Description of visit in June, 1857, to English windmill haunted by a female ghost.https://digitalcommons.ric.edu/jp_hazard/1029/thumbnail.jp

Middle Triassic to Late Jurassic climate change on the northern margin of the South China Plate: Insights from chemical weathering indices and clay mineralogy

The early Mesozoic greenhouse period was characterized by variable climate conditions. The driving mechanisms of this long-term variability are unclear due to a lack of full-period climate reconstructions. In particular, reconstructions of the terrestrial environment are rare, especially reconstructions representing South China during the early Mesozoic period. We focused on the major, trace and rare earth element compositions and clay mineralogy of 173 mudstones from the northern margin of the South China Plate. These data were used as proxies to evaluate the weathering intensity and reconstruct the climate variability from the Middle Triassic to the Late Jurassic after considering the potential effects of provenance, diagenesis and sedimentary sorting and recycling. From the latest part of the Triassic to the early Middle Jurassic, five well-correlated chemical weathering indices, the chemical index of alteration (CIA), chemical index of weathering (CIW), plagioclase index of alteration (PIA), sodium depletion index (τNa) and weathering index of Parker (WIP), imply an advanced degree of chemical weathering (e.g., CIAcorr, the corrected CIA, ranging from 71.1 to 88.0) and a clay mineral assemblage zone with abundant kaolinite. Together, these findings indicate a dominant humid climate. In the pre-Late Triassic and post-Middle Jurassic, the dominant seasonally arid climate was characterized by low and widely variable chemical weathering index values (e.g., CIAcorr values of 59.4–85.4) and clay mineral assemblage zones containing chlorite, smectite and mixed-layer illite–smectite but less kaolinite. We suggest that PCO2 variations, the megamonsoon effect, plate motion and regional topography all contributed to the observed climate changes during the early Mesozoic

Middle Triassic to Late Jurassic climate change on the northern margin of the South China Plate: Insights from chemical weathering indices and clay mineralogy

The early Mesozoic greenhouse period was characterized by variable climate conditions. The driving mechanisms of this long-term variability are unclear due to a lack of full-period climate reconstructions. In particular, reconstructions of the terrestrial environment are rare, especially reconstructions representing South China during the early Mesozoic period. We focused on the major, trace and rare earth element compositions and clay mineralogy of 173 mudstones from the northern margin of the South China Plate. These data were used as proxies to evaluate the weathering intensity and reconstruct the climate variability from the Middle Triassic to the Late Jurassic after considering the potential effects of provenance, diagenesis and sedimentary sorting and recycling. From the latest part of the Triassic to the early Middle Jurassic, five well-correlated chemical weathering indices, the chemical index of alteration (CIA), chemical index of weathering (CIW), plagioclase index of alteration (PIA), sodium depletion index (τNa) and weathering index of Parker (WIP), imply an advanced degree of chemical weathering (e.g., CIAcorr, the corrected CIA, ranging from 71.1 to 88.0) and a clay mineral assemblage zone with abundant kaolinite. Together, these findings indicate a dominant humid climate. In the pre-Late Triassic and post-Middle Jurassic, the dominant seasonally arid climate was characterized by low and widely variable chemical weathering index values (e.g., CIAcorr values of 59.4–85.4) and clay mineral assemblage zones containing chlorite, smectite and mixed-layer illite–smectite but less kaolinite. We suggest that PCO2 variations, the megamonsoon effect, plate motion and regional topography all contributed to the observed climate changes during the early Mesozoic

Middle Triassic to Late Jurassic climate change on the northern margin of the South China Plate: Insights from chemical weathering indices and clay mineralogy

The early Mesozoic greenhouse period was characterized by variable climate conditions. The driving mechanisms of this long-term variability are unclear due to a lack of full-period climate reconstructions. In particular, reconstructions of the terrestrial environment are rare, especially reconstructions representing South China during the early Mesozoic period. We focused on the major, trace and rare earth element compositions and clay mineralogy of 173 mudstones from the northern margin of the South China Plate. These data were used as proxies to evaluate the weathering intensity and reconstruct the climate variability from the Middle Triassic to the Late Jurassic after considering the potential effects of provenance, diagenesis and sedimentary sorting and recycling. From the latest part of the Triassic to the early Middle Jurassic, five well-correlated chemical weathering indices, the chemical index of alteration (CIA), chemical index of weathering (CIW), plagioclase index of alteration (PIA), sodium depletion index (τNa) and weathering index of Parker (WIP), imply an advanced degree of chemical weathering (e.g., CIAcorr, the corrected CIA, ranging from 71.1 to 88.0) and a clay mineral assemblage zone with abundant kaolinite. Together, these findings indicate a dominant humid climate. In the pre-Late Triassic and post-Middle Jurassic, the dominant seasonally arid climate was characterized by low and widely variable chemical weathering index values (e.g., CIAcorr values of 59.4–85.4) and clay mineral assemblage zones containing chlorite, smectite and mixed-layer illite–smectite but less kaolinite. We suggest that PCO2 variations, the megamonsoon effect, plate motion and regional topography all contributed to the observed climate changes during the early Mesozoic

Efficient Sorbitol Producing Process through Glucose Hydrogenation Catalyzed by Ru Supported Amino Poly (Styrene-co-Maleic) Polymer (ASMA) Encapsulated on γ-Al2O3

In this work, a core-shell-like sphere ruthenium catalyst, named as 5%Ru/γ-Al2O3@ASMA, has been successfully synthesized through impregnating the ruthenium nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface of the amino poly (styrene-co-maleic) polymer (ASMA) encapsulating γ-Al2O3 pellet support. The interaction between the Ru cations and the electro-donating polymer shell rich in hydroxyl and amino groups through the coordination bond would guarantee that the Ru NPs can be highly dispersed and firmly embedded on the surface of the support. In addition, the solid sphere γ-Al2O3 pellet could serve as the core to support the resulted catalysts applied in the flow process in a trickle bed reactor to promote the productivity. The resulted catalyst 5%Ru/γ-Al2O3@ASMA can be applied efficiently in the glucose hydrogenation and presents a steadfast sorbitol yield of almost 90% both in batch reactor and the trickle bed reactor, indicating the potential feasibility of the core-shell-like catalyst in the efficient production of sorbitol