Designing microcapsules to save energy in buildings

Buildings consume the major portıon of the world’s energy. Improvements in building elements have been proven to significantly reduce this consumption. Integrating phase change materials (PCM) into a building’s parts is an effective solution to reduce energy consumption. PCMs help to maintain thermal comfort, reduce heating, cooling loads as well as improve passive storage of solar energy in buildings. Previous studies have concentrated on impregnating PCMs into materials like concrete mixes, gypsum wall boards, plasters, textured finishes, as well as PCM trombe walls, PCM shutters, PCM building blocks, air-based heating systems, floor heating systems, suspended ceiling boards, etc.[1]. The current challenge is to find a suitable PCM that can be safe, thermally effective and at the same time not adversely effect the durability of a building. PCMs may be in microcapsulated form to meet these challenges. The most common PCM studied previously is paraffin, be it in bulk or microencapsulated. Leakage of paraffin from porous structures, the breaking of microcapsules and the low thermal capacities of microencapsulated PCMs are the main problems that have been observed [2]. The current challenge is to find a suitable PCM that can be safe, thermally effective and at the same time not adversely effect the durability of a building. PCMs may be in microcapsulated form to meet these challenges. The most common PCM studied previously is paraffin, be it in bulk or microencapsulated. Leakage of paraffin from porous structures, the breaking of microcapsules and the low thermal capacities of microencapsulated PCMs are the main problems that have been observed [2. Paraffin is a fossil fuel derivative; thus, it is unsustainable. This study focuses on bio-based fatty acid mixtures as PCMs. We developed microcapsules of fatty acid mixtures that were tried in concrete mixes. Our design approach involved the following steps: determining and characterizing PCMs with suitable thermal properties; developing a method to synthesize microencapsulated PCMs; and finally incorporate these materials in buildings for improving thermal comfort and energy conservation. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Unconventional experimental technologies used for phase change materials (PCM) characterization: part2 morphological and structural characterization, physico-chemical stability and mechanical properties

Due to the high interest of appropriate characterization of PCM and hybrid PCM composites, different research centres and universities are using several material characterization techniques not commonly used with PCM, to study the structure and morphology of these materials. Likewise, physico-chemical stability is a crucial parameter for the performance of latent storage materials during time and its evaluation has been done by using molecular spectroscopy, chemiluminiscence or calorimetric tests. Atomic force microscopy and nanoindentation are also reported to characterize hybrid PCM composites

Unconventional experimental technologies used for phase change materials (PCM) characterization: part 2 – morphological and structural characterization, physico-chemical stability and mechanical properties

Due to the high interest of appropriate characterization of PCM and hybrid PCM composites, different research centres and universities are using several material characterization techniques not commonly used with PCM, to study the structure and morphology of these materials. Likewise, physico-chemical stability is a crucial parameter for the performance of latent storage materials during time and its evaluation has been done by using molecular spectroscopy, chemiluminiscence or calorimetric tests. Atomic force microscopy and nanoindentation are also reported to characterize hybrid PCM composites. Other chemical aspects studied are related with the compatibility of the PCM and its container and also considered in this compilation of characterization work.The work is partially funded by the European Union (COST Action COST TU0802) and the Spanish government (ENE2011- 28269-C03-01, ENE2011-28269-C03-02 and ENE2011-22722). The authors would like to thank the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation given to their research group GREA (2014 SGR 123) and their research group DIOPMA (2014 SGR 1543). Aran Solé would like to thank the Departament d’Universitats, Recerca i Societat de la Informació de la Generalitat de Catalunya for her research fellowship

Essential oil extraction and investigation of components of some endemic plants.

TEZ8858Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2011.Kaynakça (s. 61-71) var.xi, 73 s. : res. ; 29 cm.Essential oils are industrial importance compounds. In this study essential oils of some endemic plants were extracted with subcritical water and hydro destilation extraction methods. Results showed that subcritical water extraction is more effective to extract essential oils.Uçucu yağlar birçok sektörde önemi gittikçe artan maddelerdir. Bu çalışmada bazı endemik bitkilerin yapraklarından su destilasyonu ve subkritik su ekstraksiyonu ile uçucu yağ elde edilmiştir. Bu iki yöntem kıyaslandığında genellikle subkritik su ekstraksiyonunun hem nitelik hem de nicelik olarak daha etkili bir yöntem olduğu saptanmıştır.Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından desteklenmiştir. Proje No: FEF2010YL14

Development and application of novel concrete mixtures storing solar energy with phase change materials for energy savings in buildings.

TEZ11551Tez (Doktora) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2017.Kaynakça (s. 211-221) var.xxviii, 342 s. : res. (bzs. rnk.), tablo ; 29 cm.Bu çalışmada, faz değiştiren madde (FDM) içeren yeni nesil beton karışımları geliştirilerek, betonun termal depolama özelliklerinin arttırılması ve binalarda güneş enerjisinden pasif olarak daha fazla yararlanma imkânları araştırılmıştır. İlk aşamada, konfor sıcaklığına uygun, beton için kullanılan kimyasal katkılara benzer yapıda FDM adayları belirlenmiştir. FDM eklenmesiyle beton yapısında meydana gelebilecek değişimler hidratasyon sıcaklığı takibi, XRD, SEM ve basınç dayanım testleri ile incelenmiştir. FDM adaylarının beton içerisinde doğrudan karıştırılarak veya kapsüllenerek uygulanması ile elde edilecek termal kazanımlar karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Kullanılan FDM’lerin betonarme çeliğine olası korozif ya da korozyon koruyucu etkisi Elektrokimyasal İmpedans Spektroskopisi yöntemi ile bir yıl boyunca incelenmiştir. FDM’lerin, betonun termal özelliklerini geliştirirken betonarme çeliği üzerinde korozif etki göstermediği görülmüştür. Geliştirilen FDM’li beton karışımları kullanılarak iki katmanlı kompozit beton paneller üretilmiş ve bu paneller kullanılarak test kulübeleri inşaa edilmiştir. Adana, İncirlik’teki test sahasında, gerçek iklim koşulları altında, FDM’li ve FDM’siz test kulüblerinden elde edilen sıcaklık, iklim ve güneş ışınımı verileri 2 yıl boyunca kaydedilmiştir. Çalışmanın son aşamasında binalarda FDM kullanımı ile sağlanacak ekonomik ve çevresel yararlar hesaplanarak elde edilecek fayda ve sağlanacak tasarruf değerleri belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, FDM’li beton ile inşaa edilen binalarda mevsime göre, ısıtma yükünün %13’e kadar azaltılabileceğini göstermiştir.In this study, new generation concrete mixtures with phase chance material (PCM) have been developed. Improving thermal density of concrete and possibility of more efficient solar gain in passive buildings were studied. In the first stage; PCM candidates were selected based on suitable comfort temperatures and similar structure with concrete additives. Possible changes on concrete structure were investigated using XRD, SEM and compressive strength tests. Thermal energy gains via direct and microencapsulated mixing of PCMs candidates were studied comparatively. Corrosive behaviour of PCM on reinforced steel was monitored using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy technique for one year. Results show that PCMs are enhanced the termal properties of concrete while not affected on corrosion rate of reinforcement steel. Two layered composit panels were fabricated using novel concrete mixtures containing PCM. Test cabins were built using these composit panels. Indoor and wall surface temperatures of reference and PCM cabins, weather and solar irradiation data have been collected on field for two years. In the last stage of the study, economical and environmental gains with using of PCM in buildings were calculated. Results showed that heating loads can be reduced up to 13% by using novel PCM-concrete mixtures in buildings.Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından desteklenmiştir. Proje No: FDK-2015-3278

Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Supported PtNi Nanoparticles (PtNi@SWCNT) Catalyzed Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohols to the Benzaldehyde Derivatives in Oxygen Atmosphere

This study reports a developed process which is a general and facile method for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol (BnOH) compounds to the benzaldehyde (BA) derivatives, under mild conditions. The oxidation of BnOH species catalyzed by PtNi@SWCNT in toluene (3ml) at 80 degrees C under a continuous stream of O-2. Single wall carbon nanotube supported PtNi (PtNi@SWCNT) nanoparticles were synthesized using a single-step modified reduction process. The characterization of PtNi@SWCNT nanocatalyst was performed by transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and elemental analysis by ICP-OES. A variety of BnOH compounds were oxidized by the PtNi@SWCNT catalyst and all the expected oxidation products were obtained in high efficiency in 2hours of reaction time. TLC was used to monitoring the reaction progress, and the products were identified by H-1/C-13-NMR analysis.Dumlupnar University [2014-05]; Duzce UniversityDuzce University [2018.26.04.880]The authors would like to thank Dumlupnar University (BAP Project Number: 2014-05) and Duzce University (BAP Project Number: 2018.26.04.880) for their support of this work.WOS:0005449370000072-s2.0-85086619572PubMed: 3254166

A Novel Hydrogenation of Nitroarene Compounds with Multi Wall Carbon Nanotube Supported Palladium/Copper Nanoparticles (PdCu@MWCNT NPs) in Aqueous Medium

A novel nanocatalyst, multi-wall carbon nanotube supported palladium/copper (PdCu@MWCNT) nanoparticles, was synthesized for the reduction of nitroarene compounds. Characterization of the nanocatalyst was achieved by XRD, XPS, TEM, and Raman spectroscopy analysis. In this study, the hydrogenation of nitroarenes to primary amine compounds was achieved in aqueous medium at room temperature. The aniline derivatives were synthesized with high yields at mild conditions via novel PdCu@MWCNT nanocatalyst. The conversion of nitroarenes to amine derivatives was accomplished at 99% efficiency. In addition to its high activity, the PdCu@MWCNT catalyst was determined to be stable and reusable after the 3rd consecutive use for the reaction and provided 99% conversion of various compounds in the reduction reaction.Kaynasli Vocational College at Duzce UniversityDuzce University; TUBA (Turkish Academy of Sciences)Turkish Academy of Sciences; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [BIDEB 2218]The authors would like to thank Kaynasli Vocational College at Duzce University and TUBA (Turkish Academy of Sciences) for their support of this work. One of the authors, K.C. would like to thank Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) - BIDEB 2218, for the fellowship.WOS:0005500775000012-s2.0-85084787936PubMed: 3241514

Characterization of Concrete Mixes Containing Phase Change Materials

Phase change materials (PCM) can be used in passive building applications to achieve near zero energy building goals. For this purpose PCM can be added in building structures and materials in different forms. Direct incorporation, form stabilization and microencapsulation are different forms used for PCM integration in building materials. In addition to thermal properties of PCM itself, there are several other criteria that need to be fulfilled for the PCM enhanced building materials. Mechanical properties, corrosive effects, morphology and thermal buffering have to be determined for reliable and long-term applications in buildings. This paper aims to give an overview of characterization methods used to determine these properties in PCM added fresh concrete mixes. Thermal, compressive strength, corrosion, and microscopic test results for concrete mixes with PCM are discussed

Comparison of nanoscale zero-valent iron, fenton, and photo-fenton processes for degradation of pesticide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in aqueous solution

WOS: 000494953200042Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) products are highly applicable in groundwater, industrial water, and wastewater treatment due to the high reduction properties, the small size of particles in the range of nanometers, large surface area, and high reactivity on most toxic contaminants. The ultimate aim of this study is to evaluate the removal performance of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) by nanoscaled ZVI particles. Synthesized nanoscale iron particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). According to SEM images of nZVI, the particle size was under 100 nm in diameter. The specific surface area was measured by the N-2/BET method and determined as 44.7 +/- 0.4 m(2)/g. The influences of nZVI dosage, initial pH and effects of different processes were examined by batch experiments. Results were compared with Fenton and photo-Fenton processes and they showed that under optimized conditions, degradation by nZVI is more effective than Fenton and photo-Fenton reactions and a promising candidate for 2,4-D remediation.Academic and Research Projects Unit of Cukurova University (BAP Project) [FEF2010YL13]This research was funded by the Academic and Research Projects Unit of Cukurova University (BAP Project No. FEF2010YL13), authors gratefully appreciate this support