Gestes, cognition incarnée et artefacts: une analyse bibliographique pour une nouvelle dimension dans les travaux didactiques du LDAR.

International audienceCe cahier a pour objectif de répondre à deux objectifs suivants :- s'approprier les notions de geste et d'incarnation des connaissances dans la perspective d'une utilisation pour des recherches liées à la technologie dans l'enseignement des mathématiques ;- coordonner la réflexion avec la didactique d'une autre discipline, la chimie.Une dizaine d'articles appartenant aux champs de la didactique de la chimie et de "l'éducation mathématique" ont été analysés selon trois dimensions non indépendantes :(1) les gestes comme participant au discours ;(2) le rôle de la perception et les gestes comme signes ;(3) le rôle de l'expérience corporelle dans la conceptualisation.L'introduction fait le lien avec des travaux antérieurs du groupe "Maths et réalités", puis trois parties détaillent l'analyse selon les trois dimensions; une conclusion récapitule les acquis et une postface situe les perspectives ainsi ouvertes

Les technologies numériques en didactique des mathématiques.

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Cytochrome P450s expression in Drosophila melanogaster and insecticide resistance

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Clinical features of Mycobacterium canettii infection: a retrospective study of 20 cases among French soldiers and relatives

International audienceBackground: Mycobacterium canettii forms part of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. M. canettii infections are mainly described in the Horn of Africa. The permanent presence of French soldiers in Djibouti raises the question of the risk of being infected with M. canettii. Our study aims to describe M. canettii infections among French military or their families between 1998 and 2015. Methods: This retrospective study relied on 3 sources of data: the reference centre for mycobacteria in the Biology Department at Percy military hospital in Paris, the French Military Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, and the scientific literature. After an exhaustive census of the strains, we studied the epidemiological data on 20 cases among French soldiers and their families. Results: 20 cases of M. canettii infections are reported, including 5 unpublished cases. Adenitis predominates (n = 15), especially in the cervico facial area and among children; one case was observed one month after dental care in Djibouti. The pulmonary forms were less frequent (n = 6) and 3 atypical forms are described. All patients had stayed in Djibouti. Conclusions: Cases of M. canettii infection among the French military consisted mainly of adenitis; disseminated forms were possible with immunodeficiency. Their evolution under specific treatments were comparable to tuberculosis. The presumed origin of the infection seemed to be environmental, possibly a water reservoir, and not due to human-to-human contagion

Dynamic evaluation of circulating tumour cells in patients with advanced gastric and oesogastric junction adenocarcinoma: Prognostic value and early assessment of therapeutic effects

IF 6.029International audienceBackground: The identification of dynamic biomarkers in advanced gastric and oesogastric junction adenocarcinoma (GOA) could help to tailor strategies for each patient. Enumeration of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in breast, colon and prostate cancer but is not in advanced GOA. Our study aims to establish the optimal threshold and the clinical significance of CTC count in advanced GOA before and during treatment.Methods: One hundred six patients with untreated advanced GOA were included in the ancillary study of the PRODIGE 17-ACCORD 20 trial. CTCs were detected in the peripheral blood using the CellSearch system on day 0 (D0) and day 28 (D28). The prognostic value of CTCs at D0 and D28 was analysed by testing several thresholds.Results: At baseline, median CTC count was 1 (range, 0-415). While CTCs >= 1, 2 or 3 at D0 were all significantly associated with worse overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), CTCs >2 were the optimal threshold, on D0 or D28. CTCs >2 at D28 were also predictive of disease control. Taking into account both D0 and D28 CTC count defined 3 groups (low/low, high/low and low-high/high) with significantly different PFS (p = 0.0002) and OS (p = 0.003).Conclusion: Quantification of CTCs at baseline and during treatment may be a useful prognostic tool in advanced GOA, as it is associated with worse PFS and OS. A threshold >= 2 CTCs seems to have the best discriminant value. Change in CTC count between baseline and D28 could help to tailor treatment to each individual patient. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Marquer la ville

[…] « Marquer la ville » : on aura d’emblée noté que c’est davantage un processus (et ce processus ne peut être naturellement que politique) qu’une typologie formelle qui rassemble ici les différents auteurs. Reste qu’en tant qu’historiens, nous n’avons guère le choix : il faut bien partir d’une description cartographique des empreintes du pouvoir sur la ville pour tenter de reconstituer le mouvement qui les y a laissé, exactement de la même manière que celle du chasseur qui, se penchant vers les traces de sa proie, en déduit que quelqu’un est passé par là, où comme l’archéologue dont la source ne peut être que « l’empreinte du passé marqué dans la matière ». De l’empreinte du pouvoir évidant le centre de la ville aux itinéraires discrètement réticulées qu’impose une forme urbaine dont les rues ne sont pas nommées, Roland Barthes décrit en somme les deux extrémités d’un arc que l’on ambitionne de parcourir dans son entier. Ainsi peut-on espérer définir une rhétorique de la puissance à partir du marquage de la ville par les pouvoirs urbains, et tenter d’y mesurer les parts respectives de la communication, de la persuasion, de l’intimidation ou de la propagande – que celle-ci soit implicite ou explicite. Il s’agit donc avant tout d’inviter à une histoire matérielle, concrète, tangible, du marquage urbain, en ne présumant pas de la nature institutionnelle du pouvoir qui s’y exprime mais en partant simplement d’une phénoménologie : qu’est-ce qui, en ville, parle du pouvoir, à qui et « sur quel ton commande-t-il ? » ajouterait volontiers Paul Veyne. Cette sémiologie politique des espaces urbains doit pouvoir se lire à différentes échelles : des signes les plus discrets (enseignes, blasons, bornes) aux empreintes les plus massives que sont les manifestations architecturales de l’autorité. Mais si l’on doit varier les échelles, il faut également pouvoir reconnaître les différentes intensités du signal : décrire les effets massifs de sens (l’ombre portée d’une tour sur un quartier, ou du château sur la ville tout entière) qui peuvent entraîner des conflits majeurs dans l’occupation de l’espace, mais aussi les éléments ténus d’une « guérilla sémiologique » plus diffuse et à bas bruit (les marques gravées ou griffées sur la pierre, l’écrit éphémère ou les images peintes, voire le paysage sonore) qui participent aussi de la dispute des lieux. Car nous partons sans doute de l’hypothèse que les expressions du pouvoir les plus véhémentes et les plus démonstratives ne sont pas nécessairement les plus convaincantes

Data quality control considerations in multivariate environmental monitoring: experience of the French coastal network SOMLIT

International audienceIntroduction While crucial to ensuring the production of accurate and high-quality data—and to avoid erroneous conclusions—data quality control (QC) in environmental monitoring datasets is still poorly documented. Methods With a focus on annual inter-laboratory comparison (ILC) exercises performed in the context of the French coastal monitoring SOMLIT network, we share here a pragmatic approach to QC, which allows the calculation of systematic and random errors, measurement uncertainty, and individual performance. After an overview of the different QC actions applied to fulfill requirements for quality and competence, we report equipment, accommodation, design of the ILC exercises, and statistical methodology specially adapted to small environmental networks (<20 laboratories) and multivariate datasets. Finally, the expanded uncertainty of measurement for 20 environmental variables routinely measured by SOMLIT from discrete sampling—including Essential Ocean Variables—is provided. Results, Discussion, Conclusion The examination of the temporal variations (2001–2021) in the repeatability, reproducibility, and trueness of the SOMLIT network over time confirms the essential role of ILC exercises as a tool for the continuous improvement of data quality in environmental monitoring datasets

Table_1_Data quality control considerations in multivariate environmental monitoring: experience of the French coastal network SOMLIT.xls

IntroductionWhile crucial to ensuring the production of accurate and high-quality data—and to avoid erroneous conclusions—data quality control (QC) in environmental monitoring datasets is still poorly documented.MethodsWith a focus on annual inter-laboratory comparison (ILC) exercises performed in the context of the French coastal monitoring SOMLIT network, we share here a pragmatic approach to QC, which allows the calculation of systematic and random errors, measurement uncertainty, and individual performance. After an overview of the different QC actions applied to fulfill requirements for quality and competence, we report equipment, accommodation, design of the ILC exercises, and statistical methodology specially adapted to small environmental networks (Results, Discussion, ConclusionThe examination of the temporal variations (2001–2021) in the repeatability, reproducibility, and trueness of the SOMLIT network over time confirms the essential role of ILC exercises as a tool for the continuous improvement of data quality in environmental monitoring datasets.</p

DataSheet_1_Data quality control considerations in multivariate environmental monitoring: experience of the French coastal network SOMLIT.docx

IntroductionWhile crucial to ensuring the production of accurate and high-quality data—and to avoid erroneous conclusions—data quality control (QC) in environmental monitoring datasets is still poorly documented.MethodsWith a focus on annual inter-laboratory comparison (ILC) exercises performed in the context of the French coastal monitoring SOMLIT network, we share here a pragmatic approach to QC, which allows the calculation of systematic and random errors, measurement uncertainty, and individual performance. After an overview of the different QC actions applied to fulfill requirements for quality and competence, we report equipment, accommodation, design of the ILC exercises, and statistical methodology specially adapted to small environmental networks (Results, Discussion, ConclusionThe examination of the temporal variations (2001–2021) in the repeatability, reproducibility, and trueness of the SOMLIT network over time confirms the essential role of ILC exercises as a tool for the continuous improvement of data quality in environmental monitoring datasets.</p