OVERVIEW OF CYNODON DACTYLON (DOOB GRASS) IN MODERN MEDICINE AS ANTIDIABETIC HERB .

Abstract- According  to WHO About 347 million people worldwide  have  diabetes, and is predicted to become the seventh leading cause of death in the world by the year 2030.According to Diabetes Atlas 2012, released by ‘International Diabetes Federation’ India has 63 million people living with diabetes and is only second to China. By 2030, India's diabetes burden is expected to cross the 100 million mark as against 87 million earlier estimated.  Many oral hypoglycemic agents, such as biguanides and sulfonylurea are available   along with insulin for the treatment of diabetes mellitus but they have significant side effects and sometimes they are found to be ineffective in chronic diabetic patients.  Since ancient times, diabetes has been treated orally with several medicinal plants or their extracts. Phytochemical study shows  the presences of flavonoids and sterols in Cynodon dactylon(Doob Grass) which exhibit hypoglycemic activity and are also known for their ability of beta cell regeneration  of pancreas. Sterols have also shown to decrease blood sugar in experimental animal models

A study of spot urine protein: creatinine ratio as an alternative to 24 hours proteinuria for the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia

Background: Preeclampsia is defined as systolic blood pressure level of 140 mmHg or higher or a diastolic blood pressure level of 90 mmHg or higher that occurs after 20 weeks of gestation with proteinuria. Objective of this study was to study the role of spot urine protein: creatinine ratio as an alternative to 24 hours proteinuria for the diagnosis of pre-eclampsiaMethods: This is a prospective observational study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, BRD Medical College Gorakhpur, since October 2016 to September 2017 included 120 pregnant women with hypertension of gestational age more than 20 weeks. Ramdom urine sample of all the patient was taken before 12 noon after first voiding. For 24 hours urine sample patient was asked to collect all her urine she voids during 24 hours. The creatinine was estimated by the alkaline picrate method (Jaffe's Reaction) modified by the Bonsnes and Taussky, 1945. Creatinine in a protein free solution reacts with the alkaline picrate and produces red colour complex which is measured colorimeterically. Urinary protein was estimated in all the subjects by the Turbidimetric method. Urinary protein was precipitated by 3% sulphosalicylic acid and turbidity so produced was measured colorimetrically.Results: Protein: creatinine ratio in a random urine sample is better than random urine protein detection by dipstick method in cases of emergency when there is no time for detection of 24 hours urine protein.Conclusions: If cut-off level for urine protein: creatinine ratio in random urine sample is taken as 0.25 or more then sensitivity and specificity become same as 24 hours urine protein.                               

Terahertz Detectors (THzDs): Bridging the Gap for Energy Harvesting

It is indispensable to integrate electronics with environment for better lives. Huge amount of solar energy, dark energy, and unused microwave energy is untapped till now due to insufficient availability of high frequency THz detectors. The difference between THz wave detection and THz electric field detection must be clear. THz wave detection connects the detection of explosives, drugs, astronomy, metals, and imaging applications, etc. On the other hand, THz electric field detection involves the conversion of electromagnetic (EM) radiations to usable DC power. The optimum choice of detectors for energy harvesting is a highly diverse area. The latter part is concentrated on the nonlinear behavior of the incoming radiations and has been highlighted also. In this chapter, metal‐insulator‐metal (MIM) diode detectors have been explored to become a best choice for high frequency detectors

Studies on artemisinin, morphotypic and genetic characteristics of seventeen species of Artemisia growing in Indian Himalayan Region

272-279Seventeen species of Artemisia L. growing in the Indian Himalayan region were investigated for artemisinin content, morphological and genetic characters. During the investigation, artemisinin content was found to be in the range of trace to 0.12%. The highest was in A. dracunculus (0.12%) and A. roxburghiana (0.12%). The essential oil content was found in the range of 0.03-1.5%, A. dracunculus showed 1.5% oil (w/v) followed by A. nilagirica (0.6%) and A. maritima (0.6%). The AFLP analysis revealed 25.4% (Hind-ACC & Mse-CAC) to 67.38% (Hind-ACA & Mse-CAG) polymorphism while overall it was 51%. The dendrogram generated from AFLP data classified 8 species in one cluster (I) and 9 in another (II). The important pathway genes (HMGR, ADS and CYP71AV1) showed higher expression in A. dracunculus, A. roxburghiana and A. sieversiana. Based on the chemical analysis, the presence of a high amount of essential oil and artemisinin in A. dracunculus and A. roxburghiana suggested that these could be important medicinal plants for future research

Studies on artemisinin, morphotypic and genetic characteristics of seventeen species of Artemisia growing in Indian Himalayan Region

Seventeen species of Artemisia L. growing in the Indian Himalayan region were investigated for artemisinin content, morphological and genetic characters. During the investigation, artemisinin content was found to be in the range of trace to 0.12%. The highest was in A. dracunculus (0.12%) and A. roxburghiana (0.12%). The essential oil content was found in the range of 0.03-1.5%, A. dracunculus showed 1.5% oil (w/v) followed by A. nilagirica (0.6%) and A. maritima (0.6%). The AFLP analysis revealed 25.4% (Hind-ACC & Mse-CAC) to 67.38% (Hind-ACA & Mse-CAG) polymorphism while overall it was 51%. The dendrogram generated from AFLP data classified 8 species in one cluster (I) and 9 in another (II). The important pathway genes (HMGR, ADS and CYP71AV1) showed higher expression in A. dracunculus, A. roxburghiana and A. sieversiana. Based on the chemical analysis, the presence of a high amount of essential oil and artemisinin in A. dracunculus and A. roxburghiana suggested that these could be important medicinal plants for future research

Synthesis, Spectroscopic, and Antimicrobial Studies of Binuclear Metallocene (M = Ti, Zr, or Hf) Derivatives of Bis(mercaptoazoles)

The reactions of (η5 − C5H5)2MCl2 (M = Ti, Zr, or Hf) with mercaptoazoles (LH2), namely, bis(mercaptotriazoles), bis(mercap- tooxadiazoles), and bis(mercaptothiadiazoles) in 2 : 1 molar ratio, respectively, have been studied in dry tetrahydrofuran in the presence of n-butylamine and the binuclear complexes of the type [{(η − C5H5)2 M}2(L)] (M = Ti/Zr/Hf) are obtained. Tentative structural conclusions are drawn for the reaction products based upon elemental analysis, electrical conductance, magnetic moment, and spectral data (UV-Vis, IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR). FAB-mass spectra of few complexes of each series were also carried out to confirm the binuclear structures. Studies were conducted to assess the growth-inhibiting potential of the complexes synthesized, and the ligands against various fungal and bacterial strains

A facile approach to fabricate graphene based piezoresistive strain sensor on paper substrate

Sensors, FETs and chemi resistors are few of the devices which show potential in the area of flexible electronics for health monitoring applications. In the present work, piezoresistive strain sensors based on graphite and graphene on cellulose paper substrate has been reported. Graphite sensor has been fabricated by rubbing pencil on paper and graphene sensor by directly coating graphene ink using paint brush. The resistance of the fabricated sensor increases with outwards bending and vice-versa, further the piezoresistive effect has also been evaluated by applying variable longitudinal stress. A comparative study of gauge factor (GF) depending upon different type of strains has been presented and it has been observed that the GF of graphene piezoresistive strain sensor decreases with increase in number of layers, the GF for graphene sensor is higher as compared to graphite sensor. Fabricated piezoresistive strain sensors may find applications as human body motion detection, gait analysis etc

Toxicogenetic study of omeprazole and the modulatory effects of retinol palmitate and ascorbic acid on Allium cepa

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This author accepted manuscript is made available following 12 month embargo from date of publication (May 2018) in accordance with the publisher’s archiving policyOmeprazole (OME) is a proton pump inhibitor used for the treatment of various gastric and intestinal disease; however, studies on its effects on the genetic materials are still restricted. The present study aimed to evaluate possible toxicogenic effects of OME in Allium cepa meristems with the application of cytogenetic biomarkers for DNA damage, mutagenic, toxic and cytotoxic effects. Additionally, retinol palmitate (RP) and ascorbic acid (AA) were also co-treated with OME to evaluate possible modulatory effects of OME-induced cytogenetic damages. OME was tested at 10, 20 and 40 μg/mL, while RP and AA at 55 μg/mL and 352.2 μg/mL, respectively. Copper sulphate (0.6 μg/mL) and dechlorinated water were used as positive control and negative control, respectively. The results suggest that OME induced genotoxicity and mutagenicity in A. cepa at all tested concentrations. It was noted that cotreatment of OME with the antioxidant vitamins RP and/or AA significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited and/or modulated all toxicogenic damages induced by OME. These observations demonstrate their antigenotoxic, antimutagenic, antitoxic and anticitotoxic effects in A. cepa. This study indicates that application of antioxidants may be useful tools to overcome OME-induced toxic effects

Phytol: A review of biomedical activities

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This author accepted manuscript is made available following 12 month embargo from date of publication (Auguist 2018) in accordance with the publisher’s archiving policyPhytol (PYT) is a diterpene member of the long-chain unsaturated acyclic alcohols. PYT and some of its derivatives, including phytanic acid (PA), exert a wide range of biological effects. PYT is a valuable essential oil (EO) used as a fragrance and a potential candidate for a broad range of applications in the pharmaceutical and biotechnological industry. There is ample evidence that PA may play a crucial role in the development of pathophysiological states. Focusing on PYT and some of its most relevant derivatives, here we present a systematic review of reported biological activities, along with their underlying mechanism of action. Recent investigations with PYT demonstrated anxiolytic, metabolism-modulating, cytotoxic, antioxidant, autophagy- and apoptosis-inducing, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulating, and antimicrobial effects. PPARs- and NF-κB-mediated activities are also discussed as mechanisms responsible for some of the bioactivities of PYT. The overall goal of this review is to discuss recent findings pertaining to PYT biological activities and its possible applications

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe