CARACTERIZAÇÕES PETROGRÁFICA E GEOFÍSICA DAS UNIDADES LITOLÓGICAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE BANANAL, LESTE DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO, E CORRELAÇÃO COM OCORRÊNCIAS DE ILMENITA. : Petrographic and geophysical characterization of lithological units in the Municipality of Bananal, East of the São Paulo state, and correlation with ilmenite occurrences

The mineral ilmenite (FeTiO3) corresponds to one of the main containing Ti, and accounting for 90% of the world's consumption of this element. China and Australia hold 50% of the world's measured reserves of ilmenite. In Brazil, the main deposits are located in the municipalities of Mataraca (PB), São Francisco de Itabapoana and São João da Barra (RJ), all in a placer-type environment. Granites and pegmatites are important deposits of this element and, in the municipality of Bananal (SP), there are records of granites Bananal and Resgate units. The studies were carried out in three stages: integration of geological, aerogeophysical and geomorphological data; field campaigns, with the ilmenite being identified in five heavy concentrates; and chemical analysis of ilmenite grains by means of MEV, aiming at the qualitative identification of the mineral and its solid inclusions. The ilmenite grains had dimensions between 0.05mm and 2mm and chemical composition from 9.85% to 69.48% of Fe and 5.99% to 26.18% of Ti. The presence of ilmenite is associated with Resgate and Granito Bananal granite bodies. The geophysical signatures in both methods indicate heterogeneous mineral and chemical compositions along the granitic bodies.O mineral ilmenita (FeTiO3) corresponde a um dos principais portadores de Ti, e perfaz 90% do consumo mundial desse elemento. China e Austrália detém 50% das reservas mundiais medidas de ilmenita. No Brasil, as principais jazidas estão localizadas nos municípios de Mataraca (PB), São Francisco de Itabapoana e São João da Barra (RJ), todas em ambiente do tipo placer. Os granitos e pegmatitos são importantes depósitos desse elemento e, no município de Bananal (SP), há registro dos granitos Bananal e Resgate. Os estudos foram realizados em três etapas: integração de dados geológicos, aerogeofísicos e geomorfológicos; realização de campanhas de campo, tendo a ilmenita sido identificada em cinco concentrados; e análise dos grãos de ilmenita por meio de MEV, visando à identificação qualitativa do mineral e de suas inclusões sólidas. Os grãos de ilmenita apresentaram dimensões entre 0.05mm e 2mm e composição química de 9,85% a 69,48% de Fe e de 5,99% a 26,18% de Ti. A presença de ilmenita está associada aos corpos graníticos Resgate e Granito Bananal. As assinaturas geofísicas em ambos os métodos indicam composições minerais e químicas heterogêneas ao longo dos corpos graníticos

Levantamento dos casos de Covid-19 e Dengue em uma instituição de ensino na cidade de Itumbiara-GO

Dengue e COVID-19 podem compartilhar características clínicas e laboratoriais dificultando o diagnóstico, além da possibilidade de coinfecção. A medida mais efetiva para o controle da transmissão dessas doenças é a prevenção. O objetivo foi avaliar a relação entre as medidas preventivas e os casos de COVID-19 e dengue, bem como caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico dos entrevistados em uma instituição de ensino na cidade de Itumbiara, Goiás, no período de 2020 a 2022. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico analítico, observacional e transversal, mediante aplicação de um questionário onde foram incluídos dados sobre a faixa etária, diagnóstico de dengue ou COVID-19, ano do contágio, sintomas, se houve sequelas, se seguiu as medidas preventivas recomendadas e quais, incluindo a vacinação para COVID-19 com quantidade de doses. Ao analisar os dados observa-se que, não houve predominância entre os casos de COVID-19 (19%) e dengue (19%). Além disso, destaca-se o maior percentual de indivíduos que não tiveram nenhuma virose (56%). Em relação a prevenção, observa-se que métodos foram utilizados pelos participantes da pesquisa. A pesquisa permitiu identificar que dengue e COVID-19 são doenças dependentes de ações preventivas tendo em vista a possibilidade de evolução ao óbito

Detection and Quantification of Leptospira interrogans in Hamster and Rat Kidney Samples: Immunofluorescent Imprints versus Real-time PCR

A major limitation in the clinical management and experimental research of leptospirosis is the poor performance of the available methods for the direct detection of leptospires. In this study, we compared real-time PCR (qPCR), targeting the lipL32 gene, with the immunofluorescent imprint method (IM) for the detection and quantification of leptospires in kidney samples from the rat and hamster experimental models of leptospirosis. Using a virulent strain of Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni, a chronic infection was established in the rat model, which were euthanized 28 days post-infection, while the hamster model simulated an acute infection and the hamsters were euthanized eight days after inoculation. Leptospires in the kidney samples were detected using culture isolation, qPCR and the IM, and quantified using qPCR and the IM. In both the acute and chronic infection models, the correlation between quantification by qPCR and the IM was found to be positive and statistically significant (P<0.05). Therefore, this study demonstrates that the IM is a viable alternative for not only the detection but also the quantification of leptospires, particularly when the use of qPCR is not feasible

A list of land plants of Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Brazil, highlights the presence of sampling gaps within this protected area

Brazilian protected areas are essential for plant conservation in the Atlantic Forest domain, one of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the plant richness, protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of “Parque Nacional do Caparaó” (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil." Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the List. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD) and five as priorities for conservation. Fifity-one species were possible new ocurrences for ES and MG states

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

A ética do silêncio racial no contexto urbano: políticas públicas e desigualdade social no Recife, 1900-1940

Mais de meio século após o preconceito racial ter se tornado o principal alvo dos movimentos urbanos pelos direitos civis nos Estados Unidos e na África do Sul, e décadas depois do surgimento dos movimentos negros contemporâneos no Brasil, o conjunto de ferramentas legislativas criado no Brasil para promover o direito à cidade ainda adere à longa tradição brasileira de silêncio acerca da questão racial. Este artigo propõe iniciar uma exploração das raízes históricas desse fenômeno, remontando ao surgimento do silêncio sobre a questão racial na política urbana do Recife, Brasil, durante a primeira metade do século XX. O Recife foi eé um exemplo paradigmático do processo pelo qual uma cidade amplamente marcada por traços negros e africanos chegou a ser definida política e legalmente como um espaço pobre, subdesenvolvido e racialmente neutro, onde as desigualdades sociais originaram na exclusão capitalista, e não na escravidão e nas ideologias do racismo científico. Neste sentido, Recife lança luzes sobre a política urbana que se gerou sob a sombra do silêncio racial.More than half a century after racial prejudice became central to urban civil rights movements in the United States and South Africa, and decades after the emergence of Brazil’s contemporary Black movements, Brazil's internationally recognized body of rights-to-the-city legislation still adheres to the country's long historical tradition of racial silence. This article explores the historical roots of this phenomenon by focusing on the emergence of racial silence in Recife, Brazil during the first half of the 20th Century. Recife was and remains a paradigmatic example of the process through which a city marked by its Black and African roots came to be legally and politically defined as a poor, underdeveloped and racially neutral space, where social inequalities derived from capitalist exclusion rather than from slavery and scientific racism. As such, Recife'sexperience sheds light on the urban policies that were generated in the shadow of racial silence

A História da Alimentação: balizas historiográficas

Os M. pretenderam traçar um quadro da História da Alimentação, não como um novo ramo epistemológico da disciplina, mas como um campo em desenvolvimento de práticas e atividades especializadas, incluindo pesquisa, formação, publicações, associações, encontros acadêmicos, etc. Um breve relato das condições em que tal campo se assentou faz-se preceder de um panorama dos estudos de alimentação e temas correia tos, em geral, segundo cinco abardagens Ia biológica, a econômica, a social, a cultural e a filosófica!, assim como da identificação das contribuições mais relevantes da Antropologia, Arqueologia, Sociologia e Geografia. A fim de comentar a multiforme e volumosa bibliografia histórica, foi ela organizada segundo critérios morfológicos. A seguir, alguns tópicos importantes mereceram tratamento à parte: a fome, o alimento e o domínio religioso, as descobertas européias e a difusão mundial de alimentos, gosto e gastronomia. O artigo se encerra com um rápido balanço crítico da historiografia brasileira sobre o tema

PLoS ONE

p. 1-5A major limitation in the clinical management and experimental research of leptospirosis is the poor performance of the available methods for the direct detection of leptospires. In this study, we compared real-time PCR (qPCR), targeting the lipL32 gene, with the immunofluorescent imprint method (IM) for the detection and quantification of leptospires in kidney samples from the rat and hamster experimental models of leptospirosis. Using a virulent strain of Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni, a chronic infection was established in the rat model, which were euthanized 28 days post-infection, while the hamster model simulated an acute infection and the hamsters were euthanized eight days after inoculation. Leptospires in the kidney samples were detected using culture isolation, qPCR and the IM, and quantified using qPCR and the IM. In both the acute and chronic infection models, the correlation between quantification by qPCR and the IM was found to be positive and statistically significant (P<0.05). Therefore, this study demonstrates that the IM is a viable alternative for not only the detection but also the quantification of leptospires, particularly when the use of qPCR is not feasible