Reflexión en el prácticum: Un experimento de enseñanza con estudiantes colombianos

Resumen:La formación inicial del profesorado de matemáticas afronta el reto de orientar a los futuros profesores para que vean con sentido el conocimiento teórico, al enfrentar problemas prácticos del contexto profesional. Una forma de favorecer esta articulación teoría-práctica es mediante el ejercicio de hábitos de reflexión, especialmente en el prácticum. En este contexto llevamos a cabo un experimento de enseñanza en el curso de práctica docente (o prácticum) con 12 estudiantes de último año de Licenciatura en Matemáticas de la Universidad de los Llanos (Colombia). Dicho experimento es el estudio empírico de una investigación doctoral, uno de sus objetivos es promover la reflexión de futuros profesores de matemáticas sobre aspectos de su práctica profesional. Para ello, se describe de manera sistemática el experimento de enseñanza, atendiendo a las etapas de preparación y de experimentación de la instrucción que siguen el paradigma de la investigación de diseño. La revisión y el análisis secuencial de cada módulo durante la experimentación han permitido identificar algunas cualidades de la instrucción, en la que se promueve la realización de ciclos reflexivos. De igual modo, el experimento facilitó a los futuros profesores conocer fundamentos, aplicar procedimientos y aprovechar recursos que, fundamentados en la didáctica de la matemática, les permitieron diseñar, implementar y evaluar actividades de enseñanza y aprendizaje para su clase. Abstract:The preservice mathematics teacher’s training faces the complexity for future teachers that they see the theoretical knowledge related to practical problems facing their professional context. One way to promote this theoretical and practical articulation is by exercising habits of reflection, especially in the practicum. In this context, we conducted a teaching experiment in the course of teaching practice (or practicum) with 12 students last year of Degree in Mathematics of the Llanos University (Colombia). This experiment is the empirical study of a research, which has one objective to promote reflection in future math teachers. Systematically describe the teaching experiment, taking the stages of preparation and experimentation of instruction according to the paradigm of design research. Review and sequential analysis to module during experimentation has identified some qualities of instruction regarding the conduct of reflective cycles. Similarly, the experiment provided to future teachers know fundaments, implement procedures and leverage resources, based on the teaching of mathematics, allowed

Economic value of natural resource water wetland Coroncoro Villavicencio

El humedal el Coroncoro es un humedal urbano, con vegetaciones nativas al interior de lugares pantanosos con agua dulce aun reparable y tratable, para ser aptas al consumo. El estudio tuvo como objetivo la estimación, en términos monetarios del valor económico del agua del humedal, aplicando el método de valoración contingente (MVC), bajo la pregunta de disposición a pagar por un proyecto que propenda por el cuidado y tratamiento que mejoraría la calidad del agua del lugar mencionado. Durante 4 meses,  se encuestaron a 360 persona que visitaron el humedal. Se concluye que la disponibilidad a pagar (DAP) por las familias visitantes al humedal por la consecución del proyecto que permitiera el cuidado y tratamiento del  agua del humedal, es significante a un 85%, con entradas que registran hasta los $5000 pesos colombianos por persona. De esta manera el valor económico para la realización de este proyecto es altamente rentable.The wetland Coroncoro is an urban wetland with native vegetation into marshy places with fresh water even reparable and treatable, is safe for human consumption. This research aimed to estimate in monetary terms of the economic value of wetland water, applying the contingent valuation method (CVM), under the question of willingness to pay for a project that aims for care and treatment that will improve quality water of mentioned place. During 4 months, a survey of 360 people who visited the wetland was taken. It is concluded that the willingness to pay (WTP) for visiting families to wetland achieving the project that would allow the care and treatment of water from the wetland, is significant at 85$5000 Colombians pesos per person. Thus the economic value for the realization of this project is highly profitable

La potencialidad de la nube para el trabajo de campo en geografía: el Parque Nacional de la Sierra de Guadarrama

Depto. de Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales , Sociales y MatemáticasFac. de EducaciónFALSEsubmitte

Mutational spectrum of GNAL, THAP1 and TOR1A genes in isolated dystonia: study in a population from Spain and systematic literature review

[Objective] We aimed to investigate the prevalence of TOR1A, GNAL and THAP1 variants as the cause of dystonia in a cohort of Spanish patients with isolated dystonia and in the literature.[Methods] A population of 2028 subjects (including 1053 patients with different subtypes of isolated dystonia and 975 healthy controls) from southern and central Spain was included. The genes TOR1A, THAP1 and GNAL were screened using a combination of high-resolution melting analysis and direct DNA resequencing. In addition, an extensive literature search to identify original articles (published before 10 August 2020) reporting mutations in TOR1A, THAP1 or GNAL associated to dystonia was performed.[Results] Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in TOR1A, THAP1 and GNAL were identified in 0.48%, 0.57% and 0.29% of our patients, respectively. Five patients carried the variation p.Glu303del in TOR1A. A very rare variant in GNAL (p.Ser238Asn) was found as a putative risk factor for dystonia. In the literature, variations in TOR1A, THAP1 and GNAL accounted for about 6%, 1.8% and 1.1% of published dystonia patients, respectively.[Conclusions] There is a different genetic contribution to dystonia of these three genes in our patients (about 1.3% of patients) and in the literature (about 3.6% of patients), probably due the high proportion of adult-onset cases in our cohort. As regards age at onset, site of dystonia onset, and final distribution, in our population there is a clear differentiation between DYT-TOR1A and DYT-GNAL, with DYT-THAP1 likely to be an intermediate phenotype.This work was supported by the Carlos III Health Institute-European Regional Development Fund (ISCIII-FEDER) [PI14/01823, PI16/01575, PI18/01898, PI19/01576], the Andalusian Regional Ministry of Economics, Innovation, Science and Employment [CVI-02526, CTS-7685], the Andalusian Regional Ministry of Health and Welfare [PI-0741-2010, PI-0471-2013, PE-0210-2018, PI-0459-2018, PE-0186-2019], and the Alicia Koplowitz and Mutua Madrileña Foundations. Pilar Gómez-Garre was supported by the "Miguel Servet" program [MSII14/00018] (from ISCIII-FEDER) and “Nicolás Monardes” program [C-0048-2017] (from the Andalusian Regional Ministry of Health). Silvia Jesús was supported by the "Juan Rodés" program [B-0007-2019] and Daniel Macías-García by the “Río Hortega” program [CM18/00142] (both from ISCIII-FEDER). María Teresa Periñán was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education [FPU16/05061]. Cristina Tejera was supported by VPPI-US from the University of Seville.Peer reviewe

Intermediate Molecular Phenotypes to Identify Genetic Markers of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity Risk.

Cardiotoxicity due to anthracyclines (CDA) affects cancer patients, but we cannot predict who may suffer from this complication. CDA is a complex trait with a polygenic component that is mainly unidentified. We propose that levels of intermediate molecular phenotypes (IMPs) in the myocardium associated with histopathological damage could explain CDA susceptibility, so variants of genes encoding these IMPs could identify patients susceptible to this complication. Thus, a genetically heterogeneous cohort of mice (n = 165) generated by backcrossing were treated with doxorubicin and docetaxel. We quantified heart fibrosis using an Ariol slide scanner and intramyocardial levels of IMPs using multiplex bead arrays and QPCR. We identified quantitative trait loci linked to IMPs (ipQTLs) and cdaQTLs via linkage analysis. In three cancer patient cohorts, CDA was quantified using echocardiography or Cardiac Magnetic Resonance. CDA behaves as a complex trait in the mouse cohort. IMP levels in the myocardium were associated with CDA. ipQTLs integrated into genetic models with cdaQTLs account for more CDA phenotypic variation than that explained by cda-QTLs alone. Allelic forms of genes encoding IMPs associated with CDA in mice, including AKT1, MAPK14, MAPK8, STAT3, CAS3, and TP53, are genetic determinants of CDA in patients. Two genetic risk scores for pediatric patients (n = 71) and women with breast cancer (n = 420) were generated using machine-learning Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression. Thus, IMPs associated with heart damage identify genetic markers of CDA risk, thereby allowing more personalized patient management.J.P.L.’s lab is sponsored by Grant PID2020-118527RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011039; Grant PDC2021-121735-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011039 and by the “European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR”, the Regional Government of Castile and León (CSI144P20). J.P.L. and P.L.S. are supported by the Carlos III Health Institute (PIE14/00066). AGN laboratory and human patients’ studies are supported by an ISCIII project grant (PI18/01242). The Human Genotyping unit is a member of CeGen, PRB3, and is supported by grant PT17/0019 of the PE I + D + i 2013–2016, funded by ISCIII and ERDF. SCLl is supported by MINECO/FEDER research grants (RTI2018-094130-B-100). CH was supported by the Department of Defense (DoD) BCRP, No. BC190820; and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), No. R01CA184476. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) is a multi-program national laboratory operated by the University of California for the DOE under contract DE AC02-05CH11231. The Proteomics Unit belongs to ProteoRed, PRB3-ISCIII, supported by grant PT17/0019/0023 of the PE I + D +i, 2017–2020, funded by ISCIII and FEDER. RCC is funded by fellowships from the Spanish Regional Government of Castile and León. NGS is a recipient of an FPU fellowship (MINECO/FEDER). hiPSC-CM studies were funded in part by the “la Caixa” Banking Foundation under the project code HR18-00304 and a Severo Ochoa CNIC Intramural Project (Exp. 12-2016 IGP) to J.J.S

Regulatory sites for splicing in human basal ganglia are enriched for disease-relevant information

Genome-wide association studies have generated an increasing number of common genetic variants associated with neurological and psychiatric disease risk. An improved understanding of the genetic control of gene expression in human brain is vital considering this is the likely modus operandum for many causal variants. However, human brain sampling complexities limit the explanatory power of brain-related expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and allele-specific expression (ASE) signals. We address this, using paired genomic and transcriptomic data from putamen and substantia nigra from 117 human brains, interrogating regulation at different RNA processing stages and uncovering novel transcripts. We identify disease-relevant regulatory loci, find that splicing eQTLs are enriched for regulatory information of neuron-specific genes, that ASEs provide cell-specific regulatory information with evidence for cellular specificity, and that incomplete annotation of the brain transcriptome limits interpretation of risk loci for neuropsychiatric disease. This resource of regulatory data is accessible through our web server, http://braineacv2.inf.um.es/

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Reflexión de futuros profesores durante las prácticas de enseñanza

Esta memoria presenta resultados de la investigación enmarcada en el campo de la formación del profesorado de Matemáticas, en particular en la línea del desarrollo profesional del profesor de matemáticas. En esta investigación nos interesamos en la reflexión y la actuación del futuro profesor de matemáticas (en adelante FPM) cuando transita de la formación universitaria al escenario de la práctica docente; es decir, se pretende atender a la iniciación en su desarrollo profesional. Partimos de la revisión internacional de investigaciones que demuestran preocupación por las prácticas de enseñanza en la formación inicial de los profesores de matemáticas (Empson y Jacobs, 2008). La principal preocupación de los estudios se orienta a la relación entre teoría y práctica (Kieran, Krainer y Shaughnessy, 2013). La articulación de la teoría en la práctica docente, durante años, ha sido objeto de diversos estudios cualitativos en la formación de profesores de matemáticas; en particular, otorgando relevancia a la reflexión para examinar cómo se produce sobre la práctica (Jaworski, 2006); (Korthagen et al., 2001); (Álsina, 2010). A esta preocupación se suman a nivel internacional organizaciones y proyectos, que, en sus informes en relación con la calidad de la educación, concluyen sobre la pertinencia de vincular los diversos tipos de conocimiento en las prácticas docentes de los profesores de matemáticas (OEI, 2010). Estos informes hacen énfasis en el conocimiento de los docentes para enseñar, y en su responsabilidad para incorporar y significar dicho conocimiento durante su práctica profesional (UNESCO, 2012; 2014). Ya los estudios sobre la forma en que el profesor adquiere conocimiento profesional (Wilson, Shulman y Richert, 1987), otorgan relevancia a los procesos de razonamiento del profesor, los que nos permiten vincularlos con la acción reflexiva del profesor. La consideración del profesor como un profesional práctico (Schön, 1992) nos sugiere que la promoción de la reflexión de forma genuina puede impactar en la práctica profesional de los profesores. Entonces se trata de favorecer que los futuros profesores de matemáticas se inicien en su desarrollo profesional que les permita afrontar diversas situaciones que enfrenta un profesor (Grossman et al., 2009) y favorecer procesos reflexivos para que en el futuro pueda comprender y abordar las situaciones problemáticas que aparecerán en la práctica profesional.Tesis Univ. Granada. Programa Oficial de Doctorado en: Ciencias de la EduaciónUniversidad de los Llanos (Colombia, 2012), en el marco del Programa de Calificación y Formación de Recursos Humanos de Alto Nivel a través del Ministerio de Educación de la Pública del Colombia (MEN, 2012).Instituto de Investigaciones de la Orinoquia Colombiana (Grupo-Ghema: 2013)