Les prix agricoles dans les villes et les campagnes du Québec d'avant 1850: aperçus quantitatifs

Après 1930, l'histoire des prix constitua longtemps la tendance la plus dynamique d'une histoire économique en voie de renouvellement, orientée vers la quantification et ouverte sur le social. Ainsi, les oeuvres de Labrousse ont contribué à lier l'économique et le social dans leurs dimensions fondamentales: les structures et la conjoncture, les classes et les mouvements sociaux. En France, la plupart des grandes monographies régionales écrites jusqu'à 1970 s'appuyèrent en partie sur l'analyse du mouvement des prix. Au Québec, ce courant fut emprunté à compter de 1960 environ par Jean Hamelin, Yves Roby et Fernand Ouellet. Nous produisons ici des séries de prix agricoles pour les villes et les campagnes du Québec entre 1760 et 1850. After 1930, quantification and concern for the social marked the renewal of economic history, in which the history of prices long remained the most dynamic tendency. In the works of Labrousse the economic and the social were intertwined: structures and "conjoncture," classes and social movements. Until 1970 in France, most of the major monographs on regional history were based in part on the analysis of price movements. In Quebec, Jean Hamelin, Yves Roby and Fernand Ouellet took up this trend about 1960. This article sets forth series of agricultural prices for both urban and rural areas of Quebec between 1760 and 1850

A mathematical modeling of catalytic milli-fixed bed reactor for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: Influence of tube diameter on Fischer Tropsch selectivity and thermal behavior

A two-dimensional pseudo-homogeneous model has been developed to investigate the influence of tube size on the thermal behavior and performance of packed fixed bed reactor for the low temperature Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis over alumina supported cobalt. Velocity, temperature and composition fields are determined by solving the fundamental transport equations in porous media. Special attention was paid to the variation of transport properties with temperature and composition of the gas mixture. High dependency of the thermal behavior on the thermal conductivity of the gas mixture is highlighted, whereas viscosity and heat capacity of gas mixture have very little influence. Moreover for the considered catalyst, simulation results have displayed high heat removal for the millimetric scale with a tube inner diameter below 2.75mm for an extended range of weight hourly space velocity (20–600gsyngasmin−1kgcat.−1, T=493K and P=20bar). With a millimetric reactor, high CO conversion (XCO>90%) is obtained for values of space velocity between 30 and 120gsyngasmin−1kgcat.−1. For higher diameter tube than 3.11mm, thermal runaway occurs and even worse, no convergence achieved due to the very low heat transfer global coefficient and the weak surface/volume ratio, leading to a significant decrease of liquid fuels selectivity and an increase of light hydrocarbon (C1 to C4) selectivity up to 14%. To conclude, results from scale-up study with the millimetric scale are outstanding, more than 2900kgh−1mcat.−3 of C5+ could be produce after numbering-up 3033 tubes of 10 centimeters in length whereas conventional units (multitubular fixed bed reactors or slurry phase reactors) do not exceed 400kgh−1mcat.−3

Zephyr: The Second Issue

This is the second issue of Zephyr, the University of New England\u27s journal of creative expression. Since 2000, Zephyr has published original drawings, paintings, photography, prose, and verse created by current and former members of the University community. Zephyr\u27s Editorial Board is made up exclusively of matriculating students.https://dune.une.edu/zephyr/1001/thumbnail.jp

Charge and current-sensitive preamplifiers for pulse shape discrimination techniques with silicon detectors

New charge and current-sensitive preamplifiers coupled to silicon detectors and devoted to studies in nuclear structure and dynamics have been developed and tested. For the first time shapes of current pulses from light charged particles and carbon ions are presented. Capabilities for pulse shape discrimination techniques are demonstrated.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, to be published in Nucl. Inst. Meth.

Station report on the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) 1.2 meter telescope facility

The 1.2 meter telescope system was built for the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in 1973-74 by the Kollmorgen Corporation as a highly accurate tracking telescope. The telescope is an azimuth-elevation mounted six mirror Coude system. The facility has been used for a wide range of experimentation including helioseismology, two color refractometry, lunar laser ranging, satellite laser ranging, visual tracking of rocket launches, and most recently satellite and aircraft streak camera work. The telescope is a multi-user facility housed in a two story dome with the telescope located on the second floor above the experimenter's area. Up to six experiments can be accommodated at a given time, with actual use of the telescope being determined by the location of the final Coude mirror. The telescope facility is currently one of the primary test sites for the Crustal Dynamics Network's new UNIX based telescope controller software, and is also the site of the joint Crustal Dynamics Project / Photonics Branch two color research into atmospheric refraction

Intronic Binding Sites for hnRNP A/B and hnRNP F/H Proteins Stimulate Pre-mRNA Splicing

hnRNP A/B proteins modulate the alternative splicing of several mammalian and viral pre-mRNAs, and are typically viewed as proteins that enforce the activity of splicing silencers. Here we show that intronic hnRNP A/B–binding sites (ABS) can stimulate the in vitro splicing of pre-mRNAs containing artificially enlarged introns. Stimulation of in vitro splicing could also be obtained by providing intronic ABS in trans through the use of antisense oligonucleotides containing a non-hybridizing ABS-carrying tail. ABS-tailed oligonucleotides also improved the in vivo inclusion of an alternative exon flanked by an enlarged intron. Notably, binding sites for hnRNP F/H proteins (FBS) replicate the activity of ABS by improving the splicing of an enlarged intron and by modulating 5′ splice-site selection. One hypothesis formulated to explain these effects is that bound hnRNP proteins self-interact to bring in closer proximity the external pair of splice sites. Consistent with this model, positioning FBS or ABS at both ends of an intron was required to stimulate splicing of some pre-mRNAs. In addition, a computational analysis of the configuration of putative FBS and ABS located at the ends of introns supports the view that these motifs have evolved to support cooperative interactions. Our results document a positive role for the hnRNP A/B and hnRNP F/H proteins in generic splicing, and suggest that these proteins may modulate the conformation of mammalian pre-mRNAs

Importance of dose-schedule of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine for epigenetic therapy of cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) by aberrant DNA methylation plays an important role in the development of malignancy. Since this epigenetic change is reversible, it is a potential target for chemotherapeutic intervention using an inhibitor of DNA methylation, such as 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DAC). Although clinical studies show that DAC has activity against hematological malignancies, the optimal dose-schedule of this epigenetic agent still needs to be established.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Clonogenic assays were performed on leukemic and tumor cell lines to evaluate the <it>in vitro </it>antineoplastic activity of DAC. The reactivation of TSGs and inhibition of DNA methylation by DAC were investigated by reverse transcriptase-PCR and Line-1 assays. The <it>in vivo </it>antineoplastic activity of DAC administered as an i.v. infusion was evaluated in mice with murine L1210 leukemia by measurement of survival time, and in mice bearing murine EMT6 mammary tumor by excision of tumor after chemotherapy for an <it>in vitro </it>clonogenic assay.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Increasing the DAC concentration and duration of exposure produced a greater loss of clonogenicity for both human leukemic and tumor cell lines. The reactivation of the TSGs (<it>p57KIP2 </it>in HL-60 leukemic cells and <it>p16CDKN2A </it>in Calu-6 lung carcinoma cells) and the inhibition of global DNA methylation in HL-60 leukemic cells increased with DAC concentration. In mice with L1210 leukemia and in mice bearing EMT6 tumors, the antineoplastic action of DAC also increased with the dose. The plasma level of DAC that produced a very potent antineoplastic effect in mice with leukemia or solid tumors was > 200 ng/ml (> 1 μM).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We have shown that intensification of the DAC dose markedly increased its antineoplastic activity in mouse models of cancer. Our data also show that there is a good correlation between the concentrations of DAC that reduce <it>in vitro </it>clonogenicity, reactivate TSGs and inhibit DNA methylation. These results suggest that the antineoplastic action of DAC is related to its epigenetic action. Our observations provide a strong rationale to perform clinical trials using dose intensification of DAC to maximize the chemotherapeutic potential of this epigenetic agent in patients with cancer.</p

Le FORUM, Vol. 36 No. 4

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/francoamericain_forum/1035/thumbnail.jp

The Benefits Conferred by Radial Access for Cardiac Catheterization Are Offset by a Paradoxical Increase in the Rate of Vascular Access Site Complications With Femoral Access The Campeau Radial Paradox

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess whether the benefits conferred by radial access (RA) at an individual level are offset by a proportionally greater incidence of vascular access site complications (VASC) at a population level when femoral access (FA) is performed.BackgroundThe recent widespread adoption of RA for cardiac catheterization has been associated with increased rates of VASCs when FA is attempted.MethodsLogistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted VASC rate in a contemporary cohort of consecutive patients (2006 to 2008) where both RA and FA were used, and compared it with the adjusted VASC rate observed in a historical control cohort (1996 to 1998) where only FA was used. We calculated the adjusted attributable risk to estimate the proportion of VASC attributable to the introduction of RA in FA patients of the contemporary cohort.ResultsA total of 17,059 patients were included. At a population level, the VASC rate was higher in the overall contemporary cohort compared with the historical cohort (adjusted rates: 2.91% vs. 1.98%; odds ratio [OR]: 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17 to 1.89; p = 0.001). In the contemporary cohort, RA patients experienced fewer VASC than FA patients (adjusted rates: 1.44% vs. 4.19%; OR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.48; p < 0.001). We observed a higher VASC rate in FA patients in the contemporary cohort compared with the historical cohort (adjusted rates: 4.19% vs. 1.98%; OR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.67 to 2.81; p < 0.001). This finding was consistent for both diagnostic and therapeutic catheterizations separately. The proportion of VASCs attributable to RA in the contemporary FA patients was estimated at 52.7%.ConclusionsIn a contemporary population where both RA and FA were used, the safety benefit associated with RA is offset by a paradoxical increase in VASCs among FA patients. The existence of this radial paradox should be taken into consideration, especially among trainees and default radial operators