Educar para a pesquisa: projeto “olimpíadas” como entrelaçamento das linguagens

A escola atua na formação do aluno; por isso, deve fazer com que procurem, investiguem, questionem e produzam conhecimento. Nesse sentido, acreditamos que um projeto de pesquisa é uma importante ferramenta para o aluno construir conhecimentos, tornando-o sujeito de sua aprendizagem. Este trabalho justifica-se pela necessidade de se ‘aprender a pesquisar’, aliando conceitos matemáticos e linguísticos. Definimos projeto, a partir de nossa experiência, como um recurso didático capaz de transformar o aprendizado, tornando-o significativo. Dessa forma, escolhemos o tema ‘Olimpíadas’, por gerar diversas possibilidades em sala de aula para o esenvolvimento cognitivo, motor e social. O objetivo deste trabalho é contextualizar o evento esportivo, proporcionando a pesquisa em sala de aula. Adotamos a metodologia de projetos para embasar nosso fazer docente, trabalhando interdisciplinarmente, uma vez que o processo metodológico de aprendizagem envolve níveis de inter-relacionamento de informações, conteúdos, conhecimentos e saberes. O planejamento do projeto pautou-se pela definição de conteúdos; sequencia ordenada de atividades; e, avaliação permanente. Como resultados, destacamos a autonomia desenvolvida nos estudantes e a compreensão inicial do que é/de como se faz pesquisa. Acreditamos que tal projeto didático estimulou a aprendizagem, subsidiou e instrumentalizou a produção de conhecimento discente, no sentido da ação, reflexão e discussão

Long-acting combination of cabotegravir plus rilpivirine: A picture of potential eligible and ineligible HIV-positive individuals from the Italian ARCA cohort

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of people living with HIV (PLWH) eligible for the long-acting injectable (LAI) regimen with cabotegravir (CAB) and rilpivirine (RPV), in comparison with ineligible individuals. Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study from the ARCA cohort, including virologically suppressed PLWH with at least one genotypic resistance testing (GRT) for reverse transcriptase and integrase from plasma and/or PBMCs. Eligibility criteria for LAI CAB+RPV were: negative HBsAg, absence of previous virological failures and/or resistance-associated mutations for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and/or integrase strand transfer inhibitors. Potential differences between eligible and ineligible individuals were investigated by univariable and multivariable analyses. Results: A total of 514 individuals were included: 377 (73.3%) were male, median age was 51 (IQR: 43–58), on ART for 9 years (IQR: 4–17), virologically suppressed for 63 months (IQR: 35–105). Eligible individuals for CAB+RPV were 229 (44.5%, 95%CI: 40.8–48.8); compared with ineligible individuals, they received a lower number of previous regimens (aOR 0.76, 95% CI 0.71–0.83, P < 0.001) and were on current NNRTIs (aOR 2.16, 95% CI 1.38–3.37, P = 0.001). Conclusions: Less than half of virologically suppressed PLWH in the ARCA cohort were potentially eligible for CAB+RPV. They seem to be “less complicated” with shorter exposure to ART and preferably already on NNRTIs

O potencial de morbimortalidade da insuficiência cardíaca: uma abordagem cardiológica / The morbidity and mortality potential of heart failure: a cardiological approach

A insuficiência cardíaca é um fenômeno clínico comum, se caracteriza pela inaptidão cardíaca em bombear o fluxo sanguíneo conforme o exigido. A consequência imediata é o baixo débito cardíaco e posterior hipoperfusão tissular que irá acarretar sintomatologias. O seguinte estudo objetivou analisar e descrever por meio da literatura científica a fisiopatologia e o quadro clínico do paciente acometido por insuficiência cardíaca. Este trabalho foi fundamentado nas plataformas do SciELO, Pubmed, LILACS e Google Acadêmico. Foram selecionados artigos na íntegra e nos idiomas português e inglês, posteriormente submetidos a análise criteriosa. Atualmente, evidencia-se que a condição de insuficiência cardíaca causa um quadro clínico exuberante. No início, o paciente tende a se apresentar assintomático em função dos aparatos de compensação, como a hipertrofia ventricular, elevação da frequência cardíaca e reordenamento cardíaco a qual mantém o débito cardíaco, mesmo com elevada pré-carga, mas estes com a evolução clinica são superados e os sintomas têm início. As principais manifestações clínicas são a síndrome de congestão pulmonar e sistêmica,  edema agudo de pulmão, síndrome do baixo débito cardíaco, caquexia e choque cardiogênico.

The Baltic Health Index (BHI) : Assessing the social–ecological status of the Baltic Sea

1. Improving the health of coastal and open sea marine ecosystems represents a substantial challenge for sustainable marine resource management, since it requires balancing human benefits and impacts on the ocean. This challenge is often exacerbated by incomplete knowledge and lack of tools that measure ocean and coastal ecosystem health in a way that allows consistent monitoring of progress towards predefined management targets. The lack of such tools often limits capabilities to enact and enforce effective governance. 2. We introduce the Baltic Health Index (BHI) as a transparent, collaborative and repeatable assessment tool. The Index complements existing, more ecological-oriented, approaches by including a human dimension on the status of the Baltic Sea, an ecosystem impacted by multiple anthropogenic pressures and governed by a multitude of comprehensive national and international policies. Using a large amount of social–ecological data available, we assessed the health of the Baltic Sea for nine goals that represent the status towards set targets, for example, clean waters, biodiversity, food provision, natural products extraction and tourism. 3. Our results indicate that the overall health of the Baltic Sea is suboptimal (a score of 76 out of 100), and a substantial effort is required to reach the management objectives and associated targets. Subregionally, the lowest BHI scores were measured for carbon storage, contaminants and lasting special places (i.e. marine protected areas), albeit with large spatial variation. 4. Overall, the likely future status of all goals in the BHI averaged for the entire Baltic Sea is better than the present status, indicating a positive trend towards a healthier Baltic Sea. However, in some Baltic Sea basins, the trend for specific goals was decreasing, highlighting locations and issues that should be the focus of management priorities. 5. The BHI outcomes can be used to identify both pan-Baltic and subregional scale management priorities and to illustrate the interconnectedness between goals linked by cumulative pressures. Hence, the information provided by the BHI tool and its further development will contribute towards the fulfilment of the UN Agenda 2030 and its Sustainability Development Goals

Normative resistance to responsibility to protect in times of emerging multipolarity: the cases of Brazil and Russia

This article assesses the normative resistance to Responsibility to Protect adopted by Brazil and Russia against the backdrop of their international identities and self-assigned roles in a changing global order. Drawing upon the framework of Bloomsfield's norm dynamics role spectrum, it argues that while the ambiguous Russian role regarding this principle represents an example of 'norm antipreneurship', particularities of Brazil's resistance are better grasped by a new category left unaccounted for by this model, which this study portrays as 'contesting entrepreneur'.- (undefined

Cuticular Hydrocarbon Profile of Parasitic Beetles, Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)

Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) cover insects’ bodies and play important roles in chemical communication, including nestmate recognition, for social insects. To enter colonies of a social host species, parasites may acquire host-specific CHCs or covertly maintain their own CHC profile by lowering its quantity. However, the chemical profile of small hive beetles (SHBs), Aethina tumida, which are parasites of honey bee, Apis mellifera, colonies, and other bee nests, is currently unknown. Here, adults of SHB and honey bee host workers were collected from the same field colonies and their CHC profiles were analysed using GC-MS. The chemical profiles of field-sampled SHBs were also compared with those of host-naive beetles reared in the laboratory. Laboratory-reared SHBs differed in their CHC profiles from field-sampled ones, which showed a more similar, but ten-fold lower, generic host CHC profile compared to host workers. While the data confirm colony-specific CHCs of honey bee workers, the profile of field-collected SHBs was not colony-specific. Adult SHBs often commute between different host colonies, thereby possibly preventing the acquisition of a colony-specific CHC profiles. An ester was exclusive to both groups of SHBs and might constitute an intraspecific recognition cue. Our data suggest that SHBs do not use any finely tuned chemical strategy to conceal their presence inside host colonies and instead probably rely on their hard exoskeleton and defence behaviours

MicroRNA-191 triggers keratinocytes senescence by SATB1 and CDK6 downregulation

Keratinocyte replicative senescence has an important role in time-dependent changes of the epidermis, a tissue with high turnover. Senescence encompasses growth arrest during which cells remain metabolically active but acquire a typical enlarged, vacuolar and flattened morphology. It is also accompanied by the expression of endogenous senescence-associated-β-galactosidase and specific gene expression profiles. MicroRNAs levels have been shown to be modulated during keratinocytes senescence, playing key roles in inhibiting proliferation and in the acquisition of senescent markers. Here, we identify miR-191 as an anti-proliferative and replicative senescence-associated miRNA in primary human keratinocytes. Its overexpression is sufficient per se to induce senescence, as evaluated by induction of several senescence-associated markers. We show that SATB1 and CDK6 3'UTRs are two miR-191 direct targets involved in this pathway. Cdk6 and Satb1 protein levels decrease during keratinocytes replicative senescence and their silencing by siRNA is able to induce a G1 block in cell cycle, accompanied by an increase in senescence-associated markers

Thermal profile construction for energy-intensive industrial sectors

Industrial plant data are difficult to find in academic literature for a number of reasons such as confiden- tiality, and thus intentional masking, or problem size reduction. These common practices limit the ability of researchers to apply novel methods to real cases and understand energy consumption of real industrial plant instances. This is especially pertinent in the field of process integration, as realistic representations of real processes form the basis for the application of novel technologies. Few efforts have been made in this area [1, 2] demonstrating the added value of these profiles; thus, a clear methodology is required for constructing such energy consumption profiles. The method proposed in this work defines an approach for constructing the heat profiles of major industries in a generic way. Parameterized models of several major European industries are presented for defining specific production/plant instances based on contextual specificities to represent different production pathways. The profile construction methodology is described for several situations of data access. Confidentiality issues are addressed by different anonymization techniques such as aggregation, sta- tistical treatment, or by using data which are already publicly available. In this work, data were gathered from real plant operations and validated at higher levels using public information. Although the potential applications and implications of these profiles are clear, two cases are presented to exhibit adaptation of the parameterized models to specific instances and profile use for process integration problems. Varying the model parameters represents different plant instances and thus yield different integration solutions for the major process industries included in this work

Long-acting combination of cabotegravir plus rilpivirine: A picture of potential eligible and ineligible HIV-positive individuals from the Italian ARCA cohort

ABSTRACT: Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of people living with HIV (PLWH) eligible for the long-acting injectable (LAI) regimen with cabotegravir (CAB) and rilpivirine (RPV), in comparison with ineligible individuals. Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study from the ARCA cohort, including virologically suppressed PLWH with at least one genotypic resistance testing (GRT) for reverse transcriptase and integrase from plasma and/or PBMCs. Eligibility criteria for LAI CAB+RPV were: negative HBsAg, absence of previous virological failures and/or resistance-associated mutations for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and/or integrase strand transfer inhibitors. Potential differences between eligible and ineligible individuals were investigated by univariable and multivariable analyses. Results: A total of 514 individuals were included: 377 (73.3%) were male, median age was 51 (IQR: 43–58), on ART for 9 years (IQR: 4–17), virologically suppressed for 63 months (IQR: 35–105). Eligible individuals for CAB+RPV were 229 (44.5%, 95%CI: 40.8–48.8); compared with ineligible individuals, they received a lower number of previous regimens (aOR 0.76, 95% CI 0.71–0.83, P < 0.001) and were on current NNRTIs (aOR 2.16, 95% CI 1.38–3.37, P = 0.001). Conclusions: Less than half of virologically suppressed PLWH in the ARCA cohort were potentially eligible for CAB+RPV. They seem to be “less complicated” with shorter exposure to ART and preferably already on NNRTIs

Allele-specific silencing as treatment for gene duplication disorders: Proof-of-principle in autosomal dominant leukodystrophy

Allele-specific silencing by RNA interference (ASP-siRNA) holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for downregulating a single mutant allele with minimal suppression of the corresponding wild-type allele. This approach has been effectively used to target autosomal dominant mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms linked with aberrantly expanded trinucleotide repeats. Here, we propose ASP-siRNA as a preferable choice to target duplicated disease genes, avoiding potentially harmful excessive downregulation. As a proof-of-concept, we studied autosomal dominant adult-onset demyelinating leukodystrophy (ADLD) due to lamin B1 (LMNB1) duplication, a hereditary, progressive and fatal disorder affecting myelin in the CNS. Using a reporter system, we screened the most efficient ASP-siRNAs preferentially targeting one of the alleles at rs1051644 (average minor allele frequency: 0.45) located in the 3' untranslated region of the gene. We identified four siRNAs with a high efficacy and allele-specificity, which were tested in ADLD patient-derived fibroblasts. Three of the small interfering RNAs were highly selective for the target allele and restored both LMNB1 mRNA and protein levels close to control levels. Furthermore, small interfering RNA treatment abrogates the ADLD-specific phenotypes in fibroblasts and in two disease-relevant cellular models: murine oligodendrocytes overexpressing human LMNB1, and neurons directly reprogrammed from patients' fibroblasts. In conclusion, we demonstrated that ASP-silencing by RNA interference is a suitable and promising therapeutic option for ADLD. Moreover, our results have a broad translational value extending to several pathological conditions linked to gene-gain in copy number variations