Aujourd'hui le Moyen Age, archéologie et vie quotidienne en France Méridionale

[catalogue d'exposition], 1981-1983, Sénanque, Marseille, Arles, Toulon, Perpignan, Montpellier, Nice, GapInternational audienceCe catalogue d’exposition itinérante, fait la synthèse des principaux travaux du Laboratoire d’Archéologie Médiévale Méditerranéenne d’Aix-en-Provence (URA 6 du CRA CNRS) en 1981 réunis par l’équipe de Gabrielle Démians d’Archimbaud. L’habitat, les gestes de la vie quotidienne, le commerce et l’artisanat sont illustrés par les fouilles effectuées dans le Midi de la France, par de nombreux objets, en céramique, verre, pierre, os et métal ainsi que par les sources écrites, et les analyses de laboratoire, innovantes à cette époque

Loups, chiens et sociétés du Paléolithique supérieur

Le processus de domestication du loup vraisemblablement initié au cours du Paléolithique supérieur, pose aujourd’hui encore de nombreuses questions en termes notamment d’ancienneté du phénomène et de sa diffusion au sein des différents groupes de chasseurs-cueilleurs se succédant au cours de cette période. Pour tenter d’apporter de nouveaux éléments de discussion, de nouvelles analyses pluridisciplinaires ont récemment été entreprises sur la Grotte Maldidier, l’Abri Pataud, l’Abri du Morin, l’Abri Mège, Rochereil, la Grotte-Abri du Moulin à Troubat et le Pont d’Ambon. Ce travail, à visée diachronique, permet de lancer une discussion concernant le statut sauvage ou domestique des grands Canidés dans ces contextes et plus généralement dans les séries du Paléolithique supérieur du Sud-Ouest de la France. Pour cette analyse, nous avons notamment croisé biométrie et archéozoologie. Les données biométriques obtenues à partir des restes de Canidés participent à la diagnose taxinomique. Les études archéozoologique et taphonomique de l’ensemble des vestiges fauniques associés à ces restes permettent quant à elle de documenter la prédation humaine et animale. L’ensemble de ces données nous permet donc de contextualiser la mise en place de cette innovation zootechnique majeure qu’est la domestication ; et plus globalement, de questionner l’évolution des relations Hommes-Canidés à travers les différents techno-complexes du Paléolithique supérieur

Elimination of reference mapping bias reveals robust immune related allele-specific expression in cross-bred sheep

Pervasive allelic variation at both gene and single nucleotide level (SNV) between individuals is commonly associated with complex traits in humans and animals. Allele-specific expression (ASE) analysis, using RNA-Seq, can provide a detailed annotation of allelic imbalance and infer the existence of cis-acting transcriptional regulation. However, variant detection in RNA-Seq data is compromised by biased mapping of reads to the reference DNA sequence. In this manuscript, we describe an unbiased standardized computational pipeline for allele-specific expression analysis using RNA-Seq data, which we have adapted and developed using tools available under open license. The analysis pipeline we present is designed to minimize reference bias while providing accurate profiling of allele-specific expression across tissues and cell types. Using this methodology, we were able to profile pervasive allelic imbalance across tissues and cell types, at both the gene and SNV level, in Texel×Scottish Blackface sheep, using the sheep gene expression atlas data set. ASE profiles were pervasive in each sheep and across all tissue types investigated. However, ASE profiles shared across tissues were limited, and instead, they tended to be highly tissue-specific. These tissue-specific ASE profiles may underlie the expression of economically important traits and could be utilized as weighted SNVs, for example, to improve the accuracy of genomic selection in breeding programs for sheep. An additional benefit of the pipeline is that it does not require parental genotypes and can therefore be applied to other RNA-Seq data sets for livestock, including those available on the Functional Annotation of Animal Genomes (FAANG) data portal. This study is the first global characterization of moderate to extreme ASE in tissues and cell types from sheep. We have applied a robust methodology for ASE profiling to provide both a novel analysis of the multi-dimensional sheep gene expression atlas data set and a foundation for identifying the regulatory and expressed elements of the genome that are driving complex traits in livestock

Anciennes mines métalliques dans la partie Nord du désert oriental d’Égypte

Castel Georges, Pouit Georges. Anciennes mines métalliques dans la partie Nord du désert oriental d’Égypte. In: Archéo-Nil. Revue de la société pour l'étude des cultures prépharaoniques de la vallée du Nil, n°7, 1997. Sources et acquisition des matières premières. pp. 101-112

Le mammisi de Nectanébo à Dendara

Cette étude sur le mammisi de Nectanébo à Dendara reconsidère la disposition initiale des propylées et de leur couverture, proposée par F. Daumas en 1950 (BIFAO 50) : elle montre, en effet, que les colonnes palmiformes étaient surmontées d’un dieu Bès, et supportaient une couverture en pierre.This study on the mammisi of Nectanebo in Dendara reconsiders the initial arrangement of its propylates and their coverage, as proposed by F. Daumas in 1950 (BIFAO 50): it proves that the palmiform columns were surmounted by a Bes god, and supported a stone cover

Périodes d’occupation des cimetières secondaires du mastaba de Khentika à Balat (oasis de Dakhla)

G. Castel studies the development of secondary cemeteries installed around the mastaba of governor Khentika at Balat (oasis of Dakhla). The entourage and the servants of the governor in charge of his cult were buried in some sixty tombs, mostly individual. These tombs could be dated to between Pepy II and the beginning of the Middle Kingdom, when the cult of Khentika ceased.G. Castel étudie l’évolution des cimetières secondaires installés aux alentours du mastaba du gouverneur Khentika à Balat (oasis de Dakhla). Dans une soixantaine de tombes, généralement individuelles, étaient enterrés l’entourage du gouverneur et le personnel de service chargé de son culte. Ces tombes ont pu être datées entre Pépy II et le début du Moyen Empire, quand cesse d’être assuré le culte de Khentika.Castel Georges. Périodes d’occupation des cimetières secondaires du mastaba de Khentika à Balat (oasis de Dakhla). In: Des Néferkarê aux Montouhotep. Travaux archéologiques en cours sur la fin de la VIe dynastie et la Première Période Intermédiaire. Actes du colloque CNRS – université Lumière Lyon 2, tenu le 5-7 juillet 2001. Lyon : Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée Jean Pouilloux, 2005. pp. 73-105. (Travaux de la Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, 40

Périodes d’occupation des cimetières secondaires du mastaba de Khentika à Balat (oasis de Dakhla)

G. Castel studies the development of secondary cemeteries installed around the mastaba of governor Khentika at Balat (oasis of Dakhla). The entourage and the servants of the governor in charge of his cult were buried in some sixty tombs, mostly individual. These tombs could be dated to between Pepy II and the beginning of the Middle Kingdom, when the cult of Khentika ceased.G. Castel étudie l’évolution des cimetières secondaires installés aux alentours du mastaba du gouverneur Khentika à Balat (oasis de Dakhla). Dans une soixantaine de tombes, généralement individuelles, étaient enterrés l’entourage du gouverneur et le personnel de service chargé de son culte. Ces tombes ont pu être datées entre Pépy II et le début du Moyen Empire, quand cesse d’être assuré le culte de Khentika.Castel Georges. Périodes d’occupation des cimetières secondaires du mastaba de Khentika à Balat (oasis de Dakhla). In: Des Néferkarê aux Montouhotep. Travaux archéologiques en cours sur la fin de la VIe dynastie et la Première Période Intermédiaire. Actes du colloque CNRS – université Lumière Lyon 2, tenu le 5-7 juillet 2001. Lyon : Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée Jean Pouilloux, 2005. pp. 73-105. (Travaux de la Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, 40

Third Millennium BC Cities in the arid zone of inner Syria: Settlement Landscape, Material Culture and Interregional Interactions

International audienceThe recent discovery and excavations of the mid/late third millennium BC cities of Tell Al-Rawda and Tell Shʻaīrat, and the surveys conducted around unexpectedly highlighted the arid zone of inner Syria, to the north of Palmyra (in the so called “Shamiyeh region”).In this article, the co-authors, who are also respectively co-directors of the two archaeological Expeditions, show that Tell Al-Rawda and Tell Shʻaīrat have a common regular and geometric urban fabric which indicate the cities are pre-planned “new cities”. This reveals the discovery of an urban model, also recognized in northern Syria and largely diffused in the steppe land. Both sites appear as key-sites to understand the dynamic of the urbanization of Syria. They certainly illustrate indeed the birth of a precocious territorial state, possibly connected to the “Very Long Wall” , onto the desert margins of Syria in a context of territorial conquest. This event took place around 2500 BC, before the construction of Palace G of Ebla. They also offer a comparison between different items of the material culture of the two sites

Figurines féminines de Gebel el-Zeit (Égypte)

International audienceIn the mountain massif of Gebel el-Zeit, on the Red Sea cost, 50 km to the south of Ras Gharib, are two mining sites. There, the galena was exploited from the Thinite Period to the end of the New Kingdom. One of the two sites includes a sanctuary which was intermittently used by mining expeditions between the reigns of Amenemhat III and Ramesses II.Originally, the sanctuary used abandoned mine galleries, then has developed on a rock-cut terrace. Thus, the late state of the sanctuary is a dry-stone circular construction, leaning on a terrace. Material recovery from older sanctuaries and material of the last occupation were stocked in this sanctuary : on the one hand, permanent and cultual objects (divine statues, royal stelae) ; on the other hand, votive objects, the most representative type of which is a terracotta female figurine, wrapped in cloth and adorned with beads and scarabs.A dozen of them carry newborn children. The material associated to the figurines constitute a consistent group of offerings : beads and amulets, shells, Tell el-Yahudiya-type perfume vessel, miniature combs, small palm-leaflet baskets. More, the site has delivered some stone or wooden female figurines.The figurines and the associated material were deposited inside a sanctuary including the names of Min, Horus, Ptah and Hathor « lady of galena », the latter being the major goddess. This paper presents the main aspects of those female figurines in the context of the sanctuary where they were deposited

Third Millennium BC Cities in the arid zone of inner Syria: Settlement Landscape, Material Culture and Interregional Interactions

International audienceThe recent discovery and excavations of the mid/late third millennium BC cities of Tell Al-Rawda and Tell Shʻaīrat, and the surveys conducted around unexpectedly highlighted the arid zone of inner Syria, to the north of Palmyra (in the so called “Shamiyeh region”).In this article, the co-authors, who are also respectively co-directors of the two archaeological Expeditions, show that Tell Al-Rawda and Tell Shʻaīrat have a common regular and geometric urban fabric which indicate the cities are pre-planned “new cities”. This reveals the discovery of an urban model, also recognized in northern Syria and largely diffused in the steppe land. Both sites appear as key-sites to understand the dynamic of the urbanization of Syria. They certainly illustrate indeed the birth of a precocious territorial state, possibly connected to the “Very Long Wall” , onto the desert margins of Syria in a context of territorial conquest. This event took place around 2500 BC, before the construction of Palace G of Ebla. They also offer a comparison between different items of the material culture of the two sites