Human APOBEC1 cytidine deaminase edits HBV DNA

Retroviruses, hepadnaviruses, and some other retroelements are vulnerable to editing by single stranded DNA cytidine deaminases. Of the eleven human genes encoding such enzymes, eight have demonstrable enzymatic activity. Six of seven human APOBEC3 are able to hyperedit HBV DNA, frequently on both strands. Although human APOBEC1 (hA1) is not generally expressed in normal liver, hA1 can edit single stranded DNA in a variety of experimental assays. The possibility of ectopic expression of hA1 in vivo cannot be ruled out and interestingly, transgenic mice with A1 expressed under a liver specific promoter develop hepatocellular carcinoma. The impact of hA1 on HBV in tissue culture is varied with reports noting either reduced DNA synthesis or not, with cytidine deamination taking a low profile. We sought to examine the hA1 editing activity on replicating HBV. Using highly sensitive 3DPCR it was possible to show that hA1 edits the HBV minus DNA strand as efficiently as hA3G, considered the reference deaminase for HIV and HBV. The dinucleotide specificity of editing was unique among human cytidine deaminases providing a hallmark of use in a posteriori analyses of in vivo edited genomes. Analysis of sequences derived from the serum of two chronic carriers, indicated that hA1 explained only a small fraction of edited HBV genomes. By contrast, several human APOBEC3 deaminases were active including hA3G

Valoración sociocultural de los servicios ecosistémicos de la zona costera del Caribe mexicano

En esta investigación se realizó, utilizando un Proceso Analítico Jerárquico, una valoración sociocultural de los servicios ecosistémicos (SE) que convergen en un sistema lagunar al norte del Caribe mexicano. El objetivo fue evaluar cuál ecosistema tiene más valor para las cooperativas turístico-pesqueras y para un grupo de especialistas. Los resultados obtenidos, en ambos grupos, muestran que el manglar es el ecosistema más valorado y el pasto marino el menos valorado. Las percepciones obtenidas coinciden y evidencian el potencial que tiene la valoración sociocultural en la identificación de elementos clave para trabajar en el manejo sostenible de zonas costeras

Correlación entre las dimensiones del examen de admisión y la trayectoria académica de estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Enfermería en una Institución de Educación Superior

La educación es un derecho humano que promueve la libertad y la autonomía del individuo. Para el ingreso a esta educación se generan herramientas de selección. En la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí se utiliza un proceso de admisión que consta de varias fases. Por otro lado, la permanencia de los estudiantes está condicionado por varios factores. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la relación entre las diferentes dimensiones del proceso de admisión: examen psicométrico, examen de conocimientos y EXANI-II y la trayectoria académica (estatus y promedio general académico) del estudiante en las generaciones 2016, 2017 y 2018, para posteriormente generar estrategias orientadas a disminuir el rezago y la deserción, y aumentar la eficiencia terminal y la titulación en el PE de Licenciatura en Enfermería de la UAMZM-UASLP. Para esto se llevó a cabo una investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva y correlacional de corte transversal, con un diseño no experimental, correlacional del tipo expo facto. El promedio del examen de admisión en los alumnos de las 3 generaciones en el PE de la LE de la UAMZM-UASLP es un predictor de los promedios generales académicos. Sin embargo, no determina el estatus del alumno en su tránsito por el plan curricular

Nivel de liderazgo transformacional, variables sociodemográficas y la experiencia pedagógica de los docentes universitarios

The purpose of the research was to determine the level of transformational leadership and its relationship with sociodemographic variables and the pedagogical experience of the teachers of a public university in Mexico. A quantitative approach of correlational scope was used, with a study population of 123 teachers and with probability sampling. Data collection was done by applying the modified Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), which is a validated instrument to measure transformational leadership, with the personal survey technique. The instrument consisted of 60 items and the data analysis was done using computer systems and descriptive and correlational statistics with the Statistical Package for the Social (SPSS) tool. Among the main findings, it was found that teachers perceive themselves to have a high level of transformational leadership and that age, gender and academic preparation are not related to the level of transformational leadership of teachers. In the same way, no relationship was found between the pedagogical experience and transformational leadership in the teachers of the public university in Mexico where the study was applied. The results will serve to propose actions aimed at strengthening transformational leadership in teachers.El propósito de la investigación, fue determinar el nivel de liderazgo transformacional y su relación con variables sociodemográficas y la experiencia pedagógica de los docentes de una universidad pública de México. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo de alcance correlacional, con una población de estudio de 123 docentes y muestreo probabilístico. La recolección de datos se hizo mediante la aplicación del cuestionario Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) modificado, el cual es un instrumento validado para medir el liderazgo transformacional, con la técnica de encuesta personal. El instrumento constó con 60 reactivos y el análisis de datos se hizo mediante sistemas informáticos y estadística descriptiva y correlacional con la herramienta Statistical Package for the Social (SPSS). Dentro de los principales hallazgos, se encontró que los docentes se perciben con un nivel alto de liderazgo transformacional y que la edad, el género y la preparación académica, no se relacionan con el nivel de liderazgo transformacional de los docentes. De la misma manera, no se encontró relación entre la experiencia pedagógica y el liderazgo transformacional en los docentes de la universidad pública de México donde se aplicó el estudio. Los resultados servirán para proponer acciones tendientes a fortalecer el liderazgo transformacional en los docentes universitarios

Assessing Zika Virus Transmission Within Households During an Outbreak in Martinique, 2015-2016.

Since 2015, Zika virus (ZIKV) has caused large epidemics in the Americas. Households are natural targets for control interventions, but quantification of the contribution of household transmission to overall spread is needed to guide policy. We developed a modeling framework to evaluate this contribution and key epidemic features of the ZIKV epidemic in Martinique in 2015-2016 from the joint analysis of a household transmission study (n = 68 households), a study among symptomatic pregnant women (n = 281), and seroprevalence surveys of blood donors (n = 457). We estimated that the probability of mosquito-mediated within-household transmission (from an infected member to a susceptible one) was 21% (95% credible interval (CrI): 5, 51), and the overall probability of infection from outside the household (i.e., in the community) was 39% (95% CrI: 27, 50). Overall, 50% (95% CrI: 43, 58) of the population was infected, with 22% (95% CrI: 5, 46) of infections acquired in households and 40% (95% CrI: 23, 56) being asymptomatic. The probability of presenting with Zika-like symptoms due to another cause was 16% (95% CrI: 10, 23). This study characterized the contribution of household transmission in ZIKV epidemics, demonstrating the benefits of integrating multiple data sets to gain more insight into epidemic dynamics

Comportamiento sexual relacionado con redes sociales en los adolescentes

Adolescence is the period of growth between the ages of 10 and 19, where decision-making regarding their sexuality is of paramount importance because of the risks they face and by the influence of social networks. For this reason, the relationship between sexual behavior and social networks of adolescents aged 12 to 19 years in the Escuela Secundaria y de Bachilleres Oficial Diurna De Orizaba in the period February-July 2022 was determined. The research methodology is quantitative, non-experimental, prospective, cross-sectional and correlational, with a non-probabilistic class sample consisting of 154 students between 15 and 19 years old. The instrument "Addictive use of the internet and its relationship with sexual behavior in adolescents" with Cronbach's alpha index 0.876 was used. The results indicate a high level of risky sexual behavior of 38.3%. It was concluded that there is no relationship between sexual behavior and the use of social networksLa adolescencia es el período de crecimiento entre los 10 y 19 años, donde la toma de decisiones con respecto a su sexualidad es de suma importancia debido a los riesgos a los que se enfrentan y por la influencia de las redes sociales. Por esta razón se determinó indagar la relación que existe entre el comportamiento sexual y las redes sociales de los adolescentes de 12 a 19 años en la Escuela Secundaria y de Bachilleres Oficial Diurna De Orizaba en el periodo febrero-julio 2022. La metodología de la investigación fue cuantitativa, no experimental, prospectiva, transversal y correlacional, con una muestra de clase no probabilística constituida por 154 estudiantes de entre 15 a 19 años. Se utilizó el instrumento “Uso adictivo del internet y su relación con la conducta sexual en adolescentes” con índice de alfa de Cronbach 0.876. Los resultados señalan un alto nivel de comportamiento sexual de riesgo del 38.3%. Se concluyó que no existe relación entre el comportamiento sexual y el uso de las redes sociales

Vaccine breakthrough hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs

Life-threatening `breakthrough' cases of critical COVID-19 are attributed to poor or waning antibody response to the SARS- CoV-2 vaccine in individuals already at risk. Pre-existing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs underlie at least 15% of critical COVID-19 pneumonia cases in unvaccinated individuals; however, their contribution to hypoxemic breakthrough cases in vaccinated people remains unknown. Here, we studied a cohort of 48 individuals ( age 20-86 years) who received 2 doses of an mRNA vaccine and developed a breakthrough infection with hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia 2 weeks to 4 months later. Antibody levels to the vaccine, neutralization of the virus, and auto- Abs to type I IFNs were measured in the plasma. Forty-two individuals had no known deficiency of B cell immunity and a normal antibody response to the vaccine. Among them, ten (24%) had auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs (aged 43-86 years). Eight of these ten patients had auto-Abs neutralizing both IFN-a2 and IFN-., while two neutralized IFN-omega only. No patient neutralized IFN-ss. Seven neutralized 10 ng/mL of type I IFNs, and three 100 pg/mL only. Seven patients neutralized SARS-CoV-2 D614G and the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) efficiently, while one patient neutralized Delta slightly less efficiently. Two of the three patients neutralizing only 100 pg/mL of type I IFNs neutralized both D61G and Delta less efficiently. Despite two mRNA vaccine inoculations and the presence of circulating antibodies capable of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs may underlie a significant proportion of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia cases, highlighting the importance of this particularly vulnerable population

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Elaboration d'une stratégie vaccinale innovante (administration orale de plantes transgéniques exprimant des antigènes du VHB et du VIH-1)

Le développement d un vaccin anti-VIH-1 est une priorité de santé publique. Le tissu lymphoïde associé à la muqueuse intestinale (GALT) est le site préférentiel de réplication du VIH-1 en primo infection. Pour atteindre le GALT, nous avons opté pour l utilisation de plantes transgéniques comme vecteur de production et d administration orale d antigènes du VIH-1 et construit un polyépitope du VIH-1 restreint à un allèle de classe I du CMH. Ce polyépitope a été conçu par sélection d épitopes gag et pol et fusionné à l antigène de surface du virus de l hépatite B (AgHBs). L AgHBs est capable de former des pseudo-particules virales (VLPs) véhiculant des peptides immunogènes. Nous avons obtenu différents niveaux d expression des VLPs chimères portant différents polyépitopes du VIH-1. Nous avons généré deux espèces végétales exprimant ces VLPs. L immunogénicité des différents VLPs a été caractérisée chez la souris. Une première étude a consisté en une vaccination parentérale par ADN, suivie de rappels par administration orale de tabac transgénique. La deuxième étude a consisté en une vaccination effectuée exclusivement par administration orale de différentes doses d antigène et de plantes. Pour la première fois on a démontré qu il est possible d induire une activation des lymphocytes T CD8+ anti-VIH-1 par l administration orale de plantes transgéniques exprimant des antigènes du VIH-1. Nous avons mis en évidence que l administration de doses faibles d antigène et de plantes lyophilisées favorise l immunogénicité et limite la tolérance à l antigène. Ces résultats ouvrent une nouvelle voie d étude dans la vaccination anti-VIH-1.PARIS-BIUSJ-Physique recherche (751052113) / SudocSudocFranceF

Antiguos tratados de apicultura de difusión local:: nuevas aportaciones en relación con "El colmenero poeta"

These pages collect new hypotheses about the contributions of the ancient apiculture treaties discovered to the present, based on the handwritten treaty The poet beekeeper written in verse in the XIX century which was first published in 2011. Likewise, an exhaustive stay of play is undertaken about the analysed historiography including interesting discoveries about the authorship and the copyist of some of these hand-written and printed treaties. Finally, a detailed description of two preserved apiaries in the Cidacos valley is offered and their current state of conservation. Both of them are placed in wonderful landscapes of singular beauty and their exceptional constructions claim their protection and improvement for new generations: the apiary placed in ‘Yasa Miel’ between Arnedo and Quel and the apiary placed in ‘Barranco de Ratasisa’ next to the lower Santa EulaliaEstas páginas recogen nuevas hipótesis sobre las aportaciones obtenidas acerca de los tratados antiguos de apicultura descubiertos hasta la actualidad, a partir del tratado manuscrito El Colmenero Poeta escrito en verso en el siglo XIX, y que fue publicado por primera vez en 2011. De igual forma se aborda un exhaustivo estado de la cuestión sobre la historiografía analizada sobre esta materia incluyendo interesantes descubrimientos sobre la autoría y copistas de algunos de estos tratados manuscritos e impresos. En último lugar se ofrece una detallada descripción sobre dos colmenares conservados en el valle del Cidacos y su actual estado de conservación, ubicados ambos en parajes de singular belleza y cuyas excepcionales construcciones reclaman su protección y puesta en valor para las generaciones venideras: el colmenar de Yasa Miel entre Arnedo y Quel y el del Barranco de Ratasisa, próximo a Santa Eulalia Bajera