Experiències d'aula amb el treball amb controvèrsies sòcio-científiques. Educació per al desenvolupament i la salut, pseudociències i eines per a l'avaluació d'activitats

Les controvèrsies sòcio-científiques (o CSC) i la Recerca i Innovació Responsables són contexts candidats per a ubicar l’ensenyament de les ciències en conflictes rellevants. Es presenten diverses activitats d’aula al voltant de les pseudociències, l’educació pel desenvolupament i l’educació per a la salut, i es proposen eines i bastides didàctiques per acompanyar el treball a l’aula amb CSC.Socio-Scientific Issues (SSI) and Responsible Research and Innovation are candidate contexts for Science Education in relevant conflicts. We present several classroom activities on pseudo-sciences and education for Development and Health and we propose tools and didactic scaffolds to guide students’ work in the classroom when using CS

Synthesis and NMR structure determination of new linear geranylphenols by direct geranylation of activated phenols.

Indexación: Web of Science; ScieloThe known geranylhydroquinone 2, geranylorcinol 4 and the derivative (E)-4-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl)-5-methylbenzene-1,3-diol 5, were prepared by Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS) reactions between the corresponding phenol derivatives containing electron-donor subtituents and geraniol using BF3XOEt2 as a catalyst. In addition, spectroscopic NMR information for 4 and 5 is complemented. Furthermore, the new (E)-2-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl) benzene-1,3,5-triol (geranylphloroglucinol) 13, (E)-2-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl)-1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene 14, (E)-2-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl)-6-methoxyphenol 15, (E)-3-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl)-2-methoxyphenol 16, (E)-5-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl)-2-methoxyphenol 17, (E)-4-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl)benzene-1,3-diol 18, (E)-3-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl)benzene-1,2-diol 19, (E)-4-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl)-5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol 20, (E)-2-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl)-4-isopropyl-3-methylphenol 21, (E)-2-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl)-4-isopropyl-5-methylphenol 22, and(E)-2-tert-butyl-4-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl)-5-methylphenol 23 were also prepared with this synthesis strategy. All the synthesized compounds were fully characterized and their structures were established by IR, MS and mainly NMR spectroscopic dates.http://ref.scielo.org/3cj5t

The future of direct cardiac reprogramming: any GMT cocktail variety?

Direct cardiac reprogramming has emerged as a novel therapeutic approach to treat and regenerate injured hearts through the direct conversion of fibroblasts into cardiac cells. Most studies have focused on the reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs). The first study in which this technology was described, showed that at least a combination of three transcription factors, GATA4, MEF2C and TBX5 (GMT cocktail), was required for the reprogramming into iCMs in vitro using mouse cells. However, this was later demonstrated to be insufficient for the reprogramming of human cells and additional factors were required. Thereafter, most studies have focused on implementing reprogramming efficiency and obtaining fully reprogrammed and functional iCMs, by the incorporation of other transcription factors, microRNAs or small molecules to the original GMT cocktail. In this respect, great advances have been made in recent years. However, there is still no consensus on which of these GMT-based varieties is best, and robust and highly reproducible protocols are still urgently required, especially in the case of human cells. On the other hand, apart from CMs, other cells such as endothelial and smooth muscle cells to form new blood vessels will be fundamental for the correct reconstruction of damaged cardiac tissue. With this aim, several studies have centered on the direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced cardiac progenitor cells (iCPCs) able to give rise to all myocardial cell lineages. Especially interesting are reports in which multipotent and highly expandable mouse iCPCs have been obtained, suggesting that clinically relevant amounts of these cells could be created. However, as of yet, this has not been achieved with human iCPCs, and exactly what stage of maturity is appropriate for a cell therapy product remains an open question. Nonetheless, the major concern in regenerative medicine is the poor retention, survival, and engraftment of transplanted cells in the cardiac tissue. To circumvent this issue, several cell pre-conditioning approaches are currently being explored. As an alternative to cell injection, in vivo reprogramming may face fewer barriers for its translation to the clinic. This approach has achieved better results in terms of efficiency and iCMs maturity in mouse models, indicating that the heart environment can favor this process. In this context, in recent years some studies have focused on the development of safer delivery systems such as Sendai virus, Adenovirus, chemical cocktails or nanoparticles. This article provides an in-depth review of the in vitro and in vivo cardiac reprograming technology used in mouse and human cells to obtain iCMs and iCPCs, and discusses what challenges still lie ahead and what hurdles are to be overcome before results from this field can be transferred to the clinical settings

Generation of two transgene-free human iPSC lines from CD133+ cord blood cells

We have generated two human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from CD133+ cells isolated from umbilical cord blood (CB) of a female child using non-integrative Sendai virus. Here we describe the complete characterization of these iPSC lines: PRYDi-CB5 and PRYDi-CB40

Resonancia magnética en el proceso de elaboración del vino

Tesis (Tecnólogo Médico, mención en Imagenología y Física Médica)La resonancia magnética (RM) es una técnica imagenológica basada en el comportamiento que tienen diferentes tejidos frente a la acción de un campo magnético (Bo), por medio del cual los protones de hidrógeno presentes en los tejidos biológicos giran a una determinada frecuencia (precesión) y consecuentemente logran absorber y liberar energía ante el estímulo de una onda de radiofrecuencia (RF). La energía liberada por los protones corresponde a la señal emitida desde la muestra. A través de la RM se puede realizar un análisis metabólico detallado de un objeto en estudio, esto es posible gracias a la espectroscopia por resonancia magnética (ERM), la cual entrega como resultado final un espectro químico esquematizado de los metabolitos presentes en la muestra en función de su grado de apantallamiento (variabilidad del Bo sobre la muestra debido a la acción de los electrones orbitales presentes en ella). En función de lo anterior, la frecuencia de precesión varía para los diferentes protones y con ello también modifica laenergía absorbida y la cantidad de señal que éstos emiten. La espectroscopia cuantifica la abundancia de los metabolitos según su concentración relativa en partículas por millón (ppm), es decir, la cantidad de unidades de un determinado agente que existen por cada millón de unidades del conjunto. Chile es el octavo productor mundial de vino en el mundo, con una producción equivalente a 10 millones de hectolitros al año. Según cifras de la OIV (Organización Internacional de la Uva y la Viña), el año 2014 Chile cayó dos puestos en el ranking mundial de producción. Por este motivo es una necesidad para la industria chilena utilizar nuevas y novedosas técnicas, que logren agilizar los controles de calidad en el proceso de vinificación, ya que éstos en la práctica solo se realizan una vez terminado el vino y no durante su elaboración. Dentro del área de la imagenología existe la posibilidad de realizar estudios metabólicos por resonancia magnética para estudiar en profundidad el proceso de elaboración del vino específicamente durante su fermentación alcohólica (paso de glucosa a etanol)

Experiències d'aula amb el treball amb controvèrsies sòcio-científiques : educació per al desenvolupament i la salut, pseudociències i eines per a l'avaluació d'activitats

Les controvèrsies sòcio-científiques (o CSC) i la Recerca i Innovació Responsables són contexts candidats per a ubicar l'ensenyament de les ciències en conflictes rellevants. Es presenten diverses activitats d'aula al voltant de les pseudociències, l'educació pel desenvolupament i l'educació per a la salut, i es proposen eines i bastides didàctiques per acompanyar el treball a l'aula amb CSC.Socio-Scientific Issues (SSI) and Responsible Research and Innovation are candidate contexts for Science Education in relevant conflicts. We present several classroom activities on pseudo-sciences and education for Development and Health and we propose tools and didactic scaffolds to guide students' work in the classroom when using CS

Predicción de consumo energético y su relación con la medida de conductividad térmica de materiales aislantes

Temperature measurements and energy consumption analysis were carried out in an enclosure of the Regional Center of Azuero of the Technological University of Panama during the period of one (1) year, to analyze the effect produced by using materials with potential to thermally insulate in energy consumption. Two commercial materials were considered for this study: expanded polystyrene and gypsum with aluminum foil. For the thermal conductivity measurement, a prototype of thermal conductivity measurement was used, based on the ASTM-C177 standard and the Fourier law of conductive heat transfer. The thermal conductivity measurement was also performed on three materials based on natural fibers and cassava starch: rice straw, cane bagasse and coconut bast. With the data of temperature, energy consumption and thermal conductivity obtained, a relationship is presented that allows predicting the potential for insulation and consumption of new materials, considering first those materials that are considered agroindustrial wastes, with the aim of giving This waste an added value.Mediciones de temperatura y de análisis de consumo de energía fueron realizados en un recinto del Centro Regional de Azuero de la Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá durante el periodo de un (1) año, para analizar el efecto que produce el utilizar materiales con potencial para aislar térmicamente en el consumo energético. Para este estudio se contemplaron dos materiales comerciales: poliestireno expandido y el gypsum con lámina de aluminio. Para la medida de conductividad térmica se utilizó se un prototipo de medición de conductividad térmica, basado en la norma ASTM-C177 y en la ley de Fourier de transferencia de calor por conducción. La medida de conductividad térmica se realizó también en tres materiales a base de fibras naturales y almidón de yuca: paja de arroz, bagazo de caña y estopa de coco. Con los datos de temperatura, consumo energético y de conductividad térmica obtenidos, se presenta una relación que permite predecir el potencial de aislamiento y consumo de nuevos materiales, considerando en primer lugar a aquellos materiales que se consideran desechos agroindustriales, con el objetivo de darle a estos desechos un valor agregado

Generation of two transgene-free human iPSC lines from CD133+ cord blood cells

We have generated two human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from CD133+ cells isolated from umbilical cord blood (CB) of a female child using non-integrative Sendai virus. Here we describe the complete characterization of these iPSC lines: PRYDi-CB5 and PRYDi-CB40

Chaetognatha, Thaliacea, Euphausiacea and Pelagic Polychaeta in the Colombian Pacific Ocean During Two Periods in 1996 (La Niña) and Two Periods in 1997 (El Niño)

The distribution and abundance of four zooplanktonic groups were evaluated over the periods June and October 1996 (La Niña: LN) and May and December 1997 (El Niño: EN). Their order of abundance was: chaetognaths, thaliaceans, euphausids and planktonic polychaetes. The most important genera were: Sagitta (Chaetognatha), Thalia and Weelia (Thaliacea), Euphausia (Euphasiacea), and Maupasia. coeca, M. isochaeta, Plotohelmis capitata, and Vanadis crystallina (Polychaeta). Within chaetognaths, Eukrohnia is the first report for the Colombian Pacific. The spatial distribution of the four groups most likely was associated with hydrological dynamics, especially in areas where fertilization processes took place. LN 1996 offered better conditions for the development of all groups especially in October. Their marked diminish in 1997 is explained by the increase of temperature caused by EN

Personas cuidadoras informales : como enfrentan la labor de cuidado de personas mayores en situación de dependencia. Sobre el grupo socio terapéutico de la parroquia Santa Cruz, Estación Central

116 hojas (incluye anexos); gráficos, figuras y tablas.Comprender de qué manera los cuidadores informales del grupo socio terapéutico de la parroquia Santa Cruz de la comunidad de Los Nogales, en la comuna de Estación Central, afrontan la labor de cuidado de personas mayores en situación de dependencia. Al analizar los datos reunidos, se reconocen diferentes formas de afrontar la labor de cuidado, como también las consecuencias que conlleva esta responsabilidad hacia las personas cuidadoras informales.Trabajo de título (Asistente Social, grado de Licenciado en Trabajo Social