A review on recent advances in numerical modelling of bone cutting

[EN] Common practice of surgical treatments in orthopaedics and traumatology involves cutting processes of bone. These operations introduce risk of thermo-mechanical damage, since the threshold of critical temperature producing thermal osteonecrosis is very low. Therefore, it is important to develop predictive tools capable of simulating accurately the increase of temperature during bone cutting, being the modelling of these processes still a challenge. In addition, the prediction of cutting forces and mechanical damage is also important during machining operations. As the accuracy of simulations depends greatly on the proper choice of the thermo-mechanical properties, an essential part of the numerical model is the constitutive behaviour of the bone tissue, which is considered in different ways in the literature. This paper focuses on the review of the main contributions in modelling of bone cutting with special attention to the bone mechanical behaviour. The aim is to give the reader a complete vision of the approaches commonly presented in the literature in order to help in the development of accurate models for bone cutting.The authors acknowledge to the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain the financial support for this work received through the projects DPI2011-25999 and DPI2013-46641-R.Marco, M.; Rodríguez Millán, M.; Santiuste, C.; Giner Maravilla, E.; Henar Miguélez, M. (2015). A review on recent advances in numerical modelling of bone cutting. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 44:179-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.12.006S1792014

Rethinking Populism: ‘the People’ as a Popular Identity Subject in Bernie Sanders’ Discursive Articulation

This study explores the articulation of a popular political identity by the US Senator Bernie Sanders and the political coalition he communicates. The analysis part is conducted on two levels: the construction of the populist signifier ‘the people’ and the construction of the antagonist in Sanders’ political communication. The theoretical part is mostly driven by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe’s perspective in radical democracy, identity construction, collectiveness and the chain of equivalence. By deploying theoretically unprejudiced approach, the thesis shows how a popular identity, namely ‘the People’, emerges, how it is communicated in order to put forward an alternative reading of populism which is hotly-debated subject among scholars and political scientists. Furthermore, the thesis elaborates how the theoretical discussion proposes a way of understanding the collective subject of ‘the People’ which appears as an identifiable and contra- conjectural category. The analysis ascertains that ‘the people’, as a populist subject, emerges as collective citizens demanding equal rights and taking the larger issues of inequality at stake based on inclusive values and positions, rather than as undemocratic, authoritarian, ethnically and culturally homogenizer subjects. Consequently, any subject causing ‘injustice’ becomes the antagonized other who obliges ‘the People’ to experience misery, oppression, and discrimination. The research tackles how Senator Sanders’ political communication brings disperse identities along with the chain of equivalence, how his movement articulates the political front of ‘the People’, and how it signifies the outsider through dichotomizing the political space. The study concludes that Sanders popular articulation provides a critical perspective for us to read populist zeitgeist of the twenty-first century.

Functional identities of degree 2 vanishing on zero products of XY and YX

WOS:000629461100001Let R be a unitary prime ring with the maximal left ring of quotients Q(ml)(R). We completely characterize the forms of additive maps F-1, F-2, G(1), G(2 ): R -> Q(ml)(R) such that F-1(x)y + F-2(y)x + xG(1)(y) + yG(2)(x) = 0 whenever x, y is an element of R satisfy xy = 0 = yx under the assumptions that R contains a nontrivial idempotent and characteristic of R is not 2. This partially generalizes a result of T.K. Lee in [Bi-additive maps of zeta-Lie product type vanishing on zero products of XY and Y X. Comm Algebra. 2017;45(8):3449-3467]