La gestión de tecnologías emergentes en el ámbito universitario

El carácter emergente de algunas tecnologías hace que tengan un alto grado de incertidumbre, lo que a su vez conlleva particularidades en su manejo respecto a las tecnologías maduras. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la gestión de tecnologías emergentes en el contexto internacional, con énfasis en el ámbito universitario; para ello, se aplican técnicas cienciométricas a información obtenida de bases de datos de artículos científicos y técnicos. Así mismo, se examina el papel de las universidades, para lo cual se hace un análisis comparativo de algunos casos de reconocido impacto en el nivel mundial. Entre los resultados obtenidos está la identificación de áreas relevantes como la nanotecnología y la telefonía móvil, y la caracterización del manejo de las tecnologías emergentes en las universidades seleccionadas. Esto da la base para plantear algunas conclusiones y consideraciones, como la necesidad de que las universidades colombianas lideren el desarrollo tecnológico en el país promoviendo su impacto en el sector productivo, para lo cual requieren consolidar estructuras y políticas claras en el tema, así como una cultura en propiedad intelectual.Some technologies considered emerging, have high uncertainly and particularities in their management respect to mature technologies. The aim of this paper is to analyze the management of emerging technologies, focused on the university context. For this purpose, scientometric techniques are applied to information from databases of technical papers. The role of universities is studied through a comparative analysis of some internationally recognized cases. As a result, relevant areas were identified, as nanotechnology and mobile communications, and management of emerging technologies in selected cases was characterized. These results are the base to formulate some conclusions and proposals for Colombian universities: They must lead technological development in the country through their impact on the industrial sectors, but these institutions need structures and clear policies, as well as an Intellectual Property culture

Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover

Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale

Technological valuation Management in plastic packaging companies in Bogotá, Colombia

Technology Valuation is an ongoing topic, related to the estimation of a technological asset value usually within the framework of Technology Transfer activities. Its research and application occur mainly in industrialized countries; the most documented experiences come from these countries, meanwhile the contrary occurs in developing countries. The objective of this paper is to analyze the Management of Technology Valuation in several companies located at Bogotá (Colombia) and to identify challenges in this topic for these organizations. For this purpose, some companies from Bogotá city were studied, using benchmarking techniques. The results show the poor management and application of this valuation in the consulted companies, which agrees with the literature regarding the technological valuation in this context. Therefore, the challenges in the Management of Technology Valuation for the analyzed companies are oriented to the appropriation of valuation concepts and methods, as well as the strengthening and measurement of technological capabilities

Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover

Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale

Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover

Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale