Quienes son las principales figuras de referencia de los niños y niñas de educación primaria enfocado en el género

Este trabajo presenta un estudio cualitativo en el que se analizarán las diferentes figuras de referencia masculina, femenina y docente del alumnado de Educación Primaria de un colegio público de San Jerónimo, Sevilla. La finalidad era observar y analizar los motivos por los que el alumnado les escoge, ya sea por apego, su relación o el género, además de ver la evolución de los cursos más pequeños de Primaria a los del último ciclo. El cuestionario se pasó en 2 clases, en 2º y 6º de primaria, a una cantidad de 20 alumnos y alumnas, a través de los cuales se ha podido obtener un total de 8 categorías para su análisis: cuidados básicos, afectividad, idolatría, estudios, relación del niño/a con la persona, proyección hacia el futuro, personajes de ficción/famosos y cualidades. A pesar de la pequeña muestra recogida, se han obtenido diversidad de conclusiones y se ha tratado de hacer una comparativa tanto entre cursos como entre géneros de las figuras de referencia.This project reports a qualitative study in which the different male, female, and teacher reference figures of Primary Education students at a public school in San Jerónimo, Sevilla, will be analyzed. The purpose is to observe and analyze the reasons why the students choose them, either by attachment, their relationship or gender, in addition to seeing the evolution of the smallest Primary grades to those of the last grade. The questionnaire was filled out in 2 classes, in 2nd and 6th grade, to a number of 20 students, through which it has been possible to obtain a total of 8 categories: basic care, affectivity, idolatry, studies, relationships of the child with the person, projection towards the future, fictional characters/celebrities and qualities. Despite the small sample collected, a diversity of conclusions have been obtained and an attempt has been made to make a comparison both between courses and between genders of the references figures.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Educación Primari

Ovarian damage from chemotherapy and current approaches to its protection

BACKGROUND: Anti-cancer therapy is often a cause of premature ovarian insufficiency and infertility since the ovarian follicle reserve is extremely sensitive to the effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. While oocyte, embryo and ovarian cortex cryopreservation can help some women with cancer-induced infertility achieve pregnancy, the development of effective methods to protect ovarian function during chemotherapy would be a significant advantage.OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE: This paper critically discusses the different damaging effects of the most common chemotherapeutic compounds on the ovary, in particular, the ovarian follicles and the molecular pathways that lead to that damage. The mechanisms through which fertility-protective agents might prevent chemotherapy drug-induced follicle loss are then reviewed.SEARCH METHODS: Articles published in English were searched on PubMed up to March 2019 using the following terms: ovary, fertility preservation, chemotherapy, follicle death, adjuvant therapy, cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, doxorubicin. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to the analysis of the protective agents.OUTCOMES: Recent studies reveal how chemotherapeutic drugs can affect the different cellular components of the ovary, causing rapid depletion of the ovarian follicular reserve. The three most commonly used drugs, cyclophosphamide, cisplatin and doxorubicin, cause premature ovarian insufficiency by inducing death and/or accelerated activation of primordial follicles and increased atresia of growing follicles. They also cause an increase in damage to blood vessels and the stromal compartment and increment inflammation. In the past 20 years, many compounds have been investigated as potential protective agents to counteract these adverse effects. The interactions of recently described fertility-protective agents with these damage pathways are discussed.WIDER IMPLICATIONS: Understanding the mechanisms underlying the action of chemotherapy compounds on the various components of the ovary is essential for the development of efficient and targeted pharmacological therapies that could protect and prolong female fertility. While there are increasing preclinical investigations of potential fertility preserving adjuvants, there remains a lack of approaches that are being developed and tested clinically

Evolution of the use of corticosteroids for the treatment of hospitalised COVID-19 patients in Spain between March and November 2020: SEMI-COVID national registry

Objectives: Since the results of the RECOVERY trial, WHO recommendations about the use of corticosteroids (CTs) in COVID-19 have changed. The aim of the study is to analyse the evolutive use of CTs in Spain during the pandemic to assess the potential influence of new recommendations. Material and methods: A retrospective, descriptive, and observational study was conducted on adults hospitalised due to COVID-19 in Spain who were included in the SEMI-COVID- 19 Registry from March to November 2020. Results: CTs were used in 6053 (36.21%) of the included patients. The patients were older (mean (SD)) (69.6 (14.6) vs. 66.0 (16.8) years; p < 0.001), with hypertension (57.0% vs. 47.7%; p < 0.001), obesity (26.4% vs. 19.3%; p < 0.0001), and multimorbidity prevalence (20.6% vs. 16.1%; p < 0.001). These patients had higher values (mean (95% CI)) of C-reactive protein (CRP) (86 (32.7-160) vs. 49.3 (16-109) mg/dL; p < 0.001), ferritin (791 (393-1534) vs. 470 (236- 996) µg/dL; p < 0.001), D dimer (750 (430-1400) vs. 617 (345-1180) µg/dL; p < 0.001), and lower Sp02/Fi02 (266 (91.1) vs. 301 (101); p < 0.001). Since June 2020, there was an increment in the use of CTs (March vs. September; p < 0.001). Overall, 20% did not receive steroids, and 40% received less than 200 mg accumulated prednisone equivalent dose (APED). Severe patients are treated with higher doses. The mortality benefit was observed in patients with oxygen saturation </=90%. Conclusions: Patients with greater comorbidity, severity, and inflammatory markers were those treated with CTs. In severe patients, there is a trend towards the use of higher doses. The mortality benefit was observed in patients with oxygen saturation </=90%

First Approach to the Pollen Preserved in a Megalithic Monument of the Western Cantabrian Mountains: The Passage Tomb of the Cobertoria (3500 bc), in Salas, Asturias

El presente trabajo es parte de la información obtenida entre 2016 y 2019 en las excavaciones del dolmen de corredor de la Cobertoria: especialmente, en la última de las fases constructivas del megalito, datada por radiocarbono a mediados del cuarto milenio antes de Cristo. La clara ventaja de la arquitectura del corredor es que conformó una cápsula que captó información medioambiental del entorno; todo ello a pesar de su apertura a buen seguro esporádica durante las acciones funerarias. Un cribado inicial de muestras de los sedimentos por parte de los botánicos permitió recuperar allí polen prehistórico, que fue contextualizado arqueológicamente a partir de una secuencia bien aquilatada en sus principales fases. Gracias a ello sabemos de la existencia no solo de posibles cultivos en el entorno, como gramíneas o leguminosas, sino también de hongos que afectaron a distintos cereales. El polen también permitió identificar una serie de árboles que acabaron recalando en el acceso dolménico, junto a especies habituales en la recuperación de suelos tras incendios, como los helechos. Por último, también aparecieron arbustos habitualmente empleados como combustible en la lucha de las comunidades prehistóricas contra el bosque.This paper is part of the information gathered during the excavations carried out in the dolmen of the Cobertoria, between 2016 and 2019. The text is focused on the last building phase of the megalith, dated by radiocarbon in the middle of the fourth millennium bc. The architecture of the passage tomb created a capsule that collected plenty of information about the environment nearby the dolmen. All this despite its occasional openings, during the burial rites. The sieving of the samples allow us to recover an interesting group of prehistoric pollen, archaeologically contextualized thanks to a well-defined sequence. From these data the possible presence of crops, gramineous and leguminous plants, can be assured, as well as the proximity of some fungi that affects to cereals. Five different types of pollen tree were recovered in the access too. Other species very common during the recovery of the soils after fires, like the ferns, appeared in the results. Finally, other shrubs, very linked with fires due to their properties as fuel, appeared inside the dolmen