Targeted expression of truncated glued disrupts giant fiber synapse formation in Drosophila

Glued1 (Gl1) mutants produce a truncated protein that acts as a poison subunit and disables the cytoplasmic retrograde motor dynein. Heterozygous mutants have axonal defects in the adult eye and the nervous system. Here we show that selective expression of the poison subunit in neurons of the giant fiber (GF) system disrupts synaptogenesis between the GF and one of its targets, the tergotrochanteral motorneuron (TTMn). Growth and pathfinding by the GF axon and the TTMn dendrite are normal, but the terminal of the GF axon fails to develop normally and becomes swollen with large vesicles. This is a presynaptic defect because expression of truncated Glued restricted to the GF results in the same defect. When tested electrophysiologically, the flies with abnormal axons show a weakened or absent GF-TTMn connection. In Glued1 heterozygotes, GF-TTMn synapse formation appears morphologically normal, but adult flies show abnormal responses to repetitive stimuli. This physiological effect is also observed when tetanus toxin is expressed in the GFs. Because the GF-TTMn is thought to be a mixed electrochemical synapse, the results show that Glued has a role in assembling both the chemical and electrical components. We speculate that disrupting transport of a retrograde signal disrupts synapse formation and maturation

Relaxed Functional Dependencies - A Survey of Approaches

Recently, there has been a renovated interest in functional dependencies due to the possibility of employing them in several advanced database operations, such as data cleaning, query relaxation, record matching, and so forth. In particular, the constraints defined for canonical functional dependencies have been relaxed to capture inconsistencies in real data, patterns of semantically related data, or semantic relationships in complex data types. In this paper, we have surveyed 35 of such functional dependencies, providing a classification criteria, motivating examples, and a systematic analysis of them

CD177: A member of the Ly-6 gene superfamily involved with neutrophil proliferation and polycythemia vera

Genes in the Leukocyte Antigen 6 (Ly-6) superfamily encode glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored glycoproteins (gp) with conserved domains of 70 to 100 amino acids and 8 to 10 cysteine residues. Murine Ly-6 genes encode important lymphocyte and hematopoietic stem cell antigens. Recently, a new member of the human Ly-6 gene superfamily has been described, CD177. CD177 is polymorphic and has at least two alleles, PRV-1 and NB1. CD177 was first described as PRV-1, a gene that is overexpressed in neutrophils from approximately 95% of patients with polycythemia vera and from about half of patients with essential thrombocythemia. CD177 encodes NB1 gp, a 58–64 kD GPI gp that is expressed by neutrophils and neutrophil precursors. NB1 gp carries Human Neutrophil Antigen (HNA)-2a. Investigators working to identify the gene encoding NB1 gp called the CD177 allele they described NB1. NB1 gp is unusual in that neutrophils from some healthy people lack the NB1 gp completely and in most people NB1 gp is expressed by a subpopulation of neutrophils. The function of NB1 gp and the role of CD177 in the pathogenesis and clinical course of polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia are not yet known. However, measuring neutrophil CD177 mRNA levels has become an important marker for diagnosing the myeloproliferative disorders polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia

LA VALUTAZIONE AMBIENTALE STRATEGICA NEL SISTEMA DELLA PIANIFICAZIONE TERRITORIALE

The thesis analyses the main issues posed by the implementation of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) within the Italian physical planning system in the perspective of sustainable development principle, as elaborated in the supranational and European context. The proper implementation of the European Directive 2001/42CE in the national legal framework has revealed problematic as regards the definition of its scope and, specifically, the procedural patterns to be followed and guaranteed in order to ensure an high level of environmental protection in planning processes through early and effective integration of sustainability objectives in public decision-making. After more than ten years since Directive 2001/42CE adoption, sensitive issues still remain to be addressed in order to assess the effectiveness of the implementation both at legislative and administrative level. Taken previously into account the contents and main critical aspects of planning traditional discipline and practice, yet to be reformed at national level, the research work attempts to highlight the pre-conditions to be fulfilled for SEA proper implementation and the need of institutional adaptation of planning instruments and their relationships, in accordance with environmental systems complexities

Un’esperienza tra pari in una scuola di montagna

This article intends to offer some considerations on the relevance of schoolsin the inland areas and presents practical ideas born while working on theground during a decades-long teaching in a mountain school. The goal of thisthis paper is therefore to review possible actions/projects arising from a peerto-peer path conceived and implemented in a small village school. Personalgrowth processes are intertwined with a project carried out with the CLILmethodology. The constant focus is on accurate, wide-ranging programmingthat has not harnessed the participants in rigid patterns from a lecture whileapplying the dictates of the law 107, always leaving the operative freedom tothe teachers involved. In so doing, this research presents several opportunitiesto open up to the territory by educating for change. It peers into an increasinglyunpredictable future that requires the construction of active and conscious lifeprojects. Innovation and tradition, school and context, professionalism andhuman beings are the background of this experience, that re-discovers the richnessof teaching in a school of the internal areas of the South. At the end ofthe peer tutoring course, all the actors, all of us, have become a “little grownup”. After some time, the study of schools in inland areas is still largely to bewritten. This paper intends to offer an overview of the strategies that are beingimplemented and to stimulate further reflections in the field.Questo articolo intende offrire alcune considerazioni sulla rilevanza dellescuole delle aree interne, pensieri nati sul “campo” di un insegnamento pluridecennalein una scuola di montagna, azioni scaturite da un percorso di peerto peer ideato e realizzato in una piccola scuola di paese. Una vita per formare,per formarsi. Processi di crescita personale intrecciati ad un progetto svoltocon la metodologia CLIL. Programmazioni accurate, di ampio respiro che nonhanno imbrigliato i partecipanti in schemi rigidi da lezione cattedratica. Unmanagement che ha applicato i dettami della legge 107/2015 lasciando anchelibertà operativa ai docenti coinvolti. Si parla di opportunità per aprirsi al territorioeducando al cambiamento. Si scruta in un futuro sempre più imprevedibileche richiede la costruzione di progetti di vita attivi e consapevoli.Innovazione e tradizione, scuola e contesto, professionalità ed esseri umanisono lo sfondo di quest’esperienza che racconta la ricchezza dell’insegnamentoin una scuola delle aree interne del Sud. Alla fine del percorso di peertutoring, a conclusione del progetto, il docente neoimmesso ha superatol’anno di prova. Ma tutti gli attori, tutti noi, alla fine siamo un “po’ cresciuti”. Adistanza di tempo lo studio sulle scuole delle aree interne è ancora in buonaparte da scrivere. Questo contributo intende offrire uno spaccato sulle strategieche si stanno attuando e stimolare ulteriori riflessioni

Acurácia diagnóstica de questionários para identificar apneia do sono em idosos

Introdução: A utilidade de questionários para o diagnóstico de apneia obstrutiva do sono está bem estabelecida em adultos, mas permanece indefinida em idosos. Objetivo: Avaliar as propriedades preditivas dos questionários mais comumente empregados na população em geral em idosos fisicamente independentes. Desenho: Transversal. Local: Unidade de cuidados primários de saúde pública filiada a hospital universitário. Participantes: Roncadores fisicamente independentes com idade entre 65 a 80 anos cadastrados em um hospital universitário foram abordados por telefone e convidados a participar. Métodos: Os participantes foram submetidos à polissonografia portátil. Sensibilidade, especificidade, razão de verossimilhança positiva e negativa, área sob a curva ROC e psicometria clássica foram utilizados para avaliar a precisão e a medição de propriedades diagnósticas de três instrumentos validados para uso na população geral, sendo incerta sua utilização em idosos. Resultados: A amostra de 131 idosos fisicamente independentes, 50% homens, 58% aposentados, foram incluídos. Epworth>6 apresentou uma precisão de 61% para identificar IAH≥15. Epworth>10, ponto de corte usualmente empregado em adultos, apresentou pior desempenho diagnóstico. Sexo masculino e ser aposentado tiveram menor probabilidade de estarem associados com apneia obstrutiva do sono grave. Para prever IAH≥15, a área sob a curva ROC para Epworth>6 foi significativa, mas não para STOP-bang>2 e Atenas>5. Na regressão logística para prever IAH≥15, controlando para diversos fatores, apenas Epworth>6 e Atenas>5 permaneceram significativas no modelo. Conclusão: Em idosos independentes, uma escala de sonolência de Epworth com ponto de corte de 6 tem melhor desempenho diagnóstico do que questionários comumente empregados para prever um IAH≥15.Background: The usefulness of questionnaires for diagnosis of sleep apnea is well established in adults, but remains undefined in the elderly population. Objective: To evaluate the predictive properties of the most commonly employed questionnaires in physically independent elderly people from the general population. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Public health primary care unit affiliated to university hospital. Participants: Physically independent snorers aged 65 to 80 years adscript to a university hospital were approached by telephone and invited to participate. Measurements: Participants underwent portable polysomnography. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, area under the ROC curve, and classical psychometrics were used to assess diagnostic accuracy and measurement properties of three validated instruments for use in the general population, making their usability in elderly populations uncertain. Results: A sample of 131 independently-living elderly people, 50% male, 58% retired, was included. For identifying AHI≥15, an Epworth>6 had an accuracy of 61%. Epworth>10, the usually employed cut-off point in adults, had poorer diagnostic performance. Male gender and retirement were protective of more severe OSA. For predicting AHI≥15, the area under the ROC curve for Epworth>6 was significant, but not for STOP-Bang>2 and Athens>5. In logistic regression to predict AHI≥15, after controlling for several confounders, Epworth>6, and Athens>5 were the only variables that remained significant in the model. Conclusion: In independent elderly, an Epworth sleepiness scale cut-point of 6 has better diagnostic performance than commonly employed questionnaires to predict an AHI≥15

Da formação operária à formação superior sindical na França: os Institutos Regionais do Trabalho

This presentation on the hystorical context of the trade union adult education, limits itself to the 20th century, beginning with the postwar years till the creation of the first Regional Instituto of Employment, in 1956. The socio-economic conditions, as well as the policies of the time, determined the development of the workers social right that eventually led to the right to training and education. My role as a research professor at the IRT (2006- 2007) enabled me to enjoy the productions and discussions held by the institutes experts in several fields (economists, lawyers, sociologists and historians) to carry out my research work on the unionism in France. In my capacity as an expert in adult education, I aimed to demonstrate through the data I could gather, the role that lifelong education plays in the education of the trade union workers, regardless of the ideologycal orientation the union may have, as it concerns a right embedded in the Civil Code which every worker is entitled to.Esta presentación sobre el contexto histórico de la formación de sindicatos en Francia, se limita al siglo XX, comenzando con el período de posguerra, en el principio del siglo hasta la creación del primer Instituto Regional del Trabajo en 1956. Las condiciones socioeconómicas y políticas de la época, determinó el desarrollo del derecho social del trabajador hasta garantizar el derecho a la formación. Nuestro papel como profesor- investigador en el IRT- Instituto Regional de Trabajo (2006-2007) ha permitido disfrutar de las producciones y los debates celebrados por sus especialistas (economistas, juristas, sociólogos e historiadores) para la elaboración de nuestra investigación sobre el sindicalismo en Francia. Como especialista en formación de adultos, tratamos de demostrar, a través de los datos recogidos, el papel de la educación continua en la formación de los sindicalistas, sin importar la tendencia ideológica de la organización sindical, pues tratase de un derecho adquirido de todos los trabajadores, con base en el Código Civil.Esta apresentao sobre o contexto histrico da formao sindical na Frana, limita-se ao sculo XX, comeando pelo perodo ps-guerra, do incio do sculo, at a criao do primeiro Instituto Regional do Trabalho, em 1956. As condies socioeconmicas, bem como polticas da poca, determinaram o desenvolvimento do Direito Social do Trabalhador at chegar ao direito da formao. Nossa funo de professora-pesquisadora no IRT-Instituto Regional do Trabalho (2006-2007) permitiu-nos usufruir das produes e discusses realizadas pelos seus especialistas (economistas, juristas, socilogos e historiadores) para elaborarmos nossa pesquisa sobre o sindicalismo na Frana. Como especialista da formao de adultos, procuramos demonstrar, atravs dos dados coletados, o papel da formao continuada na formao do pblico de sindicalistas, independentemente da tendncia ideolgica da organizao sindical, pois trata-se de um direito adquirido por todo trabalhador, com base no Cdigo Civil

Educando para a construção do projeto pessoal de formação e profissional – uma experiência de ensino na França

This article is a partial presentation of the topic developed in the author’s doctoral dissertation and intends to be a reflection aiming at practical applications for a university reform in the context of internationalization of education. The orientations it brings are based on the author’s personal experience and research. The educational orientation of students in the construction of their personal educational and professional project needs the development of specific competences of teachers, which the article briefly discusses by providing a theoretical framework that could serve as a reference for the forming of the student’s project. The intentions presented can also serve as a proposal for the university that faces the professionalisation of its educational practices and the training of teachers with that goal. The issue of ethical reflection in the evaluation of the project is only introduced, because it does not constitute the central topic in this proposal. Besides, the author has a recent publication on this issue. The author’s goal is to present her experience in France and to contribute to the reflection on the innovation of the Brazilian educational system. Key words: project, professional education, higher education, reform, internationalization.O presente artigo corresponde a uma apresentação parcial da problemática desenvolvida na nossa tese de doutorado e pretende, antes de tudo, ser uma reflexão visando a aplicações práticas para uma reforma da universidade, dentro de um contexto de internacionalização do ensino. As orientações trazidas são fundadas em nossas experiências e pesquisas pessoais. A orientação educativa dos estudantes na construção do projeto pessoal de formação e profissional necessita o desenvolvimento de competências específicas dos professores, o que tentaremos desenvolver de maneira sucinta, fornecendo um quadro teórico que possa sobretudo servir de referência à formação do projeto do estudante. As intenções apresentadas podem servir também como uma proposta para a universidade que se encontra confrontada com a profissionalização de suas práticas de ensino e com a formação de professores visando a este objetivo. A questão da reflexão ética na avaliação do projeto será apenas introduzida, pois não constitui a questão central da nossa proposta, sendo assunto de publicação recente. Nosso objetivo é de apresentar nossa experiência na França e de poder colaborar, em nosso nível, para reflexões sobre a inovação do sistema de ensino brasileiro. Palavras-chave: projeto, formação profissional, ensino superior, reforma, internacionalização