Arbitrariedad y misericordia en la Inquisición : cuando el profeta es un iluso ignorante. Thomé García (Toledo, 1671)

A través del proceso de fe de Thomé García, instruido por la Inquisición de Toledo en 1671, intentamos acercarnos a la realidad procesal de los profetas y visionarios que fueron considerados ilusos e ignorantes. Nos preguntamos si los inquisidores al ser conscientes de su situación de desamparo, escasa formación y/o escasa capacidad intelectual entendieron que, pese a todo, no eran unos personajes peligrosos y, por tanto, queremos analizar cómo fueron tratados por la Inquisición. Es difícil valorar las conductas dentro del marco jurídico que regía la actividad inquisitorial, pero no es menos cierto que los inquisidores tenían una amplia potestad que les permitía usar arbitrariamente su autoridad en la imposición de las penas. Así, proponemos una reflexión en torno a la conmiseración y la benevolencia en el oficio del inquisidor en el mundo profético y visionario de la España moderna.Through the process of faith of Thomé García, inquired by the Inquisition of Toledo in 1671, we try to approach to the procedural reality of the prophets and the visionaries who were considered simpleton and ignorant. We wonder if the inquisitors were aware of their situation of helplessness, lack of training and/or poor intellectual capacity understood that, despite everything, they were not dangerous people. Therefore, we want to analyse how the Inquisition treated them. It is difficult to appreciate the behaviours within the legal framework that governed the inquisitorial activity, but it is no less true that the inquisitors had a broad power that allowed them to use arbitrarily their authority in the imposition of penalties. Therefore, we suggest a reflection about the commiseration and benevolence in the job of the inquisitor in the prophetic and visionary world of modern Spain

La enseñanza de la lengua extranjera (inglés) a través del Aprendizaje Cooperativo en la etapa de Educación Primaria

El presente Trabajo Fin de Grado muestra un estudio acerca del Aprendizaje Cooperativo en la etapa de Educación Primaria, concretamente, en el aula de lengua extrajera (inglés). Para ello, se presenta una fundamentación teórica que servirá como referencia y apoyo principal para la elaboración de una Propuesta didáctica personal basada en la metodología del Aprendizaje Cooperativo. La propuesta irá destinada al alumnado de cuarto curso de educación Primaria, y uno de los principales objetivos será desarrollar en los estudiantes la competencia en comunicación lingüística en contextos propios de la vida cotidiana.Grado en Educación Primari

Immobilization and marking of the Egyptian Mongoose, Herpestes ichneumon (L.) in Spain

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas de España (CSIC)Comisión Asesora de Investigación Científica y Técnica de España (CAICYT

Reseña Brecht en la Ciudad de la Fruta. Una aproximación al teatro épico

Reseña sobre La Ciudad de la Fruta es una obra autobiográfica de la dramaturga chilena Leyla Selman, montada en el Teatro de la Memoria. Esta es una obra en la cual se narra la historia de abusos infantiles que Leyla sufrió en el tiempo histórico de la dictadura militar en Chil

Childhood sexual abuse, sexual behavior, and revictimization in adolescence and youth: a mini review

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is considered as an activity aimed at providing sexual pleasure, stimulation, or sexual gratification to an adult who uses a minor for this purpose, taking advantage of the situation of superiority. CSA can have devastating consequences for the child. Previous studies have concluded that those who suffer an episode of CSA perform more risky sexual behaviors and are more likely to experience further episodes of sexual victimization during adolescence and early youth. There are two theoretical contributions that, although they offer partial views, can help to understand the association between CSA, sexual behavior, and revictimization in adulthood: the traumagenic dynamics model and the information-motivation-behavioral skills model. This short review provides an overview of the problems and theoretical explanations that have been presented up to the present, underlining the importance of prevention and sex education as of childhood, as well as the need to continue investigating in order to develop specific theoretical models that help to understand and prevent CSA and its consequences

Hierarchical Cluster Analysis Based on Clinical and Neuropsychological Symptoms Reveals Distinct Subgroups in Fibromyalgia: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Cluster analysis; Fibromyalgia; Neuropsychological symptomsAnálisis de clústers; Fibromialgia; Síntomas neuropsicológicosAnàlisi de clústers; Fibromiàlgia; Símptomes neuropsicològicsFibromyalgia (FM) is a condition characterized by musculoskeletal pain and multiple comorbidities. Our study aimed to identify four clusters of FM patients according to their core clinical symptoms and neuropsychological comorbidities to identify possible therapeutic targets in the condition. We performed a population-based cohort study on 251 adult FM patients referred to primary care according to the 2010 ACR case criteria. Patients were aggregated in clusters by a K-medians hierarchical cluster analysis based on physical and emotional symptoms and neuropsychological variables. Four different clusters were identified in the FM population. Global cluster analysis reported a four-cluster profile (cluster 1: pain, fatigue, poorer sleep quality, stiffness, anxiety/depression and disability at work; cluster 2: injustice, catastrophizing, positive affect and negative affect; cluster 3: mindfulness and acceptance; and cluster 4: surrender). The second analysis on clinical symptoms revealed three distinct subgroups (cluster 1: fatigue, poorer sleep quality, stiffness and difficulties at work; cluster 2: pain; and cluster 3: anxiety and depression). The third analysis of neuropsychological variables provided two opposed subgroups (cluster 1: those with high scores in surrender, injustice, catastrophizing and negative affect, and cluster 2: those with high scores in acceptance, positive affect and mindfulness). These empirical results support models that assume an interaction between neurobiological, psychological and social factors beyond the classical biomedical model. A detailed assessment of such risk and protective factors is critical to differentiate FM subtypes, allowing for further identification of their specific needs and designing tailored personalized therapeutic interventions.This work was partially supported by the National Institute of Health “Carlos III” in Madrid, Spain through the grant (reference number: PI09/90301)

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment Study of Green Extraction Processes to Obtain Antioxidants from Rosemary Leaves

Trabajo presentado al 10th International Symposium on Supercritical Fluids celebrado en San Francisco (US) del 13 al 16 de mayo de 2012.Rosemary is one of the most appreciated natural sources for bioactive compounds with different activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial or anticarcinogenic. Antioxidant activity has been associated to some of its components, among them, phenolic diterpenes such as carnosic acid, carnosol and rosmarinic acid. A careful selection of the extraction process together with the optimization of the extraction conditions, are of high importance to obtain rosemary extracts with high bioactivity. Among the different extraction processes, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) have demonstrated to be the most selective and environmental friendly techniques. However, extracts obtained by these processes usually require a drying step (freeze or hot drying step) which is both energy and time consuming. In this work, a new process combining PHWE and powder formation on-line (water extraction and particle formation on-line process, WEPO®) has been developed to obtain dry antioxidant powder from rosemary leaves in one step. In this process, parameters related to the extraction efficiency and selectivity (water flow rate and temperature) as well as parameters involving spray stability and powder formation have been considered at the same time. The obtained extracts have been evaluated in terms of their antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. Finally, in order to assess the viability and environmental impact of the new process, a comparison with other green processes used for antioxidant extraction from rosemary leaves such as SFE and PHWE (both followed by a freeze drying step) has been performed in terms of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Moreover, a sensitivity analysis of the LCA has been carried out to study the different environmental impact between the processes whether they are employed in different countries.This work was supported by AGL2008-05108-C03-01 (Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia), CSD2007-00063 FUN-CFOOD (Programa CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010), and S-0505/AGR/000153 (Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid) projects. C.T. acknowledges the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS, 2006-1346); the Swedish Research Council (VR, 2006-4084); and the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF, 2005:0073/13, RMA08-0044). M.C-P. thanks MICINN for her “Juan de la Cierva” contract.Peer Reviewe

Natural spread of hypovirulence in Cryphonectria parasitica. A case study, Sergude - Minho – Portugal

El castaño (Castanea sativa) es una especie de gran importancia económica y social en la región del Norte de Portugal. Uno de los mayores obstáculos en el aumento de la producción de castaña está relacionada con la presencia de factores bióticos como la antigua y conocida enfermedad de la Tinta y más recientemente con el chancro que provoca elevada mortalidad en los castaños. No hay sustancias químicas capaces de bloquear el desarrollo del chancro del castaño y todos los medios de lucha cultural mostraron baja eficacia. La hipovirulencia es el medio de lucha biológica y la manera más ventajosa para parar la enfermedad en Europa. El método mostro una elevada capacidad de cura en los chancros y la recuperación completa de los castaños atacados. El mecanismo molecular de hipovirulencia está asociado a la presencia en el hongo parasítico del virus dsRNA denominado Hypovirus (CHV). En Sergude (Minho) en una parcela con todos los árboles atacados por C. parasitica se verifico en un periodo de 3 – 4 años la remisión natural de los chancros llevando a la recuperación de los árboles enfermos. Conocer los mecanismos implicados en la expresión de la hipovirulencia y los factores asociados a su dispersión natural fue el objeto de este trabajo. Se estudió la estructura poblacional de C. parasitica presente en la parcela así como la micoflora epifítica y endofítica asociada.Chestnut (Castanea sativa) is a species of great economic and social importance in the Northern region of Portugal. One of the biggest barriers to increased nut production is related to the presence of biotic factors such as the old and familiar Ink Disease and more recently the Chestnut Blight that is causing high mortality in chestnut. In the absence of chemical fungicides capable of stopping the development of the Chestnut Blight and considering the reduced effectiveness of other mitigation measures, hypovirulence is the most advantageous way to control the disease in Europe. The method showed high ability to heal the cankers and promote the complete recovery of chestnut. The molecular mechanism of hypovirulence is associated with the presence of dsRNA virus of the genus Hypovirus. In Sergude (Minho) in a chestnut grove with all trees attacked by C. parasitica in a period of 3-4 years occurred the natural remission of cankers leading to the recovery of diseased trees. Our objective was to understand the mechanisms involved in the expression of hypovirulence and factors associated with its natural dispersion . We studied the population structure of C. parasitica present in chestnut and associated epiphytic and endophytic mycoflor

Analysis Of Mismatch And Shading Effects In A Photovoltaic Array Using Different Technologies

In this paper, we analyze the performance of a photovoltaic array implemented in the Universidad Politécnica de Valencia which consists of modules of different technologies and power, connected in series, in order to quantify the energy losses due to mismatch and the effect of the shadows. To do this, the performance of the modules was measured in operation under ambient conditions with field measurement equipment (AMPROBE Solar Analyzer, Solar - 4000), which allows the extrapolation of measures to standard conditions STC. For the data validation, measures under controlled conditions were taken to some modules in the flash test laboratory of the Institute of Energy Technology ITE of Valencia in Spain. Subsequently the array curves measured were validated with a photovoltaic array model developed in MATLAB-Simulink for the same conditions and technologies. The results of this particular array are lost up to 20% of the energy supplied due to the modules mismatch. The study shows the curves and the energy loss due to shadows modules. This result opens scenarios for conceivable modifications to the PV field configurations today, chosen during the design stage and unchangeable during the operating stage; and gives greater importance to the energy loss by mismatch in the PV array

Lean healthcare: improving surgical process indicators through prioritization projects

Purpose: Implementing process management methodology through Lean Management and Design Thinking provides a new way to manage surgical blocks, maximize efficiency and adapt to the high variability of demand. This article presents our experience of implementing a set of improvement actions within the surgical process in the context of Lean Healthcare Processes. The project involved a total of 900 healthcare professionals over a 3-year period (2017-2019) and has impacted over 38,000 surgical patients each year at the Vall d’Hebron University Hospital in Barcelona, Spain. The purpose of this article is to present a set of improvement projects within the surgical process and show the indicators that monitor its evolution. These projects have been implemented successfully in a hospital with high surgical complexity and indicate how health care professionals and process engineers can work together as a team to improve healthcare resources. Design/methodology/approach: To evaluate the effectiveness of the actions presented, we propose a series of standardized indicators showing how our findings increase the efficiency of the surgical process. We also indicate Lean projects that can reduce patient waiting times and increase capacity. Below is a management model for the surgical process that considers industrial production criteria such as resource planning, optimizing the use of operating rooms and professionals’ time and generating the best surgery combinations. Findings: Projects that have increased efficiency in the surgical block the most have been standardized and converted into a model of action. This is designed to adapt to any level of complexity within the hospital process. The set of improvement projects has been divided into 6 stages: Programming, Material logistics process, pre-surgical stage, intra-surgical stage, post-surgical stage and transversal projects; each affecting a different area of the general hospital (not only the surgical unit). Furthermore, a visual flow chart was designed using the results of the project. Findings from the study have led to a 15% increase in surgical capacity without the need for new resources. The average hospital stay also dropped from 7.2 days to 4.1 days. The flow vision in the care process improves the experience of both patients and health care professionals, who see their participation as part of the whole health care process. Research limitations/implications: the projects were mainly developed at the Vall d’Hebron University Hospital. Although several of these projects have been carried out in other hospitals in Spain by the same team of process engineers, results may be biased when the team provides support within its own process department, compared to when it supports the local team in another hospital temporarily. Another important limitation is that it takes several months to implement and consolidate the improvement projects and demonstrate improved indicators in a sustainable way over time. This matrix of projects is more than a specific action, a cultural change with the entire surgical department. Originality/value: This study sets out a proposed practical example of applying surgery management tools in the surgical process. Our proposal can offer hospital managers and surgical coordinators an orderly, streamlined project guide for overall surgical performance indicators. The main results from developing the model include the degree of satisfaction shown by healthcare professionals and the determined commitment from the center’s management team to promote process management using Lean methodology. This commitment continued despite the challenges of shifting the organizational structure towards process management, which is a complex task requiring a period of adaptation and learning. Healthcare management has always prioritized increasing surgical patient safety and satisfaction. Patient flows are increased and resources used more efficiency by shifting the focus to the patient and the processes gone through during their hospital stay. This improvement project provides us with the best example of Lean methodology implementation if reinvested in bettering healthcare. This in turn increases the value perceived by patients, which is the ultimate purpose of the processPeer Reviewe