Etude des mécanismes physiopathologiques dans un modèle murin de dystrophie musculaire d'Emery-Dreifuss, la souris hétérozygote Lmna deltaK32/+

LMNA gene encodes lamin A/C, ubiquitous proteins of the nuclear envelope. Some mutations of LMNA gene lead to Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) that associates muscular disease and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with conduction and/or rhythm defects. My work aimed at investigating the phenotype and the associated pathomechanisms in heterozygous LmnaΔK32/+ mice (Het), mutation associated with severe EDMD in patients. Het mice do not show any muscle defect. They progressively develop cardiac dysfunction and DCM, and die between 35 and 70 weeks of age. The evolution of DCM is associated with a modulation of cardiac lamin A/C protein level. Before the development of DCM, lamin A/C protein level is 50% lower in Het than Wt hearts, but do not differ between both groups thereafter. The reduced lamin A/C content resulted from K32-lamin degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). The UPS function is altered in the heart of Het mice. Overexpression of K32-lamin in engineered heart tissue followed by inhibition of the proteasome results in nuclear aggregation of mutant lamin, suggesting a poison peptide effect of these proteins. To conclude, LmnaΔK32/+ mice are the first knock-in Lmna model with cardiac-specific phenotype at the heterozygous state. UPS plays a key role in mutant lamin degradation, limiting its negative impact upon heart tissue. Our data provide evidence for double pathophysiological mechanisms of DCM in LmnadelK32/+ mice: haploinsufficiency is associated with accumulation of a poison peptideLes mutations du gène LMNA, codant les lamines A/C, des protéines ubiquitaires de l'enveloppe nucléaire, sont responsables de formes autosomiques de dystrophie musculaire d'Emery-Dreifuss (EDMD), pathologie associant une atteinte des muscles squelettiques et une cardiomyopathie dilatée (DCM) avec troubles rythmiques et/ou conductifs. Lors de ma thèse j'ai analysé le phénotype musculaire et cardiaque de souris LmnaΔK32/+ (Het), mutation identifiée chez des patients présentant une EDMD sévère. Les souris Het n'ont pas d'atteinte musculaire mais développent une DCM conduisant au décès entre l'âge de 35 et 7O semaines. Le niveau de lamines A/C est diminué de 50% dans le cœur des souris Het avant et au début de la DCM mais similaire aux Wt chez les souris Het souffrant de DCM. La diminution de la quantité de lamines A/C est liée à leur dégradation par le système ubiquitine-protéasome (UPS) dont la fonction est altérée dans le cœur des souris Het, conduisant à l'augmentation de la quantité de lamines K32 avec l'âge. In vitro, l'accumulation des lamines A/C K32 conduit à leur agrégation nucléaire, suggérant un effet dominant négatif de ces protéines mutées. Pour conclure, la souris LmnaΔK32/+ est le premier modèle murin porteur d'une mutation du gène Lmna qui développe une cardiomyopathie isolée à l'état hétérozygote. L'UPS joue un rôle important dans la dégradation des lamines A/C mutées, limitant leur effet délétère. Les mécanismes physiopathologiques à l'origine de la DCM chez les souris Het sont donc doubles : à l'haploinsuffisance des lamines A/C, connue comme préjudiciable pour le cœur, s'ajoute un effet poison des lamines mutées augmentant avec la dysfonction de l'UP

Mutation in lamin A/C sensitizes the myocardium to exercise-induced mechanical stress but has no effect on skeletal muscles in mouse

International audienceLMNA gene encodes lamin A/C, ubiquitous proteins of the nuclear envelope. They play crucial role in maintaining nuclear shape and stiffness. When mutated, they essentially lead to dilated cardiomyopathy with conduction defects, associated or not with muscular diseases. Excessive mechanical stress sensitivity has been involved in the pathophysiology. We have previously reported the phenotype of LmnadelK32 mice, reproducing a mutation found in LMNA-related congenital muscular dystrophy patients. Heterozygous LmnadelK32/+ (Het) mice develop a progressive dilated cardiomyopathy leading to death between 35 and 70 weeks of age. To investigate the sensitivity of the skeletal muscles and myocardium to chronic exercise-induced stress, Het and wild-type (Wt) mice were subjected to strenuous running treadmill exercise for 5 weeks. Before exercise, the cardiac function of Het mice was similar to Wt-littermates. After the exercise-period, Het mice showed cardiac dysfunction and dilation without visible changes in cardiac morphology, molecular remodelling or nuclear structure compared to Wt exercised and Het sedentary mice. Contrary to myocardium, skeletal muscle ex vivo contractile function remained unaffected in Het exercised mice. In conclusion, the expression of the LmnadelK32 mutation increased the susceptibility of the myocardium to cardiac stress and led to an earlier onset of the cardiac phenotype in Het mice

Deletion of MLIP (Muscle-enriched A-type Lamin-interacting Protein) Leads to Cardiac Hyperactivation of Akt/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) and Impaired Cardiac Adaptation*

Aging and diseases generally result from tissue inability to maintain homeostasis through adaptation. The adult heart is particularly vulnerable to disequilibrium in homeostasis because its regenerative abilities are limited. Here, we report that MLIP (muscle enriched A-type lamin-interacting protein), a unique protein of unknown function, is required for proper cardiac adaptation. Mlip(-/-) mice exhibited normal cardiac function despite myocardial metabolic abnormalities and cardiac-specific overactivation of Akt/mTOR pathways. Cardiac-specific MLIP overexpression led to an inhibition of Akt/mTOR, providing evidence of a direct impact of MLIP on these key signaling pathways. Mlip(-/-) hearts showed an impaired capacity to adapt to stress (isoproterenol-induced hypertrophy), likely because of deregulated Akt/mTOR activity. Genome-wide association studies showed a genetic association between Mlip and early response to cardiac stress, supporting the role of MLIP in cardiac adaptation. Together, these results revealed that MLIP is required for normal myocardial adaptation to stress through integrated regulation of the Akt/mTOR pathways

DelK32-lamin A/C has abnormal location and induces incomplete tissue maturation and severe metabolic defects leading to premature death.

International audienceThe LMNA gene encodes lamin A/C intermediate filaments that polymerize beneath the nuclear membrane, and are also found in the nucleoplasm in an uncharacterized assembly state. They are thought to have structural functions and regulatory roles in signaling pathways via interaction with transcription factors. Mutations in LMNA have been involved in numerous inherited human diseases, including severe congenital muscular dystrophy (L-CMD). We created the Lmna(ΔK32) knock-in mouse harboring a L-CMD mutation. Lmna(ΔK32/ΔK32) mice exhibited striated muscle maturation delay and metabolic defects, including reduced adipose tissue and hypoglycemia leading to premature death. The level of mutant proteins was markedly lower in Lmna(ΔK32/ΔK32), and while wild-type lamin A/C proteins were progressively relocated from nucleoplasmic foci to the nuclear rim during embryonic development, mutant proteins were maintained in nucleoplasmic foci. In the liver and during adipocyte differentiation, expression of ΔK32-lamin A/C altered sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) transcriptional activities. Taken together, our results suggest that lamin A/C relocation at the nuclear lamina seems important for tissue maturation potentially by releasing its inhibitory function on transcriptional factors, including but not restricted to SREBP-1. And importantly, L-CMD patients should be investigated for putative metabolic disorders

Heterozygous LmnadelK32 mice develop dilated cardiomyopathy through a combined pathomechanism of haploinsufficiency and peptide toxicity.

International audienceDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) associates left ventricular (LV) dilatation and systolic dysfunction and is a major cause of heart failure and cardiac transplantation. LMNA gene encodes lamins A/C, proteins of the nuclear envelope. LMNA mutations cause DCM with conduction and/or rhythm defects. The pathomechanisms linking mutations to DCM remain to be elucidated. We investigated the phenotype and associated pathomechanisms of heterozygous Lmna(ΔK32/+) (Het) knock-in mice, which carry a human mutation. Het mice developed a cardiac-specific phenotype. Two phases, with two different pathomechanisms, could be observed that lead to the development of cardiac dysfunction, DCM and death between 35 and 70 weeks of age. In young Het hearts, there was a clear reduction in lamin A/C level, mainly due to the degradation of toxic ΔK32-lamin. As a side effect, lamin A/C haploinsufficiency probably triggers the cardiac remodelling. In older hearts, when DCM has developed, the lamin A/C level was normalized and associated with increased toxic ΔK32-lamin expression. Crossing our mice with the Ub(G76V)-GFP ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) reporter mice revealed a heart-specific UPS impairment in Het. While UPS impairment itself has a clear deleterious effect on engineered heart tissue's force of contraction, it also leads to the nuclear aggregation of viral-mediated expression of ΔK32-lamin. In conclusion, Het mice are the first knock-in Lmna model with cardiac-specific phenotype at the heterozygous state. Altogether, our data provide evidence that Het cardiomyocytes have to deal with major dilemma: mutant lamin A/C degradation or normalization of lamin level to fight the deleterious effect of lamin haploinsufficiency, both leading to DCM

Deletion of MLIP (Muscle-enriched A-type Lamin-interacting Protein) Leads to Cardiac Hyperactivation of Akt/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) and Impaired Cardiac Adaptation

Aging and diseases generally result from tissue inability to maintain homeostasis through adaptation. The adult heart is particularly vulnerable to disequilibrium in homeostasis because its regenerative abilities are limited. Here, we report that MLIP (muscle enriched A-type lamin-interacting protein), a unique protein of unknown function, is required for proper cardiac adaptation. Mlip(−/−) mice exhibited normal cardiac function despite myocardial metabolic abnormalities and cardiac-specific overactivation of Akt/mTOR pathways. Cardiac-specific MLIP overexpression led to an inhibition of Akt/mTOR, providing evidence of a direct impact of MLIP on these key signaling pathways. Mlip(−/−) hearts showed an impaired capacity to adapt to stress (isoproterenol-induced hypertrophy), likely because of deregulated Akt/mTOR activity. Genome-wide association studies showed a genetic association between Mlip and early response to cardiac stress, supporting the role of MLIP in cardiac adaptation. Together, these results revealed that MLIP is required for normal myocardial adaptation to stress through integrated regulation of the Akt/mTOR pathways