Bluetooth based wireless sleep remote monitoring system

[[abstract]]Sleep disorder, such as Obstructive sleeps apnoea (OSA), and is now regarded as an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Traditional sleep monitoring system contains several biomedical signals recording set, such as EEG, EOG, EMG ECG respiration and SpO2. The increasing demands of home healthcare for sleep drive studies to monitor sleep by simple method. This paper proposed an ECG-based wireless sleep monitoring system, which contains a Bluetooth-based ECG transmission system, and algorithms to monitor OSA by ECG-derived features, with clustering sensitivity 77% and specificity 90%. This system is believed to be a good candidate to meet the future demand on home-based sleep monitoring, and it can reduce the abundant burdens of hospital sleep centers

Current and Emerging Pharmacotherapies for Primary CNS Lymphoma

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) constitutes a rare group of extranodal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) primarily of B cell origin. It occurs in both immuno-competent and immune-compromised patients. High dose m ethotrexate (HD-MTX) based chemotherapy is the standard therapy. Chemotherapy with whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) improves response rates and survival compared with WBRT alone. However, due to the increased risk for neurotoxicity with WBRT, recent studies have focused on using chemotherapy alone. Methotrexate based multi-agent chemotherapy without WBRT is associated with similar t reatment rates and survival compared with regimens that include WBRT although controlled trials have not been performed. Because of the low incidence of this disease, it is difficult to conduct randomized controlled trials. In this article we have discussed about the past, present and emerging treatment options in patients with PCNSL

Can we detect Hot or Cold spots in the CMB with Minkowski Functionals?

In this paper, we investigate the utility of Minkowski Functionals as a probe of cold/hot disk-like structures in the CMB. In order to construct an accurate estimator, we resolve a long-standing issue with the use of Minkowski Functionals as probes of the CMB sky -- namely that of systematic differences ("residuals") when numerical and analytical MF are compared. We show that such residuals are in fact by-products of binning, and not caused by pixelation or masking as originally thought. We then derive a map-independent estimator that encodes the effects of binning, applicable to beyond our present work. Using this residual-free estimator, we show that small disk-like effects (as claimed by Vielva et al.) can be detected only when a large sample of such maps are averaged over. In other words, our estimator is noise-dominated for small disk sizes at WMAP resolution. To confirm our suspicion, we apply our estimator to the WMAP7 data to obtain a null result.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figure

Adaptive tuned mass damper with shape memory alloy for seismic application

When the characteristics of the main structure are changed, tuned mass damper (TMD) is easy to meet off-tuning problem. The object of this study is to develop a TMD with shape memory alloy (SMA) to reduce the vibration caused by off-tuning under seismic excitations. By materials characterisation of SMA, when the working temperature rises from −40 °C to 65 °C, the stiffness increases and the equivalent damping ratio drops. The SMA-based TMD was installed on a steel frame and tested under earthquake loading. The results show the SMA-based TMD is able to reduce the seismic response in the range of 34.09–47.77% at the tuned condition. However, by changing the main structural mass, the TMD was easy to be off-tuned. To retune the TMD, the SMA was heated and cooled for the TMD to resonate with the natural frequency of the main structure. When the SMA is cooled, the peak and RMS accelerations can be effectively reduced by up to 23.98% and 35.51%, respectively. It was found that the SMA-based TMD performs well if the frequency change of the main structure is in the same order. But when the temperature of SMA is increased higher than 19 °C, the damping ratio of SMA decreases, which causes a less effectiveness in reducing the vibration. In the future, the combinations of multiple SMA bars in TMD should be studied, and the applications of SMAs with higher phase transformation temperature can be investigated to improve the sensitivity while heating

All-optical formation of a Bose-Einstein condensate for applications in scanning electron microscopy

We report on the production of a F=1 spinor condensate of 87Rb atoms in a single beam optical dipole trap formed by a focused CO2 laser. The condensate is produced 13mm below the tip of a scanning electron microscope employing standard all-optical techniques. The condensate fraction contains up to 100,000 atoms and we achieve a duty cycle of less than 10s.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Trapped two-component Fermi gases with up to six particles: Energetics, structural properties, and molecular condensate fraction

We investigate small equal-mass two-component Fermi gases under external spherically symmetric confinement in which atoms with opposite spins interact through a short-range two-body model potential. We employ a non-perturbative microscopic framework, the stochastic variational approach, and determine the system properties as functions of the interspecies s-wave scattering length a, the orbital angular momentum L of the system, and the numbers N1 and N2 of spin-up and spin-down atoms (with N1-N2 =0 or 1 and N < 7, where N=N1+N2). At unitarity, we determine the energies of the five- and six-particle systems for various ranges r0 of the underlying two-body model potential and extrapolate to the zero-range limit. These energies serve as benchmark results that can be used to validate and assess other numerical approaches. We also present structural properties such as the pair distribution function and the radial density. Furthermore, we analyze the one-body and two-body density matrices. A measure for the molecular condensate fraction is proposed and applied. Our calculations show explicitly that the natural orbitals and the momentum distributions of atomic Fermi gases approach those characteristic for a molecular Bose gas if the s-wave scattering length a, a>0, is sufficiently small.Comment: 21 pages, 15 figures; accepted for publication in special issue of CRA

Observation of a controllable PI-junction in a 3-terminal Josephson device

Recently Baselmans et al. [Nature, 397, 43 (1999)] showed that the direction of the supercurrent in a superconductor/normal/superconductor Josephson junction can be reversed by applying, perpendicularly to the supercurrent, a sufficiently large control current between two normal reservoirs. The novel behavior of their 4-terminal device (called a controllable PI-junction) arises from the nonequilibrium electron energy distribution established in the normal wire between the two superconductors. We have observed a similar supercurrent reversal in a 3-terminal device, where the control current passes from a single normal reservoir into the two superconductors. We show theoretically that this behavior, although intuitively less obvious, arises from the same nonequilibrium physics present in the 4-terminal device. Moreover, we argue that the amplitude of the PI-state critical current should be at least as large in the 3-terminal device as in a comparable 4-terminal device.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Physical Review B Rapid Communication

Current and power spectrum in a magnetic tunnel device with an atomic size spacer

Current and its noise in a ferromagnetic double tunnel barrier device with a small spacer particle were studied in the framework of the sequential tunneling approach. Analytical formulae were derived for electron tunneling through the spacer particle containing only a single energy level. It was shown that Coulomb interactions of electrons with a different spin orientation lead to an increase of the tunnel magnetoresistance. Interactions can also be responsible for the negative differential resistance. A current noise study showed, which relaxation processes can enhance or reduce fluctuations leading either to a super-Poissonian or a sub-Poissonian shot noise.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure

Effects of Fermi energy, dot size and leads width on weak localization in chaotic quantum dots

Magnetotransport in chaotic quantum dots at low magnetic fields is investigated by means of a tight binding Hamiltonian on L x L clusters of the square lattice. Chaoticity is induced by introducing L bulk vacancies. The dependence of weak localization on the Fermi energy, dot size and leads width is investigated in detail and the results compared with those of previous analyses, in particular with random matrix theory predictions. Our results indicate that the dependence of the critical flux Phi_c on the square root of the number of open modes, as predicted by random matrix theory, is obscured by the strong energy dependence of the proportionality constant. Instead, the size dependence of the critical flux predicted by Efetov and random matrix theory, namely, Phi_c ~ sqrt{1/L}, is clearly illustrated by the present results. Our numerical results do also show that the weak localization term significantly decreases as the leads width W approaches L. However, calculations for W=L indicate that the weak localization effect does not disappear as L increases.Comment: RevTeX, 8 postscript figures include